David Sedlak: 4 ways we can avoid a catastrophic drought
Дэвид Седлак: 4 способа избежать катастрофической засухи
David Sedlak’s research focuses the long-term goal of developing cost-effective, safe and sustainable systems to manage water resources. Full bio
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created an amazing system
невероятную систему
that made it possible
которая сделала возможной
where there wasn't a lot of water.
на территориях с недостатком воды.
of Las Vegas and Phoenix
Лас-Вегас, Феникс и Лос-Анджелес,
in a really dry place.
we literally spent trillions of dollars
буквально триллионы долларов
to get water to our cities.
по водоснабжению наших городов.
it was a great investment.
это было отличное вложение денег.
что совместное воздействие
we've seen the combined effects
and competition for water resources
и конкуренции за воду
and water resources.
уровня воды в озере Мид,
in the lake level of Lake Mead
intakes for Las Vegas high and dry.
сильно обеспокоены
инфраструктуру для поставки воды,
a new drinking water intake structure
с большей глубины.
of the greater depths of the lake.
with providing water to a modern city
to the American Southwest.
город Австралии, Брисбейн,
city in Australia, Brisbane,
of running out of water.
в Сан-Паулу в Бразилии,
in São Paulo, Brazil,
completely full in 2010,
the 2016 Summer Olympics.
больших городов мира,
of the world's great cities,
the effects of a catastrophic drought.
эффект катастрофической засухи.
что приходится принимать «душ по-флотски».
about the navy showers we have to take.
наши грязные машины и пожухшие газоны.
our dirty cars and our brown lawns.
the prospect of turning on the tap
и не увидеть воды.
что при затруднениях в прошлом
have gotten bad in the past,
to expand a reservoir
водные ресурсы задействованы,
of the water resources are spoken for,
что этот испытанный метод
to rely on this tried and true way
to solve the urban water problem
что проблему обеспечения водой городов
у загородных соседей.
правовыми и социальными угрозами.
with political, legal and social dangers.
отобрать воду у сельских соседей,
the water from our rural neighbors,
на кого-то ещё,
the problem to someone else
it will come back and bite us
that already rely upon that water.
решить проблему воды в городах,
to solve our urban water crisis
four new local sources of water
открыть четыре новых местных источника,
in these new sources of water
в новые источники воды
когда-либо столкнуться
that we'll ever run across
without a supply of imported water,
без внешнего источника воды,
as an unrealistic and uninformed dreamer.
как от невежественного мечтателя.
water-starved cities in the last decades
мира в последние годы
и организационных способностей
the technologies and the management skills
from imported water,
вам сегодня рассказать.
to tell you about tonight.
который нужно освоить
supply that we need to develop
that falls in our cities.
of urban development
развития города —
with concrete and asphalt.
бетоном и асфальтом.
ливневую канализацию,
we had to build storm sewers
that fell on the cities out
of a vital water resource.
источника воды.
the volume of water
in the city of San Jose
все осадки в границах города.
that fell within the city limits.
и чёрной пунктирной линий видно,
of the blue line and the black dotted line
хотя бы половину осадков,
of the water that fell within the city,
to get them through an entire year.
are probably thinking.
достаточно построить огромные цистерны
is to start building great big tanks
to the downspouts of our roof gutters,
that might work in some places.
преимущественно зимой,
where it mainly rains in the winter time
is in the summertime,
to solve a water problem.
of a multiyear drought,
цистерну построить невозможно.
that's big enough to solve your problem.
реальный способ
the rainwater that falls in our cities,
впитаться в землю.
and let it percolate into the ground.
поверх природных хранилищ воды,
on top of a natural water storage system
huge volumes of water.
Los Angeles has obtained
из огромного водяного слоя,
from a massive aquifer
Сан-Фернандо.
которая стекает с крыши,
that comes off of your roof
в канализацию,
and flows down the gutter,
«Я действительно должен это пить?»
"Do I really want to drink that stuff?"
you don't want to drink it
в городах, мы должны
in urban water harvesting
what the city of Los Angeles is doing
в городе Бербанк, Калифорния.
in Burbank, California.
the stormwater park that they're building
которую они строят,
collection systems, or storm sewers,
или ливневых стоков,
в заброшенный гравийный карьер.
into an abandoned gravel quarry.
through a man-made wetland,
через рукотворное болото,
into that ball field there
aquifer of the city.
of passing through the wetland
живущими на поверхности растений
that live on the surfaces of the plants
чиста для питья,
still not clean enough to drink
this natural treatment process,
of the groundwater aquifers
для решения проблемы воды в городе,
to solve our urban water problem
очистки сточных вод.
of our sewage treatment plants.
with the concept of recycled water.
вторичного использования воды.
полоса шоссе,
and the highway median
in a sewage treatment plant.
