TED2004
Susan Savage-Rumbaugh: The gentle genius of bonobos
Suzan Sevidž-Rambo (Susan Savage-Rumbaugh): Nežni genijalac, bonobo
Filmed:
Readability: 4.1
2,759,598 views
Sevidž-Ramboin rad s majmunima bonobo, koji mogu da razumeju govorni jezik i mogu da nauče zadatke posmatranjem, tera publiku da razmotri koliko je ono što vrsta postiže određeno njenom biologijom - a koliko izloženošću kulturi.
Susan Savage-Rumbaugh - Primate authority
Susan Savage-Rumbaugh has made startling breakthroughs in her lifelong work with chimpanzees and bonobos, showing the animals to be adept in picking up language and other "intelligent" behaviors. Full bio
Susan Savage-Rumbaugh has made startling breakthroughs in her lifelong work with chimpanzees and bonobos, showing the animals to be adept in picking up language and other "intelligent" behaviors. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:25
I work with a species called "Bonobo."
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Radim s vrstom koja se zove bonobo.
00:28
And I'm happy most of the time,
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I gotovo da sam stalno srećna
00:30
because I think this is the happiest species on the planet.
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jer smatram da je ovo
najsrećnija vrsta na planeti.
najsrećnija vrsta na planeti.
00:33
It's kind of a well-kept secret.
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To je nekako dobro čuvana tajna.
00:36
This species lives only in the Congo.
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Vrsta živi samo u Kongu.
00:38
And they're not in too many zoos, because of their sexual behavior.
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Nema ih u mnogim zoo vrtovima
zbog njihovog seksualnog ponašanja.
zbog njihovog seksualnog ponašanja.
Njihovo seksualno opštenje
suviše liči ljudskom,
suviše liči ljudskom,
00:44
Their sexual behavior is too human-like
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00:46
for most of us to be comfortable with.
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pa nam je neprijatno.
00:48
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:49
But --
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Ali -
00:50
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:51
actually, we have a lot to learn from them, because they're a very
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zapravo, mnogo toga imamo
da naučimo od njih jer su oni
da naučimo od njih jer su oni
00:56
egalitarian society and they're a very empathetic society.
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egalitarno društvo
i veoma empatično društvo.
i veoma empatično društvo.
01:00
And sexual behavior is not confined to one aspect of their life
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A seksualno ponašanje nije rezervisano
za jedan aspekt njihovog života
za jedan aspekt njihovog života
01:04
that they sort of set aside.
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koji je izdvojen od ostalih.
01:07
It permeates their entire life.
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Ono prožima njihov celokupni život.
01:09
And it's used for communication.
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Koriste ga za komunikaciju.
01:12
And it's used for conflict resolution.
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Koriste ga za razrešavanje konflikata.
01:14
And I think perhaps somewhere in our history we sort of,
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Mislim da smo mi,
negde tokom naše istorije,
negde tokom naše istorije,
01:18
divided our lives up into lots of parts.
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nekako izdelili naše živote
na mnogo delova.
na mnogo delova.
01:21
We divided our world up with lots of categories.
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Izdelili smo naš svet na mnogo kategorija.
01:25
And so everything sort of has a place that it has to fit.
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I tako sve nekako ima svoje mesto
gde se uklapa.
gde se uklapa.
01:28
But I don't think that we were that way initially.
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Ali ne mislim da smo oduvek bili takvi.
01:32
There are many people who think that the animal world is hard-wired
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Mnogi misle
da je životinjski svet automatizovan
da je životinjski svet automatizovan
01:36
and that there's something very, very special about man.
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i da postoji nešto veoma,
veoma izuzetno kod čoveka.
veoma izuzetno kod čoveka.
01:40
Maybe it's his ability to have causal thought.
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Možda je to njegova sposobnost
razmišljanja o posledicama.
razmišljanja o posledicama.
01:44
Maybe it's something special in his brain
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Možda je to neka osobenost
u njegovom mozgu
u njegovom mozgu
01:47
that allows him to have language.
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koja mu omogućuje da razvije jezik.
01:49
Maybe it's something special in his brain
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Možda postoji nešto naročito
u njegovom mozgu
u njegovom mozgu
01:52
that allows him to make tools or to have mathematics.
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što mu omogućuje da pravi oruđa
ili da razvije matematiku.
ili da razvije matematiku.
01:57
Well, I don't know. There were Tasmanians who were discovered
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Pa, ne znam. Pronađeni su Tasmanijci
02:03
around the 1600s and they had no fire.
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oko 1600. i nisu imali vatru.
02:07
They had no stone tools.
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Nisu imali oruđa od kamena.
02:10
To our knowledge they had no music.
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Nije nam poznato da su imali muziku.
02:14
So when you compare them to the Bonobo,
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Kada ih uporedite s bonoboom,
02:19
the Bonobo is a little hairier.
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bonobo je malo dlakaviji.
02:21
He doesn't stand quite as upright.
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Ne stoji skroz uspravno.
02:26
But there are a lot of similarities.
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Ali ima mnogo sličnosti.
02:29
And I think that as we look at culture,
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Mislim da ćemo izučavajući kulturu,
02:33
we kind of come to understand
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nekako shvatiti
02:36
how we got to where we are.
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kako smo došli tu gde smo.
02:38
And I don't really think it's in our biology;
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Ne mislim da je odgovor u našoj biologiji;
02:41
I think we've attributed it to our biology,
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Mislim da smo to
pripisali našoj biologiji,
pripisali našoj biologiji,
02:43
but I don't really think it's there.
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ali ne mislim da je odgovor zaista tu.
02:46
So what I want to do now is introduce you
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Zato vas sad želim upoznati
02:48
to a species called the Bonobo.
