Noah Feldman: Hamilton vs. Madison and the birth of American partisanship
ノア・フェルドマン: ハミルトン対マディソンと米国のパーティザンシップ(党派主義)の誕生
Noah Feldman studies the intersection of religion, politics and law. Full bio
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for the last year or so,
like the following three propositions:
行きつくことでしょう
has never been so bad before;
(党派主義)は最悪の状態である
it's geographically spatialized --
分裂してしまった―
which want to look outwards,
外向き志向であり
which wants to look inwards;
内向きだということです
that all three of these propositions,
これらの考えはいずれも
in almost eerily the same way
不気味なまでに同じように
throughout US history.
ずっと見られることです
an extraordinary mechanism
党派間の争いと党派主義を
factional disagreement and partisanship.
格別な仕組みがあります
supplely designed entity
巧妙に柔軟性を持って設計されたもので
factional disagreement
管理する方法を教えるという
for overcoming that disagreement
この意見の相違を乗り越える
to a pivotal moment in US history,
戻ってみたいと思います
and partisanship was born.
まさにその時です
when partisanship snapped into place.
of that story is James Madison.
ジェイムズ・マディソンです
of not only the US Constitution,
憲法の考えをより世界的にすることにおいて
more globally,
designed, passed and gotten ratified
理論化して設計し
some sense of the enormity
couldn't have known it at the time,
知り得なかったことですが
that he invented is still in use
憲法の技術は
of contexts all over the world,
to manage governance.
最も効果的な技術です
having solved this problem,
この問題を解決したので
the results of factions
he had designed a constitution
of his constitutional project
彼は多大な援助を
called Alexander Hamilton.
受けました
Madison was not.
まったく対照的でした
where Madison was restrained.
ハミルトンは情熱的で
to a woman expect for once
and lived happily ever after for 40 years.
その後40年間幸せに暮らしました
a hip-hop musical --
言えるでしょう
a hip-hop musical.
向きません
この2人が手を組んで
the Federalist Papers,
and wildly successful.
大いに成功をおさめた論文集です
and infrastructure
for constitutions.
マディソンに
of infrastructure.
ニュートンだと告げたのです
the United States a national bank,
合衆国銀行を設立し
「不死」と言われた永久債を設定し
"immortal," his phrase --
that would enable trade and manufacturing
農業よりも
重きをおいた
wealth had historically been.
that his old friend Hamilton was wrong
言い立てたり
were unconstitutional --
of the Constitution
訴えたのです
the way you would expect.
皆さんの想像どおりのものでした
his "personal and political enemy" --
「個人的かつ政治的な敵」だと
such close friends and such close allies
パートナーでもあった
old-fashioned way.
the Democratic Republican Party --
called the Federalist Party.
positions on national politics
採択した立場は
some manufacturing and some trade
to put in charge of the country.
国の責任者になろうとしていたのです
Madison came to believe.
なっていました
腐敗していると述べ
was to look inwards
of Republican virtue,
エッセンスであるとしました
that had made American great,
by saying that Madison was naïve,
マディソンを世間知らずで
to turn the United States
on the global scale.
うまく機能しないと述べました
to each of their claims,
それなりの理はあります
the views of the other
双方とも相手の見解を
came entirely through the lens
or the Federalist party.
the Constitution did its work.
わかったのです
思いもよらないような
had not fully anticipated.
when he thought about anything --
革新的でないことはありません
that the press was so pro-Federalist
were all Federalists,
断定しました
who got their capital from Britain,
criticism of the government --
法律を作ると―
the freedom of speech,
into the Bill of Rights,
Democratic-Republican Societies --
小さなローカルグループが結成され
against Federalist-dominated hegemony.
抵抗し始めました
to win a national election --
選挙で勝利しました
became president,
ジェファーソンが大統領となりました
completely out of business.
機能不全にすることに成功しました
of the Constitution
that actually managed faction
in the first place.
that the government was terrible.
private groups, individuals,
about fundamental change.
力がある組織です
was the separation of powers --
of the Constitution.
in the United States
unless you bring on board the center.
統治はムリだということです
that come incredibly fast
the president, in fact, does not rule
大統領は実は
which other people have to agree with --
法案を提出するだけなのです
to drive presidents
will reveal to you
completely in operation.
完全に機能しています
follows the rules of the Constitution,
as indeed has sometimes occurred,
裁判所が対抗します
but in the past, in US history.
過去もそうでした
they need to win election
選挙に勝つことの
in order to pass laws.
法律を可決させるためには必要です
短いトークの結論は
then, is the following:
is greater than partisanship.
党派主義よりも深遠です
when that's possible,
可能にします
to overcome partisan division
is a technology that worked
of the Civil War,
機能しませんでした
that you care about,
that matter to you,
and knowledge and confidence
自信を持って行い
can do the job that it is designed to do.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Noah Feldman - Constitutional law scholarNoah Feldman studies the intersection of religion, politics and law.
Why you should listen
Noah Feldman is a professor and writer who tries to figure out how to make the government follow the rules; what the rules are that the government has to follow; and what to do if the rules are being broken. In his work, he asks questions like: How can a 225-year-old constitutional blueprint still work? Can you design a new and better constitution from scratch in places like Iraq and Tunisia? What rights do we have, really?
Feldman is the Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and a contributing writer for Bloomberg View. He served as senior constitutional advisor to the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq, and advised members of the Iraqi Governing Council on the drafting of the Transitional Administrative Law or interim constitution. He is writing a biography on James Madison, principal author of the Constitution and fourth president of the US; it's forthcoming in 2017.
Feldman is the author of six other books: Cool War: The Future of Global Competition (Random House, 2013); Scorpions: The Battles and Triumphs of FDR’s Great Supreme Court Justices (Twelve Publishing, 2010); The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State (Princeton University Press, 2008); Divided By God: America's Church-State Problem and What We Should Do About It (Farrar, Straus & Giroux 2005); What We Owe Iraq: War and the Ethics of Nation-building (Princeton University Press 2004) and After Jihad: America and the Struggle for Islamic Democracy (Farrar, Straus & Giroux 2003. He most recently co-authored two textbooks: Constitutional Law, Eighteenth Edition (Foundation Press, 2013) and First Amendment Law, Fifth Edition (Foundation Press, 2013).
Noah Feldman | Speaker | TED.com