Dan Gibson: How to build synthetic DNA and send it across the internet
Dan Gibson: Como construir DNA sintético e enviá-lo pela internet
Dan Gibson leads a new breed of bioengineers, called genome writers, who use DNA to design and build new products powering the next industrial revolution. Full bio
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about building synthetic cells
células sintéticas
from an international health organization,
de uma organização internacional de saúde,
morreram na China
the H7N9 bird flu.
moving across China.
rapidamente pela China.
to produce a flu vaccine
para produzir uma vacina
for at least six months.
pronta, na melhor das hipóteses.
flu vaccine manufacturing process
processo de fabricação,
was the only option.
era a única opção.
from infected patients,
de pacientes infectados,
the virus into chicken eggs,
em ovos de galinha,
for several weeks
for the start of a multistep,
para o início de um processo
manufacturing process.
a biological printer,
uma impressora biológica,
for the flu vaccine instructions
from the internet and printed.
da internet e impressas,
in which flu vaccines are made,
de produção das vacinas
our ability to read and write DNA
nossa capacidade de ler e escrever DNA
biological teleportation.
de teletransporte biológico.
who builds stuff out of DNA.
e construo coisas a partir do DNA.
one of my favorite things to do
and put it back together
better how it works.
just like coders programing a computer.
codificadores programam um computador.
and things like vaccines and therapeutics
vacinas e terapias
that were previously impossible.
que seriam impossíveis anteriormente.
recipient Craig Venter
da Medalha Nacional de Ciência,
of the functions and characteristics
e características
including viruses and living cells,
incluindo os vírus e as células vivas,
that code of DNA,
in a distant location.
em um outro local.
by biological teleportation.
de teletransporte biológico.
of creating, for the first time,
from DNA code in the computer.
de um código de DNA no computador.
as a scientist looking for a job,
it doesn't get any better than this.
como realizar um sonho.
of DNA within an organism.
dentro de um organismo.
Genome Project in 2003,
effort to identify
of a human being,
de um ser humano,
the techniques for reading DNA.
as técnicas para ler o DNA,
of the As, Cs, Ts and Gs
de A, C, T e G
the techniques for writing DNA.
para escrever DNA.
as writing short sentences,
writing paragraphs
com códigos de DNA,
for proteins and living cells.
para criar proteínas e células vivas.
machines at making new products,
eficientes para fabricar novos produtos,
pharmaceutical market,
would drive this bioeconomy even more,
ainda mais essa bioeconomia,
just like computers.
programadas como computadores.
would enable biological teleportation ...
permitiria o teletransporte biológico
biological material,
biológicos definidos,
these promises to fruition,
for the first time,
from a number of companies,
de várias empresas
bottles of chemicals that make up DNA,
those very short pieces of DNA for you.
developing the technology
desenvolvido a tecnologia
those short pieces of DNA
pedaços de DNA
contained over one million letters.
continha mais de um milhão de letras,
of your average novel,
of those letters in the correct order,
dessas letras na ordem correta,
by developing a procedure
desenvolvendo um procedimento
isothermal in vitro recombination method."
de recombinação in vitro".
didn't like this technically accurate name
científica não gostou desse nome técnico
de Gibson Assembly.
is now the gold standard tool,
a ferramenta padrão ouro,
curtos e longos de DNA.
the complete bacterial genome,
o genoma bacteriano completo,
foi encontrar um meio
self-replicating cell.
viva e autorreplicante.
as the operating system of the cell,
como o sistema operacional da célula,
necessary to boot up the genome.
necessário para iniciar o genoma.
where we could reprogram cells
que nos permitia reprogramar células
bacterial species into another,
bacteriana em outra,
with that of another.
de uma célula por outro.
technology then paved the way
de genoma abriu o caminho
written by scientists
escritos por cientistas
for reading and writing DNA
para ler e escrever DNA
when we announced the creation
was sequenced, back in 1995,
foi sequenciado, em 1995,
have been sequenced and stored
foram sequenciados e armazenados
was the proof of concept
sintética foi a prova
sequence out of the computer
bacteriano do computador,
into a free-living, self-replicating cell,
em uma célula viva e autorreplicante,
of the species that we constructed.
da espécie que construímos.
why there may be concerns
of genetic manipulation.
de manipulação genética.
for great societal benefit,
um grande benefício social,
carrying out the very first experiment,
de realizar o primeiro experimento,
with the public and the government
com o público e o governo
and regulate this new technology.
tecnologia de forma responsável.
was to screen every customer
are not being made by bad guys,
sejam produzidos por criminosos
are reported to the FBI
são reportadas ao FBI
law-enforcement agencies.
will power the next industrial revolution
da próxima revolução industrial,
global sustainability challenges.
em favor da sustentabilidade.
biobased sources,
biológicas renováveis,
from engineered microbes,
de microrganismos projetados,
printed at a patient's bedside.
impressos no quarto do paciente.
to create synthetic cells
células sintéticas
em escrever DNA.
