Jamila Raqib: The secret to effective nonviolent resistance
ジャミラ・ラキーブ: 実効性のある非暴力抵抗運動の秘訣
Jamila Raqib works on pragmatic approaches to nonviolent action for activists, human rights organizations, academics and governments globally. Full bio
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since I can remember.
戦争は私の人生の一部でした
just six months after the Soviets invaded,
アフガニスタンで生まれました
to understand what was happening,
起こっているのか分かりませんでしたが
and the fear around me.
恐怖の空気が立ち込めていました
on how I now think about war and conflict.
大きな影響を与えました
have a fundamental issue at stake,
ほとんどの人は
服従と屈辱を強いられる場合
to resist and to fight back.
強力な方法が必要となります
and terrible violence is,
悲惨なものであったとしても
唯一の選択肢と見なすなら
with the level of violence in the world.
世界的な暴力の現状を憂慮しています
that violence is morally wrong.
戦争は止められません
and as effective as violence.
提供しなければならないのです
situations around the world
民衆に向けて
struggle to conduct conflict.
紛争を遂行する方法を伝える活動です
with Gandhi and Martin Luther King.
キング牧師と結びつけますが
nonviolent action for thousands of years.
非暴力の行動をとって来ました
that we have today in this country --
手にしているほとんどの権利 —
with the environment --
市民としての権利は
who fought for them
犠牲を払った人々が
from this history,
その歴史から学んではいません
is widely misunderstood.
広く誤解されているのです
of Ethiopian activists,
活動家のグループと出会い
that I hear a lot.
ある事を言われました
tried nonviolent action,
非暴力の行動を試行しているが
抗議運動を行いましたが
and that was the end of that.
それっきりになりました
is equivalent to street protests
考え方こそが
way to show that people want change,
示す優れた方法にはなりえますが
actually create change --
変革は起きないからです
(笑)
people what they want
丁寧に頼んだからといって
(笑)
by destroying an opponent,
効果を発揮するのは
that an opponent needs to survive,
those sources of power.
can neutralize the military
兵士に離脱を促すことで
through strikes and boycotts.
経済を停滞させ
government propaganda
対抗できるのです
that can be used to do this.
様々な方法があります
ジーン・シャープは
of nonviolent action.
考えました
by corrupt former military officials
犯罪組織とつながりのある
to do anything about it --
感じる人がほとんどでした
just 12 regular people,
市民グループが Facebook上で
to their friends
holding signs with a message:
中央公園に集まるようにです
as protests spread throughout the country.
抗議は国中に広まりました
to various government buildings
何百個もの玉子を送りつけました
from running for office,
辞任を要求するだけでは
that they couldn't just keep protesting
追い込む必要がありました
the country refused to work.
労働を拒否しました
and schools shut their doors.
門を閉ざしました
幹線道路を封鎖しました
blocked major roads.
government officials,
of people using nonviolent action
創造性と勇気に
活動家のグループが
are confused about what to do with them.
わかるでしょう
the color of the ruling party.
(笑)
are getting better at grabbing headlines,
アピールするのがうまくなっていますが
一部でないなら
ほとんど効果はありません
his troops into battle
nonviolent movements operate.
ほぼ世界中で無計画に行われています
as military warfare,
軍隊による戦闘と
and have clear objectives,
明確な目的を持ち
of how to achieve those objectives.
戦略を持たなければなりません
over thousands of years
何千年にも渡って
dedicated to understanding
人類最高の頭脳を使って
is rarely systematically studied,
体系的な研究はほとんど行われず
in the world who are teaching it.
わずか数十名に留まります
approaches of dealing with conflict
私達が現在直面している
challenges that we're facing.
分かっているからです
in its war against ISIS.
using nonviolent action.
ISISに立ち向かっています
ISISがモースルを占拠した時
in place a new public school curriculum,
新たな公立学校の
頑なに拒んだのです
homeschool their children
子供を洗脳されるくらいなら
of just one act of defiance
たった1つの抵抗の例に
of nonviolent resistance
ISISに対する非暴力抵抗運動と
どうなるでしょう?
was part of a larger strategy
もっと大きな戦略 すなわち
that ISIS needs to function;
特定し遮断する戦略の一部だとしたら?
熟練した労働力や
to extract and refine oil;
エンジニア
and communications networks
情報通信ネットワーク
that ISIS relies on?
戦略だとしたら?
to imagine defeating ISIS
想像するのは
the way we think about conflict
それに直面する際の選択に
アイディアなのです
nonviolent action has worked
また それを
systems and technologies
他のシステムや技術を絶えず効率化し
to better meet human needs.
してきたのと同じように
nonviolent action
益々使われるようになる所まで
used in place of war.
進歩させられるかも知れません
could then be abandoned
紛争の手段としての暴力は
with weapons that are more effective.
取り替えて来たのですから
nonviolent struggle more powerful
非暴力を 戦争の最新テクノロジーより
technologies of war.
lies not in condemning violence
暴力を非難する事ではなく
する事にあるのです
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jamila Raqib - PeacemakerJamila Raqib works on pragmatic approaches to nonviolent action for activists, human rights organizations, academics and governments globally.
Why you should listen
Jamila Raqib is the executive director of the Albert Einstein Institution, which promotes the study and strategic use of nonviolent action worldwide. Since 2002, she has worked closely with Dr. Gene Sharp, the world's foremost scholar on strategic nonviolent action. Together, they developed a curriculum titled Self-Liberation: A Guide to Strategic Planning for Action to End a Dictatorship or Other Oppression. The publication is intended to provide in-depth guidance for planning a strategic nonviolent struggle.
Raqib represents the Institution at a number of domestic and international forums such as the Oslo Freedom Forum and the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations. Her work centers on presenting a pragmatic approach to nonviolent action to activists, human rights organizations, academics and governments. She travels throughout the world conducting consultations and workshops for individuals and groups seeking to achieve diverse goals such as opposing dictatorship, combatting corruption, attaining political rights, economic justice, environmental protection and women's empowerment.
She holds a B.A. in Management from Simmons College in Boston, MA, and is a Research Affiliate of the Center for International Studies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Jamila Raqib | Speaker | TED.com