TEDSalon London Spring 2012
Tristram Stuart: The global food waste scandal
Tristram Stjuart (Tristram Stuart): Skandal o globalnom bacanju hrane
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Zapadne države bacaju skoro polovinu svoje hrane, ne zato što nije jestiva -- već zato što ne izgleda privlačno. Tristram Stjuart se udubljuje u šokantne podatke o bačenoj hrani, pozivajući na razumnije korišćenje globalnih resursa.
Tristram Stuart - Author and Activist
Tristram Stuart sounds the warning bell on global food waste, calling for us to change the systems whereby large quantities of produce and other foods end up in trash heaps. Full bio
Tristram Stuart sounds the warning bell on global food waste, calling for us to change the systems whereby large quantities of produce and other foods end up in trash heaps. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The job of uncovering the global food waste scandal
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Otkrivanje skandala o globalnom bacanju hrane
00:19
started for me when I was 15 years old.
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za mene je počelo kada sam imao 15 godina.
00:22
I bought some pigs. I was living in Sussex.
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Kupio sam nekoliko svinja. Živeo sam u Saseksu.
00:25
And I started to feed them in the most traditional
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I počeo sam da ih hranim na najtradicionalniji
00:27
and environmentally friendly way.
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i ekološki moguć način.
00:29
I went to my school kitchen, and I said,
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Otišao sam u školsku kantinu i rekao:
00:31
"Give me the scraps that my school friends have turned
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"Dajte mi ostatke hrane koje su moji drugovi
00:33
their noses up at."
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ostavili."
00:34
I went to the local baker and took their stale bread.
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Išao sam do lokalne pekare i uzimao njihov
ustajali hleb.
ustajali hleb.
00:36
I went to the local greengrocer, and I went to a farmer
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Išao sam do lokalne prodavnice i do farmera
00:39
who was throwing away potatoes because they were
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koji je bacao krompire zato što su bili
00:41
the wrong shape or size for supermarkets.
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lošeg oblika ili veličine za supermarkete.
00:44
This was great. My pigs turned that food waste
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To je bilo odlično. Moje svinje su pretvarale ostatke hrane
00:47
into delicious pork. I sold that pork
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u predivno svinjsko meso. Prodao sam to meso
00:50
to my school friends' parents, and I made
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roditeljima svojih školskih drugova i zaradio
00:52
a good pocket money addition to my teenage allowance.
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nešto novca za svoj tinejdžerski džeparac.
00:57
But I noticed that most of the food that I was giving my pigs
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Ali sam primetio da je većina hrane
kojom sam hranio svoje svinje
kojom sam hranio svoje svinje
00:59
was in fact fit for human consumption,
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u stvari bila pogodna i za ljudsku potrošnju
01:02
and that I was only scratching the surface,
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i da sam tek zagrebao površinu
01:04
and that right the way up the food supply chain,
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i da upravo na vrhu lanca snabdevanja hranom,
01:07
in supermarkets, greengrocers, bakers, in our homes,
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u supermarketima, piljarnicama, pekarama,
u našim kućama,
u našim kućama,
01:10
in factories and farms, we were hemorrhaging out food.
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u fabrikama i na farmama, mi bacamo hranu.
01:13
Supermarkets didn't even want to talk to me
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Supermarketi nisu hteli ni da pričaju sa mnom
01:16
about how much food they were wasting.
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o tome koliko hrane bacaju.
01:17
I'd been round the back. I'd seen bins full of food
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Išao sam iza radnje. Video sam kante pune hrane
01:20
being locked and then trucked off to landfill sites,
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kako se zaključavaju, a zatim odvoze na deponije,
01:23
and I thought, surely there is something more sensible
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i pomislio sam, sigurno ima nešto razumnije što
01:26
to do with food than waste it.
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možemo da radimo sa hranom od bacanja.
01:29
One morning, when I was feeding my pigs,
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Jednog jutra, kada sam hranio svoje svinje,
01:31
I noticed a particularly tasty-looking sun-dried tomato loaf
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primetio sam jednu suncem osušenu veknu paradajz-hleba
01:35
that used to crop up from time to time.
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koja bi sa vremena na vreme zahrskala.
