Paul Knoepfler: The ethical dilemma of designer babies
폴 노플러(Paul Knoepfler): 맞춤 아기에 대한 윤리적 딜레마
Paul Knoepfler is a biomedical scientist and writer focusing on stem cells and genetics. Full bio
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만들어 드린다면 어떠시겠어요?
to go down that road together?
friends and coworkers
동료들 중 많은 이가
Marianne, next to you,
마리앤이라고 해볼까요.
consciously made that decision,
그런 선택을 했기 때문에
they kind of look down on you.
여러분을 업신여깁니다.
a Luddite or a technophobe.
기술 공포증이 있다고 생각해요.
who lives right next door,
옆집에 사는 제나인데
designer baby with numerous upgrades.
맞춤 아기로 태어났죠.
기술로부터 시작되었습니다.
modification technology
hired to do this
into a whole panel of human embryos.
인간 배아를 만들었습니다.
that little tiny embryo, Jenna's embryo,
가장 우수하다고 예측해서
in your living room
each other for years now,
she's smarter than you,
a whole new generation
than their parents' generation,
of health conditions,
this sort of unsettling feeling,
계속 불편한 기분이 듭니다.
just not quite right about Jenna,
about other GM kids that you've met.
비슷한 기분을 느낍니다.
in the newspaper earlier this week
who were born as designer babies
문제가 있을 수 있다는
and narcissism.
from Jenna's family.
to a special school,
than your daughter Marianne,
your family into a disarray.
to kiss her goodnight,
인사를 하러 들어갔다니
even be my friend anymore?"
할까요?" 하고 묻는 겁니다.
this imagined 2030 story,
이야기를 해 드렸는데요.
that I may have put some of you
공상과학처럼 들으셨겠죠?
frame of reference. Right?
in Halloween mode of thinking.
a possible reality for us,
연구하는 과학자로서
이것이 미칠 영향을
on what we decide to do today.
결정을 할지에 달렸습니다.
kind of thinking in sci-fi mode,
had a huge shock earlier this year,
빠졌던 걸 생각해보세요.
doesn't even know about it.
of genetically modified human embryos.
만들었다고 발표했습니다.
this new CRISPR technology.
they sort of cracked the door ajar
마찬가지라고 생각합니다.
are going to run with this technology
may hold up your hands and say,
and create a designer baby."
만들 수는 없잖아요."
including my country, the US,
비롯한 많은 나라에서는
so in theory, you could do it.
그러니 이론적으론 합법인거죠.
this year that resonates in this area,
또 다른 사건이 있었습니다.
not so far from here over in the UK.
has been the strictest country
인간 유전자 조작에 대해
genetic modification.
of genetically modified humans
to prevent a rare kind of genetic disease.
고매한 목적하에 이뤄진다면 말이죠.
these events are pushing us
인간 유전자 조작을 받아들이도록
about this CRISPR technology.
관해 얘기했는데요.
that we're all more familiar with,
유전자 변형 기술이 있죠.
생산하는 기술을 생각하시면
is similar to the technologies
a genetic Swiss army knife.
is kind of like a magnifying glass
자를 수 있습니다.
the genetic code in that location.
암호를 써 넣는 거죠.
on the scene just three years ago,
so freaking exciting to scientists,
과학자들에겐 미친듯 신나는 일이죠.
and we use it in my own lab,
지금 저희 연구실에서도 쓰고 있어요.
is going to go that extra step
여기서 한 걸음 더 나아가
기술인데도 말이죠.
literally have this in hand today,
in designer babies.
주제들을 탐구합니다.
going on with CRISPR.
좋은 연구가 많습니다.
now do genetic modifications
and cost millions of dollars
for a couple thousand bucks,
몇천 달러로 가능해졌습니다.
사람들에게 기회를 줍니다.
so much on science.
아닐 거라고 생각해요.
to be driving them.
or the chase for a profit.
for designer babies.
맞춤 아기를 만들려고 하겠죠.
if we go back two centuries,
profoundly have impacted humanity,
깊은 영향을 미쳤다는 겁니다.
a social Darwinism at work in our world,
of this CRISPR technology
모든 분야에 나타날 겁니다.
one century to the last century
and he was born here in 1929.
had little baby Peter,
of the eugenics equation.
home for generations,
그런 고향을 떠나기로
but they were heartbroken,
ever really got over leaving Vienna.