её так используем.
for a couple of decades now.
на собственном опыте,
from our experience
expensive that we expected it to be.
the first few water recycling systems
рециркуляции воды
and longer pipe networks
всё дальше,
in terms of cost.
and practical way of recycling wastewater
и практично использовать стоки,
воду в питьевую.
into drinking water
we pressurize the water
a reverse osmosis membrane:
обратного осмоса:
to pass through
и органические химикаты,
the viruses and the organic chemicals
cleaves the hydrogen peroxide
пероксид водорода распадаться
hydroxyl radicals,
«гидроксильные радикалы».
форма кислорода,
are very potent forms of oxygen
химических соединений.
through this two-stage process,
known to modern science
измерения её показателей,
химических соединений,
первую стадию очистки,
the first step in the process,
в воде уже не остаётся.
от той природной воды,
to the taken-for-granted water supplies
воды, которое мы недавно создали
that we recently built
in Southern California.
from a part of the Santa Ana River
из одних отходов производства
almost entirely of wastewater effluent
and San Bernardino.
into our treatment wetland,
солнца и водорослей,
the organic chemicals,
и деактивируют патогены.
and inactivate the waterborne pathogens.
in the Santa Ana River,
and percolated into the ground,
питьевой водой города Анахейм,
of the city of Anaheim,
графства Риверсайд
from the sewers of Riverside County
of Orange County.
что идея пить сточную воду —
that this idea of drinking wastewater
or not commonly done.
и так никто не делает.
используем за год около 40 млрд галлонов
about 40 billion gallons a year
advanced treatment process
двухступенчатым процессом,
the supply of about a million people
чтобы обеспечить миллион человек,
will not be a tap at all,
открыть, по сути не совсем источник —
that we manage to do.
которую нам удаётся запасти.
about water conservation is outdoors
современных американских районах
and other modern American cities,
не в помещении.
happens outdoors.
and our plants survive
в зелёный цвет,
to start painting concrete green
and buying cactuses.
и сажать кактусы.
для нашего климата растения
landscaping with soil moisture detectors
и автоматизированного полива
green landscapes in our cities.
который нам нужно освоить,
that we need to open up
нелестные отзывы об опреснении.
people say about seawater desalination.
полно нефти, мало воды
lots of oil, not a lot of water
no matter how you slice it.
много энергии.
of seawater desalination
такой подход устарел.
is hopelessly out of date.
in seawater desalination
in the Western hemisphere
морской воды в западном полушарии,
north of San Diego.
к северу от Сан-Диего.
desalination plant
Santa Barbara 25 years ago,
25 лет назад,
will use about half the energy
вдвое меньше энергии
галлона воды.
has become less energy-intensive,
при опреснении морской воды не значат,
desalination plants everywhere.
опреснительные заводы везде.
для окружающей среды
a local water supply.
источников воды
from our reliance on imported water.
от внешних поставок воды.
земельных участков и зданий,
our surfaces and our properties,
by about 50 percent,
уличное потребление воды,
количество воды для остальных целей.
the water supply by 25 percent.
that makes it into the sewer,
попадающую в канализацию,
our water supply by 40 percent.
through a combination
и опреснение морской.
and seawater desalination.
любым вызовам природы,
to withstand any of the challenges
в ближайшем будущем.
in the coming years.
местные источники воды,
that uses local sources
in the environment for fish and for food.
из природных экосистем.
consistent with out environmental values.
будет помогать нам охранять природу.
для наших детей и внуков
and our grandchildren
take care of in the future
to create a new kind of water system.
начать обращаться с водой по-новому.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Sedlak - Civil and environmental engineerDavid Sedlak’s research focuses the long-term goal of developing cost-effective, safe and sustainable systems to manage water resources.
Why you should listen
Author, Professor and Director of the Institute for Environmental Science and Engineering at UC Berkeley, David Sedlak has developed cost-effective, safe and sustainable systems to manage water resources. He is particularly interested in the development of local sources of water, and his research has addressed water reuse–the practice of using municipal wastewater effluent to sustain aquatic ecosystems and augment drinking water supplies as well as the treatment and use of urban runoff to contaminated groundwater from contaminated industrial sites as water supplies.
In recent years, Sedlak's research on the fate of wastewater-derived contaminants has received considerable attention. He began this research in 1996 when he developed simple methods for measuring steroid hormones in wastewater. Since that time, he and his students have studied the fate of hormones, pharmaceuticals, toxic disinfection byproducts and other chemicals. His research team has also studied approaches for remediating contaminated soil and groundwater by in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) and advanced oxidation processes.
He also is the author of Water 4.0, a book that examines the ways in which we can gain insight into current water issues by understanding the history of urban water systems.
David Sedlak | Speaker | TED.com