01:37
I grabbed hold of it,
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Uzeo sam je,
01:38
sat down, and ate my breakfast with my pigs. (Laughter)
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seo i doručkovao sa svojim svinjama. (Smeh)
01:42
That was the first act of what I later learned to call freeganism,
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To je bio prvi čin onoga što sam kasnije
naučio da zovem friganizam,
naučio da zovem friganizam,
01:45
really an exhibition of the injustice of food waste,
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u stvari prikaz nepravde bacanja hrane
01:49
and the provision of the solution to food waste,
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i mera rešenja za problem bacanja hrane,
01:52
which is simply to sit down and eat food,
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koja je jednostavno sesti i pojesti hranu,
01:54
rather than throwing it away.
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umesto da se ona baca.
01:56
That became, as it were, a way of confronting
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To je postao neki način suprotstavljanja
01:59
large businesses in the business of wasting food,
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velikim biznisima u poslu bacanja hrane
02:02
and exposing, most importantly, to the public,
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i pre svega, otkriti javnosti
02:04
that when we're talking about food being thrown away,
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da kada pričamo o hrani koja se baca,
02:07
we're not talking about rotten stuff, we're not talking about
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ne pričamo o trulim stvarima, ne pričamo o stvarima
02:09
stuff that's beyond the pale.
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koje su potpuno istrulile.
02:11
We're talking about good, fresh food that is being wasted
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Pričamo o dobroj, svežoj hrani koja se baca
02:14
on a colossal scale.
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u kolosalnim razmerama.
02:16
Eventually, I set about writing my book,
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U svoje vreme, započeo sam da pišem knigu
02:18
really to demonstrate the extent of this problem
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da bih stvarno prikazao obim ovog problema
02:20
on a global scale. What this shows is
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u globalnoj razmeri. Ovo pokazuje,
02:23
a nation-by-nation breakdown of the likely level
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od države do države, verovatan nivo
02:27
of food waste in each country in the world.
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otpadaka hrane u svakoj državi na svetu.
02:30
Unfortunately, empirical data, good, hard stats, don't exist,
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Nažalost, empirijski podaci, dobre,
pouzdane statistike ne postoje
pouzdane statistike ne postoje
02:34
and therefore to prove my point, I first of all had to find
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i stoga da bih dokazao svoju poentu,
prvo sam morao da pronađem
prvo sam morao da pronađem
02:36
some proxy way of uncovering
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neki ovlašćeni način otkrivanja
02:39
how much food was being wasted.
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koliko se hrane baca.
02:41
So I took the food supply of every single country
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Uračunao sam snabdevenost hranom za svaku državu
02:43
and I compared it to what was actually likely
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i to uporedio sa koliko se hrane u stvari
02:46
to be being consumed in each country.
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konzumira u svakoj državi.
02:48
That's based on diet intake surveys, it's based on
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To je zasnovano na anketama o ishrani, zasnovano je
02:52
levels of obesity, it's based on a range of factors
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na stepenu gojaznosti, zasnovano je na nizu faktora
02:55
that gives you an approximate guess
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koji približno nagađaju
02:56
as to how much food is actually going into people's mouths.
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koliko hrane u stvari završava u ustima ljudi.
03:00
That black line in the middle of that table
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Ta crna linija na sredini ove tabele
03:02
is the likely level of consumption
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je verovatan nivo potrošnje
03:05
with an allowance for certain levels of inevitable waste.
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sa dopuštenjem određenog nivoa neizbežnog otpada.
03:10
There will always be waste. I'm not that unrealistic
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Uvek će biti otpada. Nisam toliko umišljen da
03:12
that I think we can live in a waste-free world.
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smatram da možemo da živimo u svetu bez otpada.
03:14
But that black line shows what a food supply should be
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Ali ta crna linija pokazuje koliko bi hrane trebalo snabdevati
03:17
in a country if they allow for a good, stable, secure,
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po državi ukoliko se uračuna dobra, stabilna, zdrava
03:22
nutritional diet for every person in that country.
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ishrana za svaku osobu u toj državi.
03:26
Any dot above that line, and you'll quickly notice that
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Svaka tačka iznad te linije, a brzo ćete uočiti da tu
03:28
that includes most countries in the world,
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spada većina država sveta,
03:31
represents unnecessary surplus, and is likely to reflect
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predstavlja nepotreban višak i verovatno će uticati
03:35
levels of waste in each country.