we found ways to write DNA faster,
como escrever o DNA mais rápido,
of these technologies,
readily automate the processes
automatizar os processos
out of the scientist's hands
das mãos do cientista
impressora de DNA,
essential in writing DNA
para escrever DNA em diferentes aplicações
around the world are working on.
trabalhando ao redor do mundo.
about the H7N9 bird flu scare in China.
aviária H7N9 na China.
had already isolated the virus,
já havia isolado o vírus,
the DNA sequence to the internet.
a sequência na internet.
we downloaded the DNA sequence
baixamos a sequência de DNA
we printed it on the BioXp.
a imprimimos na BioXp.
that synthetic DNA into a flu vaccine.
esse DNA sintético em uma vacina.
dating back to the 1940s,
uma tecnologia dos anos 1940,
to arrive from China
o vírus chegar da China,
their egg-based approach.
o processo com o ovo.
developed ahead of time
a gripe foi produzida antecipadamente,
dangerous strain,
e potencialmente perigosa,
to appreciate, more than ever,
mais do que nunca,
a biological teleporter.
digital-to-biological converter.
conversor digital-biológico.
short pieces of DNA,
de DNA pré-fabricados,
de DNA digitalizado
into biological entities,
em entidades biológicas,
proteins or even viruses.
as a DVD player,
como um leitor de DVD,
físico seja inserido,
software and instrumentation engineers
de software e de instrumentação
de trabalho laboratorial
to predict what DNA to build,
para prever qual DNA construir,
building blocks of DNA into short pieces,
construindo pequenos blocos de DNA,
those short pieces into much longer ones,
formando sequências mais longas,
into other biological entities,
em outras entidades biológicas,
it was effective.
that once took weeks or months
ou meses no laboratório,
in just one to two days.
em um ou dois dias.
any human intervention
by the receipt of an email
pelo recebimento de um e-mail,
from anywhere in the world.
the DBC to fax machines.
aos aparelhos de fax.
received images and documents,
recebem imagens e documentos,
fax machines have evolved.
as máquinas de fax evoluíram.
is unrecognizable,
é irreconhecível
still didn't know what a fax machine was,
não sabia o que era uma máquina de fax,
to grasp the concept
on the other side of the world.
uma imagem do outro lado do mundo.
that a fax machine does
de um aparelho de fax
of digital information for granted.
essa rápida troca de informação digital.
in similar ways as fax machines have.
como as máquinas de fax.
the size of the instrument,
para reduzir seu tamanho,
the underlying technology
faster and more accurate.
rápida e precisa.
when synthesizing DNA,
ao sintetizar DNA,
between a medicine working or not
estar viva ou morta.
for the distributed manufacturing
could use a DBC
poderiam usar um DBC
for a patient at their bedside.
personalizados para um paciente.
when it's routine for people to have a DBC
será comum as pessoas terem um DBC
home computer or smart phone
their prescriptions,
com insulina ou anticorpos.
in strategic areas around the world,
em áreas estratégicas ao redor do mundo,
a surtos de doenças.
to a DBC on the other side of the world,
para um DBC do outro lado do mundo,
right on the front lines.
specifically tailored to the flu strain
adaptada para a cepa
vaccines and shipping them out,
vacinas e enviá-las,
go as far as the imagination goes.
placing a DBC on another planet.
em outro planeta.
the digital instructions to that DBC
enviar as instruções digitais
or to make synthetic organisms
ou de organismos sintéticos
fuel or building materials,
combustível ou materiais de construção,
more habitable for humans.
mais habitável para o ser humano.
traveling at the speed of light,
na velocidade da luz,
to send those digital instructions
para enviar essas instruções
to physically deliver those same samples
fisicamente essas mesmas amostras
beaming new medicines across the globe,
enviando medicamentos para o mundo todo,
infectious diseases
e salvando vidas,
for those who don't have time to wait.
para quem não tem tempo de esperar.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Gibson - Genome writerDan Gibson leads a new breed of bioengineers, called genome writers, who use DNA to design and build new products powering the next industrial revolution.
Why you should listen
In 2004, Dan Gibson was drawn to a project at the J. Craig Venter Institute: to build a synthetic cell from scratch. Within days, he was on a path to creating synthetic life alongside genomics pioneers. But to build a whole genome from scratch, Gibson had to first invent new methods to assemble DNA. One method, dubbed the "Gibson Assembly," became a game changer, and a series of firsts followed: first synthetic bacterial genome, first synthetic cell, first minimal cell. Today, these discoveries inform the design of synthetic DNA used for new medicines.
Gibson's teams at SGI and SGI-DNA recently introduced the world's first biologic teleporter, called the Digital-to-Biological Converter (DBC), which turns digital code into functional biologics in the form of DNA, RNA and proteins without human intervention. Imagine a future where digital code is emailed to DBCs at hospitals around the world to deliver personalized medicine at a patient's bedside.
Dan Gibson | Speaker | TED.com