Noah Feldman: Hamilton vs. Madison and the birth of American partisanship
노아 펠드먼[Noah Feldman]: 해밀턴 대 매디슨, 그리고 미국 당파성의 탄생
Noah Feldman studies the intersection of religion, politics and law. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
for the last year or so,
이해하려고 노력하셨다면
like the following three propositions:
떠올렸을 겁니다.
has never been so bad before;
강했던 적은 없었다는 것이고
it's geographically spatialized --
처음 있는 일이라는 것입니다.
which want to look outwards,
바라보고자 하는 해양 지역과
which wants to look inwards;
내륙 지역으로 나뉘어져 있지요.
없다는 것입니다.
that all three of these propositions,
명제에 대하여 이야기하고자 합니다.
공화국이 탄생하던
in almost eerily the same way
그때도 지리적으로 분열되어 있었고
throughout US history.
an extraordinary mechanism
적절하게 관리할 수 있는
factional disagreement and partisanship.
가지고 있다는 겁니다.
supplely designed entity
아주 천천히 미묘하게
factional disagreement
방법을 가르쳐주기 위한 것입니다.
for overcoming that disagreement
극복하는 기술 역시
to a pivotal moment in US history,
돌아가보고자 합니다.
and partisanship was born.
when partisanship snapped into place.
사건이 있었습니다.
of that story is James Madison.
제임스 매디슨이지요.
꽤 잘나가고 있었습니다.
of not only the US Constitution,
more globally,
국제적으로 만든 인물입니다.
고작 3년 동안
designed, passed and gotten ratified
이론화하고 설계하고
some sense of the enormity
얼마나 대단한 성과인건지
오늘날에도 사용된다는 점을 생각하면
couldn't have known it at the time,
that he invented is still in use
몰랐을 수도 있었지만 말입니다.
of contexts all over the world,
to manage governance.
사용되며 가장 효과적입니다.
having solved this problem,
the results of factions
거라고 생각했지요.
he had designed a constitution
고안했기 때문에
될 거라고 생각했습니다.
마지막 마케팅 단계에서
of his constitutional project
called Alexander Hamilton.
알렉산더 해밀턴이었습니다.
Madison was not.
되었고 매디슨은 그렇지 못했습니다.
where Madison was restrained.
해밀턴은 열정적이었고요.
to a woman expect for once
딱 한 여자 빼고는 말도 섞지 않았지요.
and lived happily ever after for 40 years.
40년 동안 행복하게 살았습니다.
a hip-hop musical --
a hip-hop musical.
어울릴만한 사람은 아니었지요.
않는 조합이었지만
the Federalist Papers,
(Federalist Paper)’를 발행해서
and wildly successful.
알릴 수 있었습니다.
인프라를 위한 것으로
and infrastructure
for constitutions.
방식과 일치했습니다.
사람들이라면 모두 알고 있었죠.
of infrastructure.
존재라고 말했지요.
the United States a national bank,
"immortal," his phrase --
없어지지 않을” 거라고 했습니다.
that would enable trade and manufacturing
전통 산업인 농업을 위한 정책이 아닌
wealth had historically been.
that his old friend Hamilton was wrong
비난하는 방식을 선택하지 않고
결정을 하는데 있어서
주장하기 시작했습니다.
were unconstitutional --
of the Constitution
the way you would expect.
대응했을지 예상되시죠.
his "personal and political enemy" --
개인적으로도, 정치적으로도
such close friends and such close allies
가까운 정치적 협력자이며
서로에 대한 적대감을 키워나갔습니다.
old-fashioned way.
행보를 이어나갔습니다.
the Democratic Republican Party --
called the Federalist Party.
positions on national politics
some manufacturing and some trade
to put in charge of the country.
Madison came to believe.
그렇게 믿게 되었습니다.
was to look inwards
of Republican virtue,
농업인을 육성해야 한다고 주장했지요.
that had made American great,
가치라면서 말이죠.
by saying that Madison was naïve,
너무나 순진하고
to turn the United States
경제 자립 국가로 만들자는 것이며
on the global scale.