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na nivo otpada u državi.
03:38
As a country gets richer, it invests more and more
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Što je država bogatija, sve više i više ulaže
03:41
in getting more and more surplus
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u obezbeđivanje sve više i više viška
03:42
into its shops and restaurants,
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za svoje prodavnice i restorane
03:45
and as you can see, most European
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i kao što vidite, većina evropskih
03:47
and North American countries
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i severnoameričkih država
03:48
fall between 150 and 200 percent
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ima između 150 i 200 procenata
03:52
of the nutritional requirements of their populations.
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potreba za svoju populaciju.
03:55
So a country like America has twice as much food
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Tako država kao što je Amerika ima duplo više hrane
03:57
on its shop shelves and in its restaurants
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na policama svojih radnji i u svojim restoranima
04:00
than is actually required to feed the American people.
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nego što je potrebno da se nahrani ljudi u Americi.
04:04
But the thing that really struck me,
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Ali stvar koja me je stvarno iznenadila,
04:05
when I plotted all this data, and it was a lot of numbers,
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kada sam grafički prikazao sve ove podatke,
a bilo je mnogo brojeva,
a bilo je mnogo brojeva,
04:09
was that you can see how it levels off.
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je to što možete da vidite kako se ravnaju.
04:13
Countries rapidly shoot towards that 150 mark,
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Države brzo rastu ka 150 procenata,
04:16
and then they level off, and they don't really go on rising
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a onda se ravnaju i ne nastavljaju da rastu
04:19
as you might expect.
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kako biste očekivali.
04:21
So I decided to unpack that data a little bit further
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Stoga sam odlučio da još malo proverim podatke
04:23
to see if that was true or false.
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da vidim da li je to istina ili ne.
04:26
And that's what I came up with.
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Došao sam do ovoga.
04:27
If you include not just the food that ends up
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Ako uračunate ne samo hranu koja završi
04:29
in shops and restaurants, but also the food
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u radnjama i restoranima, već i hranu
04:31
that people feed to livestock,
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kojom ljudi hrane stoku,
04:33
the maize, the soy, the wheat, that humans could eat
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kukuruz, soju, pšenicu, hranu koju ljudi mogu da jedu,
04:37
but choose to fatten livestock instead to produce
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ali odluče da ugoje stoku kako bi proizveli
04:39
increasing amounts of meat and dairy products,
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veće količine mesa i mlečnih proizvoda,
04:41
what you find is that most rich countries
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dolazite do činjenice da većina bogatih država
04:43
have between three and four times the amount of food
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ima između tri i četiri puta više hrane
04:47
that their population needs to feed itself.
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nego što je njihovoj populaciji potrebno za ishranu.
04:50
A country like America has four times the amount of food
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Država poput Amerike ima četiri puta više hrane nego
04:54
that it needs.
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što joj je potrebno.
04:57
When people talk about the need to increase global
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Kada ljudi pričaju o potrebi da se poveća globalna
05:00
food production to feed those nine billion people
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proizvodnja hrane kako bi se nahranilo
onih devet milijardi ljudi
onih devet milijardi ljudi
05:02
that are expected on the planet by 2050,
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koji se očekuju na planeti do 2050. godine,
05:05
I always think of these graphs.
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ja se uvek setim ovih grafikona.
05:07
The fact is, we have an enormous buffer
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Činjenica je da imamo ogroman prostor
05:09
in rich countries between ourselves and hunger.
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u bogatim državama između nas i gladi.
05:13
We've never had such gargantuan surpluses before.
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Nikada do sada nismo imali toliko ogromne viškove.
05:18
In many ways, this is a great success story
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Na mnogo načina, ovo je priča o uspehu
05:21
of human civilization, of the agricultural surpluses
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ljudske civilizacije, o poljoprivrednim viškovima
05:25
that we set out to achieve 12,000 years ago.
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koje pokušavamo da postignemo 12 000 godina.
05:28
It is a success story. It has been a success story.
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To je priča o uspehu. I oduvek je bila priča o uspehu.
