Philippa Neave: The unexpected challenges of a country's first election
フィリッパ・ニーヴ: 初めて選挙を行う国での予期しなかった挑戦
Philippa Neave is senior advisor on the UN's Lexicon of Electoral Terminology. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
there's no word for it,
we know what we're talking about.
選挙が何なのかわかっています
We have the vocabulary.
それを知っており
where democracy doesn't exist,
どうでしょう
no words to describe the concepts
of electoral assistance,
who goes around the world
その国の人々には扱いきれない―
on countries that can't handle it."
例の人々の一員ですね」と
does not impose anything on anybody.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
世界人権宣言の21条に
to choose who governs them.
政府を選ぶ権利を持っている」
designing information campaigns
to participate or to vote
選挙の経験がない候補者や有権者に
伝えるのです
campaign to reach out to women
知ってもらいたいからです
because very often in this work,
何度も直面していることですが
that I've been doing it
high levels of illiteracy,
識字率が非常に低い国です
it was in 2005,
2005年のことですが
on the same day.
2つの選挙を行ったのです
are so incredibly difficult,
explaining two elections instead of one
いっそう大変なことでした
問題が発生しました
so many people wanted to take part,
あったからです
300名の立候補がありました
which is the parliamentary elections.
人民議会(ウォレシ・ジルガ)の選挙です
we had even more candidates.
a lot of symbols and things like that.
判りやすくしました
in Southern Sudan.
who had never, of course, voted,
high levels of illiteracy,
the size of Texas, more or less.
だいたいテキサスぐらいです
7kmしかないんです
where we landed the planes
ジュバ空港の
about what a box looked like.
知りませんでした
とても複雑なことでしたから
was obviously the way to go,
132もの言語があったのです
チュニジアに行きました
by that enormous movement
大規模なデモ活動が展開され
there was Egypt, there was Yemen.
historical moment.
with the election commission,
about various aspects of the election,
様々なことを語り合いました
that I hadn't actually heard before,
用語を使っていました
I'd worked with Jordanians, Egyptians,
仕事した経験があるのに
「なにか おかしいぞ」と
was this word "observer."
当たる言葉でした
議論していた時
was talking about "mulahiz" in Arabic.
「ムラハズ」と表現しました
in a passive sort of sense,
受け身のニュアンスがあります
he was wearing a light blue shirt."
彼のシャツが青色なのに「気づく」のではなく
the shirt was light blue or not?
自ら行って ちゃんと確かめるのが
by all kinds of treaties,
that control function in it.
選挙を監督する機能を持ちます
of the fact that in Egypt,
新たな事実に気が付きました
which means "to follow."
「従う(Follow)」という意味です
「従う人」と表現されています
followers of an election.
that's already accepted and in use,
使われている表現があるからです
which means "a controller."
「監督者(Controller)」という意味です
for one concept. This is not good.
別の言葉で表すのは よくないことです
we thought perhaps it's our role
言葉が歪みなく伝わるように
that the words are understood
私たちの役割なのではないかと
アラブの地域の人々が参考にできる
of Electoral Terminology,"
作ることにしました
in eight different countries.
of everything you need to know
a democratic election.
about what would be the appropriate word
and that's part of the problem.
問題の一つでした
that speak Arabic,
22ヶ国で話されていますが
that is used across the whole region
to the next in day to day language and use
日常で使われている言語ですから
異なるのは仕方がありません
added layer of complication.
問題をいっそう複雑にしていました
fully ripe, if you like,
new expressions.
次々と誕生していたのです
eight correspondents in the region.
to harmonize or force harmonization.
それを強制することではなく
understanding among people.
手助けをすることでした
the different expressions in use
各国で使われている異なる表現を
it took three years to produce this
嬉しく思います
and took it actually into the field,
in all these different countries,
in November 2014 in Cairo.
カイロで出版に至りました
We published 10,000 copies.
今日までに1万部が出版されました
off the internet in PDF form.
that they've taken it up in Somalia.
ソマリアでも これを使うことを決め
a version of this in Somalia,
for Electoral Management Bodies,
「アラブ選挙運営組織」では
built up a pan-Arab observation unit,
「全アラブ選挙監視ユニット」でも
is quite high-pitched.
are quite technical,
need to know at least a third of it.
3分の1も知っていれば十分です
私たちが受けるような
of what we know as civic education.
奪われてきました
in that part of the world,
そういった教育はないのです
the right of everybody
producing a work of reference
選挙用語集もあったら良いのではと
コミュニケーションがとれます
that can be used now
初めて彼らの言語で
about the Middle East.
We hear terrorism.
and all this horrible negative news
the people, the everyday people, thinking?
私たちに聞こえてきません
let's give them the words.
与えましょう
with the knowledge tools
does not need to be silent.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Philippa Neave - Electoral consultantPhilippa Neave is senior advisor on the UN's Lexicon of Electoral Terminology.
Why you should listen
Philippa Neave specializes in electoral communications and education, devising information and training campaigns for voters and candidates in emerging democracies. Since 2005 she has worked in electoral assistance as a consultant for the United Nations, developing strategies to inform people on their voting rights, with particular emphasis on reaching women and people with low levels of literacy. She has worked on elections in Afghanistan, Iraq UAE, Jordan, Turkey, Cambodia, Madagascar, Southern Sudan and Tunisia.
An Arabic speaker, Neave initiated and conducted a three-year project to produce the first Arabic lexicon of electoral terminology. With close to 500 entries, the tri-lingual (Arabic, English and French) lexicon provides clear and accurate explanations of key concepts and terms in the field of elections. Neave's approach included a groundbreaking effort to account for Arabic language variations across the region in eight participating countries: Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Palestine, Tunisia and Yemen.
Neave has always worked with words. For 15 years she was a reporter specialising in the Middle East. After a year and a half in Cairo, she became a foreign correspondent for an international features syndicate in based Rome, Paris and New York. Later, in London, she was chief editor of a magazine on arts and culture and in Paris after that, she was chief editor of European Press Network. She then left the news business and worked as Middle East Director for a British charity, based in Beirut for five years.
Her interest in democracy building goes back to the time when soon after leaving university, she served for several years as deputy Secretary General of the Parliamentary Association for Euro-Arab Cooperation, organising and participating in the Euro-Arab Parliamentary Dialogue.
Born in 1960 in France to an English father and a Danish mother, Neave grew up bilingual. She studied Arabic at Durham University in the UK and obtained a BA degree. She speaks seven languages, including Arabic, and is based in Paris.
Philippa Neave | Speaker | TED.com