납득하셨는지는 모르겠습니다.
gentler, positive eugenics,
긍정적인 우생학이란 거죠.
on trying to improve people,
목적이 있기는 해도
of this new eugenics,
to make it happen.
해줄 거라 믿는다는 겁니다.
about making better people.
우생학이란 것을요.
about a human being?
we think we could be better.
more hair here, instead of baldness.
머리숱이 더 있었으면 좋겠어요.
다른 외모를 바라겠죠.
we could make those things happen,
그게 정말 가능하다면
in our children,
would be these risks.
위험들도 있을 겁니다.
to individuals as well.
healthier using genetic modification,
유전자 조작을 한다고 해 봅시다.
we could make them sicker.
병들게 할 수도 있습니다.
important genetic modification research
the designer baby route,
an interest in genetic modification.
like they have lower health care costs,
의료비용이 덜 들겠죠.
may start trying to compel their citizens
the birth of 400 million human beings.
하나의 정책이 되는 것도
could be something that governments push.
are thought to be fashionable,
the new glitterati,
that we really could control?
우리가 통제할 수 있을까요?
about genetic modification,
or invoked more than anything else,
and all this other stuff.
식품 같은 것들이었어요.
and we think about it in the human context
costume their children genetically,
분장시킬 수 있다면
a Frankenstein 2.0 kind of situation?
상황이 될 수 있지 않을까요?
it's going to get to that extreme.
hacking the human code,
해킹하기 시작한다면
in terms of what might come of that.
of transformative science
basically go out of control
영향을 미치는 경우가 있습니다.
and that is in vitro fertilization.
Louise Brown was born,
루이즈 브라운이 태어났습니다.
five million IVF babies have been born,
시험관 아기가 탄생했어요.
아이를 갖게 되었죠.
in four decades,
from a new technology
아기가 태어났다는 건
맞춤 아기에도 일어날 수 있습니다.
and designer babies.
we make in the next few months,
몇 년 뒤에 내릴 결정에 따라
of genetically modified humans.
인간이 탄생할 수 있습니다.
because if we, you in the audience, or I,
be genetically modified, and so on,
유전자를 갖고 태어난다는 것입니다.
with human genetic modification?
어떤 길이 올바른 길일까요?
creating genetically modified people,
허가해선 안됩니다.
and too unpredictable.
for me to say that in public,
self-regulation and things like that.
반대하는 분야이기 때문이죠.
who not only disagree with me,
의견을 갖는 것을 넘어서서
full speed ahead,
맞춤 아기를 만들자는 입장이에요.
to follow in the next few months,
there may be no moratorium.
않을 수도 있습니다.
of the problem that we have
applying to humans,
this is a revolution,
혁명이라고 말이죠.
in very personal ways.
영향을 미칠 수 있는데도요.
is actually to change that
그런 상황을 바꾸는 겁니다.
that there will be a role for the public
있기를 희망합니다.
to 2030 again, that imagined story,
we make, again, today --
결정에 달렸습니다.
the next year or so,
is spreading like wildfire.
퍼지고 있기 때문입니다.
낳기로 선택했을까요?
the sort of traditional route,
the place like mine.
are kind of swinging like this,
but compare them, right?
they're a better student,
you need to wipe.
might you make next time?
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paul Knoepfler - BiologistPaul Knoepfler is a biomedical scientist and writer focusing on stem cells and genetics.
Why you should listen
Dr. Paul Knoepfler loves stem cells. He is working to figure out how we use safely them to treat many diseases and how stem cells sometimes turn to the dark side to cause cancer. Over the years he has made key discoveries about how stem cells and cancer are programmed. Now he is especially interested in how to hack these cells to control their behavior, including using powerful CRISPR genetic modification technology.
Knoepfler has also been a leading voice in the discussion about how CRISPR could be used to make designer babies and the risks of going down that path. He is a professor of cell biology and anatomy at UC Davis School of Medicine in California, where he both does research and teaches. In addition, he is a prolific writer including his popular science blog, The Niche, and two books: Stem Cells: An Insider's Guide and GMO Sapiens: The Life-Changing Science of Designer Babies. He is excited about contributing to efforts to build an innovative, global community of interconnected people with a shared passion for biomedical science and battling fake science. Knoepfler’s outspoken, approachable nature in tackling some of the most transformative questions in science has made him a go-to scientist for journalists and ordinary people across the globe.
Paul Knoepfler | Speaker | TED.com