05:32
But what we have to recognize now is that we are
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Ali sada moramo da shvatimo da
05:34
reaching the ecological limits that our planet can bear,
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dostižemo ekološke granice koje
naša planeta može da izdrži,
naša planeta može da izdrži,
05:38
and when we chop down forests, as we are every day,
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i kada sečemo šume, kao što i radimo svakog dana,
05:41
to grow more and more food,
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da uzgajamo više i više hrane,
05:42
when we extract water from depleting water reserves,
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kada izvlačimo vodu iz sve manjih rezervi,
05:46
when we emit fossil fuel emissions in the quest
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kada ispuštamo gasove fosilnih goriva kako bismo
05:49
to grow more and more food,
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uzgajali još više i više hrane,
05:50
and then we throw away so much of it,
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i onda bacamo toliko hrane,
05:53
we have to think about what we can start saving.
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moramo da počnemo da razmišljamo
kako možemo da počnemo da štedimo.
kako možemo da počnemo da štedimo.
05:56
And yesterday, I went to one of the local supermarkets
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Juče sam otišao do jednog lokalnog supermarketa
06:00
that I often visit to
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koji često posećujem da
06:02
inspect, if you like, what they're throwing away.
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pregledam šta sve bacaju.
06:06
I found quite a few packets of biscuits amongst
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Pronašao sam popriličan broj pakovanja keksa pored
06:09
all the fruit and vegetables and everything else
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sveg voća i povrća i svega ostalog
06:10
that was in there.
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što je bilo tamo.
06:11
And I thought, well this could serve as a symbol for today.
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I pomislio sam kako bi ovo moglo da posluži kao simbol danas.
06:14
So I want you to imagine that these nine biscuits
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Želim da zamislite da ovih devet biskvita
06:16
that I found in the bin represent the global food supply,
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koje sam pronašao u kanti
predstavlju globalne zalihe hrane,
predstavlju globalne zalihe hrane,
06:20
okay? We start out with nine.
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OK? Počinjemo sa devet.
06:21
That's what's in fields around the world every single year.
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Oni predstavljaju sve što je u poljima
širom sveta u jednoj godini.
širom sveta u jednoj godini.
06:25
The first biscuit we're going to lose
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Prvi biskvit ćemo izgubiti
06:26
before we even leave the farm.
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i pre nego što napustimo farmu.
06:28
That's a problem primarily associated with
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To je problem uglavnom povezan sa
06:32
developing work agriculture, whether it's
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razvitkom poljoprivrede, bilo da je zbog
06:33
a lack of infrastructure, refrigeration, pasteurization,
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nedostatka infrastrukture, rashlađenja, pasterizovanja,
06:36
grain stores, even basic fruit crates, which means
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skladišta, čak i običnih gajbi voća, što znači da
06:39
that food goes to waste before it even leaves the fields.
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se hrana baca i pre nego što napusti polja.
06:42
The next three biscuits are the foods that we decide
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Sledeća tri biskvita su hrana kojom
06:46
to feed to livestock, the maize, the wheat and the soya.
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hranimo stoku, kukuruz, pšenica i soja.
06:50
Unfortunately, our beasts are inefficient animals,
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Nažalost, naše životinje su neefikasne
06:54
and they turn two-thirds of that into feces and heat,
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i one pretvaraju dve trećine toga u fekalije i toplotu,
06:59
so we've lost those two, and we've only kept this one
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tako da smo izgubili ova dva i zadržali samo ovaj
07:01
in meat and dairy products.
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kao meso i mlečne proizvode.
07:03
Two more we're going to throw away directly into bins.
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Još dva biskvita ćemo da bacimo pravo u kantu.
07:07
This is what most of us think of when we think
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O ovome većina nas pomisli kad razmišljamo o
07:09
of food waste, what ends up in the garbage,
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otpacima hrane, šta sve završi u smeću,
07:11
what ends up in supermarket bins,
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šta sve završi u kantama supermarketa
07:13
what ends up in restaurant bins. We've lost another two,
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i restorana. Izgubili smo još dva,
07:16
and we've left ourselves with just four biscuits to feed on.
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i ostala su nam samo četiri biskvita za ishranu.
07:19
That is not a superlatively efficient use of global resources,
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Ovo nije najefikasnije korišćenje resursa
07:23
especially when you think of the billion hungry people
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posebno ako se u obzir uzme milijarda ljudi koji
07:26
that exist already in the world.
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gladuju širom sveta.