주장했습니다.
to each of their claims,
각자의 가치를 과장하여 표현했지만
the views of the other
포함되어 있었습니다.
came entirely through the lens
or the Federalist party.
입장을 알게 되었습니다.
the Constitution did its work.
증명되었습니다.
미처 예상하지 못한
had not fully anticipated.
언론 탓으로 돌렸고요.
새로운 주장을 펼치던 사람이었는데
when he thought about anything --
생각을 해냈지요.
that the press was so pro-Federalist
were all Federalists,
때문이라고 했습니다.
who got their capital from Britain,
자본을 모으는 해안 지역의
criticism of the government --
있었던 일입니다.
the freedom of speech,
권리장전에 기록된
into the Bill of Rights,
조직할 자유를 강조했습니다.
Democratic-Republican Societies --
Societies라고 하는 지역의 작은
against Federalist-dominated hegemony.
지배되는 헤게모니에 대항했지요.
to win a national election --
선거에서 승리했습니다.
became president,
제퍼슨은 대통령이 되었으며
completely out of business.
신경을 끄게 되었지요.
of the Constitution
that actually managed faction
in the first place.
몇 가지 특징이 있기 때문입니다.
that the government was terrible.
주장할 수 있습니다.
private groups, individuals,
근본적인 변화를 원한다면
about fundamental change.
was the separation of powers --
of the Constitution.
과거에도 존재했고
띄게 된다는 사실입니다.
in the United States
unless you bring on board the center.
불가능 하다는 사실을 알게 됩니다.
that come incredibly fast
중립적 입장을 취하게 됩니다.
the president, in fact, does not rule
which other people have to agree with --
법을 제정할 수 있지요.
to drive presidents
will reveal to you
적용된다는 사실을
completely in operation.
따르지 않는다면
follows the rules of the Constitution,
as indeed has sometimes occurred,
그런 경우가 종종 있었습니다.
but in the past, in US history.
they need to win election
국회의원이 필요하고
in order to pass laws.
사람들이 필요합니다.
then, is the following:
is greater than partisanship.
당파성보다 위대합니다.
when that's possible,
당파성을 관리할 수도 있고
to overcome partisan division
is a technology that worked
효과가 있었습니다.
of the Civil War,
다시 유효하게 되었습니다.
세대에서도 유효했고
지금도 유효할 겁니다.
매우 간단합니다.
that you care about,
that matter to you,
문제에 대하여 목소리를 높이고
and knowledge and confidence
자신감을 잃지 마세요.
제대로 작동하려면
can do the job that it is designed to do.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Noah Feldman - Constitutional law scholarNoah Feldman studies the intersection of religion, politics and law.
Why you should listen
Noah Feldman is a professor and writer who tries to figure out how to make the government follow the rules; what the rules are that the government has to follow; and what to do if the rules are being broken. In his work, he asks questions like: How can a 225-year-old constitutional blueprint still work? Can you design a new and better constitution from scratch in places like Iraq and Tunisia? What rights do we have, really?
Feldman is the Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and a contributing writer for Bloomberg View. He served as senior constitutional advisor to the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq, and advised members of the Iraqi Governing Council on the drafting of the Transitional Administrative Law or interim constitution. He is writing a biography on James Madison, principal author of the Constitution and fourth president of the US; it's forthcoming in 2017.
Feldman is the author of six other books: Cool War: The Future of Global Competition (Random House, 2013); Scorpions: The Battles and Triumphs of FDR’s Great Supreme Court Justices (Twelve Publishing, 2010); The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State (Princeton University Press, 2008); Divided By God: America's Church-State Problem and What We Should Do About It (Farrar, Straus & Giroux 2005); What We Owe Iraq: War and the Ethics of Nation-building (Princeton University Press 2004) and After Jihad: America and the Struggle for Islamic Democracy (Farrar, Straus & Giroux 2003. He most recently co-authored two textbooks: Constitutional Law, Eighteenth Edition (Foundation Press, 2013) and First Amendment Law, Fifth Edition (Foundation Press, 2013).
Noah Feldman | Speaker | TED.com