07:28
Having gone through the data, I then needed
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Analizirajući podatke, morao sam da
07:30
to demonstrate where that food ends up.
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pokažem gde ta hrana završi.
07:33
Where does it end up? We're used to seeing the stuff
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Gde ona odlazi? Navikli smo da vidimo stvari
07:35
on our plates, but what about all the stuff
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na našim tanjirima, ali šta sa onim stvarima
07:37
that goes missing in between?
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koje nestanu između?
07:39
Supermarkets are an easy place to start.
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Supermarketi su lak izbor za početak.
07:41
This is the result of my hobby,
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Ovo je rezultat mog hobija,
07:44
which is unofficial bin inspections. (Laughter)
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koji je nezvanično pregledanje kanti. (Smeh)
07:48
Strange you might think, but if we could rely on corporations
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Možete pomisliti da je to čudno, ali
ako bismo se oslanjali na korporacije
ako bismo se oslanjali na korporacije
07:51
to tell us what they were doing in the back of their stores,
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da nam kažu šta rade iza svojih radnji,
07:54
we wouldn't need to go sneaking around the back,
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ne bismo morali da se šunjamo pozadi,
07:57
opening up bins and having a look at what's inside.
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otvaramo kante i gledamo šta je unutra.
07:59
But this is what you can see more or less on
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Ali ovo manje-više možete videti na
08:01
every street corner in Britain, in Europe, in North America.
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svakom uglu u Britaniji, Evropi i Severnoj Americi.
08:05
It represents a colossal waste of food,
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Ovo predstavlja ogromne otpatke hrane,
08:08
but what I discovered whilst I was writing my book
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ali ono što sam otkrio dok sam pisao svoju knjigu je
08:10
was that this very evident abundance of waste
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da je ovo veoma očigledno obilje otpada
08:14
was actually the tip of the iceberg.
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samo vrh ledenog brega.
08:16
When you start going up the supply chain,
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Kada počnete da se penjete uz lanac zaliha,
08:19
you find where the real food waste is happening
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saznate gde se pravo bacanje hrane dešava
08:22
on a gargantuan scale.
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u ogromnim razmerama.
08:24
Can I have a show of hands
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Možete li da podignete ruke
08:25
if you have a loaf of sliced bread in your house?
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ako kod kuće imate isečenu veknu hleba?
08:29
Who lives in a household where that crust --
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Ko živi u kući u kojoj se ta kora -
08:31
that slice at the first and last end of each loaf --
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ta prva i poslednja kriška svake vekne -
08:35
who lives in a household where it does get eaten?
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ko živi u kući u kojoj se ona jede?
08:37
Okay, most people, not everyone, but most people,
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U redu, većina ljudi
08:39
and this is, I'm glad to say, what I see across the world,
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i drago mi je što mogu da kažem,
ono što vidim širom sveta,
ono što vidim širom sveta,
08:42
and yet has anyone seen a supermarket or sandwich shop
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ali da li je iko video supermarket ili pekaru
08:45
anywhere in the world that serves sandwiches
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bilo gde u svetu koja služi sendviče
08:47
with crusts on it? (Laughter)
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sa korom na njemu? (Smeh)
08:49
I certainly haven't.
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Ja zasigurno nisam.
08:50
So I kept on thinking, where do those crusts go? (Laughter)
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I tako sam razmišljao, gde nestane sva ta kora? (Smeh)
08:55
This is the answer, unfortunately:
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Ovo je odgovor, nažalost:
08:58
13,000 slices of fresh bread coming out of
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13 000 kriški hleba se baca iz
09:00
this one single factory every single day, day-fresh bread.
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ove jedne fabrike svakog dana, svež hleb.
09:05
In the same year that I visited this factory,
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Iste godine kada sam posetio ovu fabriku,
09:07
I went to Pakistan, where people in 2008 were going hungry
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putovao sam u Pakistan, gde su ljudi 2008. godine gladovali
09:11
as a result of a squeeze on global food supplies.
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zbog smanjenja svetskih zaliha hrane.
09:15
We contribute to that squeeze
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Mi doprinosimo tom smanjenju
09:17
by depositing food in bins here in Britain
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bacajući hranu u kante ovde u Britaniji
09:20
and elsewhere in the world. We take food
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i drugde u svetu. Uzimamo hranu sa polica radnji
09:22
off the market shelves that hungry people depend on.
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od koje zavise gladni ljudi.
09:25
Go one step up, and you get to farmers,
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Idite korak napred i stižete do farmera,
09:28
who throw away sometimes a third or even more
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koji ponekad bacaju trećinu ili više
09:30
of their harvest because of cosmetic standards.
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svog roda zbog kozmetičkih standarda.
09:32
This farmer, for example, has invested 16,000 pounds
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Ovaj farmer je, na primer, uložio 16 000 funti
09:35
in growing spinach, not one leaf of which he harvested,
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u uzgajanje spanaća, od kojeg ni list nije ubrao
09:38
because there was a little bit of grass growing in amongst it.
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jer je malo trave raslo između.
09:41
Potatoes that are cosmetically imperfect,
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Krompiri koji su kozmetički nesavršeni,
09:43
all going for pigs.
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svi idu svinjama.
09:45
Parsnips that are too small for supermarket specifications,
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Paškanat koji je premali prema
specifikacijama supermarketa,
specifikacijama supermarketa,
09:49
tomatoes in Tenerife,
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paradajzi u Tenerifeu,
09:51
oranges in Florida,
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pomorandže u Floridi,
09:53
bananas in Ecuador, where I visited last year,
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banane u Ekvadoru, koji sam posetio prošle godine,
09:56
all being discarded. This is one day's waste
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sve se baca. Ovo je jednodnevni otpad
09:58
from one banana plantation in Ecuador.
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jedne plantaže banana u Ekvadoru.
10:01
All being discarded, perfectly edible,
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Sve se baca, savršeno jestivo,
10:03
because they're the wrong shape or size.
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jer su pogrešnog oblika ili veličine.
10:05
If we do that to fruit and vegetables,
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Ako to radimo sa voćem i povrćem,
10:07
you bet we can do it to animals too.
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budite sigurni da to radimo i sa životinjama.
10:10
Liver, lungs, heads, tails,
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Jetre, pluća, glave, repovi,
10:13
kidneys, testicles,
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bubrezi, testisi,
10:15
all of these things which are traditional,
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sve ove stvari koje su tradicionalni,
10:16
delicious and nutritious parts of our gastronomy
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ukusni i hranljivi deo naše gastronomije
10:19
go to waste. Offal consumption has halved
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se bacaju. Korišćenje iznutrica u ishrani se prepolovila
10:23
in Britain and America in the last 30 years.
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u Britaniji i Americi u poslednjih 30 godina.
10:25
As a result, this stuff gets fed to dogs at best,
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Ishod ovoga je da ove stvari, u najboljem slučaju,
završe kao hrana za pse
završe kao hrana za pse
10:28
or is incinerated.
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ili spaljene.
10:30
This man, in Kashgar, Xinjiang province, in Western China,
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Ovaj čovek, u Kašgaru, provinciji Šinjang zapadne Kine,
10:33
is serving up his national dish.
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poslužuje svoje nacionalno jelo.
10:35
It's called sheep's organs.
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Zove se: ovčije iznutrice.
10:37
It's delicious, it's nutritious,
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Ukusno je, hranljivo je,
10:39
and as I learned when I went to Kashgar,
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i kao što sam i naučio kada sam bio u Kašgaru,
10:41
it symbolizes their taboo against food waste.
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simboliše njihov tabu prema bacanju hrane.
10:44
I was sitting in a roadside cafe.
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Sedeo sam u drumskom kafiću.
10:46
A chef came to talk to me, I finished my bowl,
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Glavni kuvar je prišao da priča sa mnom,
završio sam sa jelom
završio sam sa jelom
10:49
and halfway through the conversation, he stopped talking
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i usred razgovora, prestao je da priča
10:51
and he started frowning into my bowl.
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i počeo da se mršti na moju činiju.
10:53
I thought, "My goodness, what taboo have I broken?
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Pomislio sam: "O, bože, kakav tabu sam prekršio?
10:55
How have I insulted my host?"
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Kako sam uvredio svog domaćina?"
10:57
He pointed at three grains of rice
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Uperio je na tri zrna pirinča
10:58
at the bottom of my bowl, and he said, "Clean." (Laughter)
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u mojoj činiji i rekao: "Pojedi." (Smeh)
11:03
I thought, "My God, you know, I go around the world
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Pomislio sam: "O, moj bože, putujem svetom
11:05
telling people to stop wasting food.
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govoreći ljudima da prestanu da bacaju hranu.
11:06
This guy has thrashed me at my own game." (Laughter)
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A ovaj lik me je potukao u mojoj vlastitoj igri." (Smeh)
11:11
But it gave me faith. It gave me faith that we, the people,
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Ali mi je to dalo nadu. Dalo mi je nadu da mi, ljudi,
11:14
do have the power to stop this tragic waste of resources
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zaista imamo moći da zaustavimo
ovo tragično rasipanje resursa,
ovo tragično rasipanje resursa,
11:19
if we regard it as socially unacceptable
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ako smatramo društveno neprihvatljivim
11:22
to waste food on a colossal scale,
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da bacamo hranu u kolosalnim razmerama,
11:23
if we make noise about it, tell corporations about it,
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ako se oglasimo o tome, kažemo korporacijama o tome,
11:26
tell governments we want to see an end to food waste,
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kažemo vladama da želimo da vidimo kraj bacanju hrane,
11:28
we do have the power to bring about that change.
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imamo moći da napravimo tu promenu.
11:31
Fish, 40 to 60 percent of European fish
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Ribe, 40 do 60 procenata evropskih riba
11:33
are discarded at sea, they don't even get landed.
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se odbacuju na moru, čak se i ne donesu na obalu.
11:37
In our homes, we've lost touch with food.
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U našim kućama, izgubili smo dodir sa hranom.
11:39
This is an experiment I did on three lettuces.
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Ovo je eksperiment koji sam uradio sa tri lista zelene salate.
11:42
Who keeps lettuces in their fridge?
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Ko drži zelenu salatu u frižideru?
11:45
Most people. The one on the left
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Većina ljudi. Ovaj na levoj strani
11:48
was kept in a fridge for 10 days.
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je čuvan u frižideru deset dana.
11:50
The one in the middle, on my kitchen table. Not much difference.
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Ovaj u sredini, na mom kuhinjskom stolu.
Nema mnogo razlike.
Nema mnogo razlike.
11:52
The one on the right I treated like cut flowers.
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Ovaj na desnoj strani sam čuvao kao cvet.
11:55
It's a living organism, cut the slice off,
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To je živi organizam, odsekao sam parče,
11:57
stuck it in a vase of water,
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stavio ga u vazu sa vodom
11:58
it was all right for another two weeks after this.
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i bila je sveža još dve nedelje posle ovoga.
12:02
Some food waste, as I said at the beginning,
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Ostaci hrane, kao što sam rekao na početku,
12:04
will inevitably arise, so the question is,
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će se neizbežno pojaviti, a pitanje je,
12:06
what is the best thing to do with it?
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šta je najbolje uraditi sa njima?
12:08
I answered that question when I was 15.
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Odgovorio sam na to pitanje kada sam imao 15 godina.
12:09
In fact, humans answered that question 6,000 years ago:
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U stvari, ljudi su odgovorili na to pitanje pre 6 000 godina:
12:15
We domesticated pigs
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pripitomili smo svinje
12:17
to turn food waste back into food.
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da pretvaraju ostatke hrane u hranu.
12:20
And yet, in Europe, that practice has become illegal
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A ipak, u Evropi, taj običaj je postao nezakonit
12:23
since 2001 as a result of the foot-and-mouth outbreak.
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2001. godine kao posledica izbijanja slinavka i šap bolesti.
12:27
It's unscientific. It's unnecessary.
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To je nenaučno. To je nepotrebno.
12:29
If you cook food for pigs, just as if
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Ako kuvate hranu za svinje, kao što
12:31
you cook food for humans, it is rendered safe.
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je kuvate za ljude, to se smatra bezbednim.
12:34
It's also a massive saving of resources.
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To je takođe masivna ušteda resursa.
12:37
At the moment, Europe depends on importing
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Trenutno, Evropa zavisi od uvoza
12:40
millions of tons of soy from South America,
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miliona tona soje iz Južne Amerike,
12:41
where its production contributes to global warming,
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gde njeno uzgajanje doprinosi globalnom zagrevanju,
12:44
to deforestation, to biodiversity loss,
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krčenju šuma i gubitku biodiverziteta,
12:47
to feed livestock here in Europe.
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kako bi nahranila stoku ovde u Evropi.
12:49
At the same time we throw away millions of tons
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Istovremeno, mi bacamo milione tona
12:52
of food waste which we could and should be feeding them.
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hrane kojom bismo mogli i kojom bi trebalo da se hranimo.
12:55
If we did that, and fed it to pigs, we would save
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Ako bismo to uradili i hranili svinje ostacima, sačuvali bismo
12:58
that amount of carbon.
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tu količinu ugljenika.
13:00
If we feed our food waste which is the current
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Ako tretiramo ostatke hrane načinom koji je trenutno
13:03
government favorite way of getting rid of food waste,
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omiljeni način vlada za rešavanje otpadaka hrane,
13:05
to anaerobic digestion, which turns food waste
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anaerobnim varenjem, koje pretvara ostatke hrane
13:08
into gas to produce electricity,
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u gas kako bi se proizvela struja,
13:11
you save a paltry 448 kilograms of carbon dioxide
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sačuva se tričavih 448 kilograma ugljen-dioksida
13:14
per ton of food waste. It's much better to feed it to pigs.
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po toni otpada. Mnogo je bolje nahraniti svinje.
13:17
We knew that during the war. (Laughter)
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To smo znali u vreme rata. (Osmeh)
13:20
A silver lining: It has kicked off globally,
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Zaključak: globalno se proširio,
13:24
the quest to tackle food waste.
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zadatak da izađemo na kraj sa ostacima hrane.
13:26
Feeding the 5,000 is an event I first organized in 2009.
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Hranjenje 5 000 je događaj koji sam
prvi put organizovao 2009. godine.
prvi put organizovao 2009. godine.
13:30
We fed 5,000 people all on food that otherwise
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Nahranili smo 5 000 ljudi hranom koja bi se
13:32
would have been wasted.
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inače bacila.
13:34
Since then, it's happened again in London,
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Od tada, događaj se ponovio u Londonu,
13:36
it's happening internationally, and across the country.
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dešava se širom sveta i širom države.
13:38
It's a way of organizations coming together
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To je način da se organizacije okupe
13:40
to celebrate food, to say the best thing to do with food
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kako bi proslavile hranu, da pokažu da je najbolja stvar
koju možemo uraditi sa hranom
koju možemo uraditi sa hranom
13:44
is to eat and enjoy it, and to stop wasting it.
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jednostavno da je pojedemo i uživamo i
da prestanemo da je bacamo.
da prestanemo da je bacamo.
13:47
For the sake of the planet we live on,
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Za dobrobit planete na kojoj živimo,
13:49
for the sake of our children,
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za dobrobit naše dece,
13:53
for the sake of all the other
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za dobrobit svih drugih
13:54
organisms that share our planet with us,
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organizama koji dele ovu planetu sa nama,
13:57
we are a terrestrial animal, and we depend on our land
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mi smo kopnene životinje i zavisimo od naše zemlje
14:00
for food. At the moment, we are trashing our land
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za hranu. Trenutno, mi uništavamo našu zemlju
14:02
to grow food that no one eats.
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da uzgajamo hranu koju niko ne jede.
14:05
Stop wasting food. Thank you very much. (Applause)
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Prestanite da bacate hranu. Mnogo vam hvala. (Aplauz)
14:08
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tristram Stuart - Author and ActivistTristram Stuart sounds the warning bell on global food waste, calling for us to change the systems whereby large quantities of produce and other foods end up in trash heaps.
Why you should listen
Western countries waste up to half of their food. This is an injustice Tristram Stuart has dedicated his career to fixing. In his newest book, Waste: Uncovering the Global Food Scandal, Tristram shows how changing the systems that result in food waste could be one of the simplest ways to reduce pressure on the environment.
The winner of the international environmental award The Sophie Prize in 2011, Tristram is the founder of Feeding the 5000, a consciousness raising campaign where 5000 members of the public are given a free lunch using only ingredients that otherwise would have been wasted. Held in Trafalgar Square in 2009 and 2011, the event has also been held internationally.
In addition, Tristram works with a range of NGOs, governments, and private enterprises to tackle the global food waste scandal.
Tristram Stuart | Speaker | TED.com