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s vrstom zvanom bonobo.
02:52
This is Kanzi.
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Ovo je Kanzi.
02:54
He's a Bonobo.
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On je bonobo.
02:56
Right now, he's in a forest in Georgia.
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Trenutno je u šumi u Džordžiji.
02:59
His mother originally came from a forest in Africa.
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Njegova majka je poreklom
iz jedne afričke šume.
iz jedne afričke šume.
03:03
And she came to us when she was just at puberty,
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Stigla je kod nas
dok je još bila u pubertetu,
dok je još bila u pubertetu,
03:07
about six or seven years of age.
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imala je oko šest, sedam godina.
03:10
Now this shows a Bonobo on your right,
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Ovde imamo desno prikaz bonoboa,
03:12
and a chimpanzee on your left.
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a levo je šimpanza.
03:14
Clearly, the chimpanzee has a little bit harder time of walking.
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Očito je šimpanzi malo teže da hoda.
03:18
The Bonobo, although shorter than us and their arms still longer,
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Bonobo, iako je niži od nas
i ruke su mu duže,
i ruke su mu duže,
03:22
is more upright, just as we are.
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uspravljeniji je, baš kao mi.
03:26
This shows the Bonobo compared to an australopithecine like Lucy.
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Ovde imamo prikaz bonoboa u
poređenju s australopitekusom, nalik Lusi.
poređenju s australopitekusom, nalik Lusi.
03:31
As you can see, there's not a lot of difference
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Kao što možete da vidite,
nema bitne razlike
nema bitne razlike
03:34
between the way a Bonobo walks
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između toga kako bonobo hoda
03:36
and the way an early australopithecine would have walked.
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i kako su rani australopitekusi hodali.
03:40
As they turn toward us you'll see
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Kada se okrenu prema nama, videćete
03:42
that the pelvic area of early australopithecines is a little flatter
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da je karlični deo ranog australopitekusa
malo ravniji
malo ravniji
03:47
and doesn't have to rotate quite so much from side to side.
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i ne može da se okreće toliko
s jedne na drugu stranu.
s jedne na drugu stranu.
03:51
So the -- the bipedal gait is a little easier.
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Dakle, hodanje na dve noge je malo lakše.
03:53
And now we see all four.
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A sada vidimo sva četiri.
03:56
Video: Narrator: The wild Bonobo lives in central Africa, in the jungle
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Video: Narator: Divlji bonobo živi
u centralnoj Africi, u džungli
u centralnoj Africi, u džungli
04:00
encircled by the Congo River.
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koju okružuje reka Kongo.
04:05
Canopied trees as tall as 40 meters, 130 feet,
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Kupole od drveća,
visokog i do 40 metara, 130 stopa,
visokog i do 40 metara, 130 stopa,
04:09
grow densely in the area.
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rastu gusto u ovom području.
04:13
It was a Japanese scientist
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Japanski naučnik
04:16
who first undertook serious field studies of the Bonobo,
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je prvi započeo ozbiljna
terenska izučavanja bonoboa,
terenska izučavanja bonoboa,
04:20
almost three decades ago.
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pre skoro tri decenije.
04:26
Bonobos are built slightly smaller than the chimpanzee.
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Bonoboi su po građi
nešto niži od šimpanzi.
nešto niži od šimpanzi.
04:30
Slim-bodied, Bonobos are by nature very gentle creatures.
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Vitkih tela, bonoboi su po prirodi
veoma nežna stvorenja.
veoma nežna stvorenja.
04:36
Long and careful studies have reported many new findings on them.
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Opsežne i pažljive studije zabeležile su
mnogo novih otkrića o njima.
mnogo novih otkrića o njima.
04:43
One discovery was that wild Bonobos often walk bidpedally.
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Prema jednom istraživanju
divlji bonoboi često hodaju na dve noge.
divlji bonoboi često hodaju na dve noge.
04:55
What's more, they are able to walk upright for long distances.
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Štaviše, u stanju su da uspravnim hodom
pređu velike razdaljine.
pređu velike razdaljine.
Suzan Sevidž-Rambo (Video): Idemo, prvo
pozdravi Ostina, a onda idemo do znaka A.
pozdravi Ostina, a onda idemo do znaka A.
05:07
Susan Savage-Rumbaugh (video): Let's go say hello to Austin first and then go to the A frame.
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05:11
SS: This is Kanzi and I, in the forest.
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SS: Ovo smo Kanzi i ja u šumi.
05:13
None of the things you will see in this particular video are trained.
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Ništa što ćete da vidite u ovom videu
nije uvežbavano.
nije uvežbavano.
05:17
None of them are tricks.
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Nema trikova.
05:19
They all happened to be captured on film spontaneously,
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Sve je spontano snimljeno
05:22
by NHK of Japan.
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od strane japanskog javnog servisa (NHK).
05:25
We have eight Bonobos.
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Imamo osam bonoboa.
05:27
Video: Look at all this stuff that's here for our campfire.
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Video: Pogledaj šta sve imamo
za logorsku vatru.
za logorsku vatru.
05:30
SS: An entire family at our research centre.
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SS: Imamo čitavu porodicu
u istraživačkom centru.
u istraživačkom centru.
05:38
Video: You going to help get some sticks?
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Video: Pomoći ćeš mi da sakupimo grančice?
05:42
Good.
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Dobro.
05:47
We need more sticks, too.
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Potrebno nam je još grančica, takođe.
05:56
I have a lighter in my pocket if you need one.
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Imam upaljač u džepu, ako ti je potreban.
05:59
That's a wasps' nest.
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To je osinjak.
06:01
You can get it out.
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Možeš da ga izvadiš.
06:05
I hope I have a lighter.
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Nadam se da imam upaljač.
06:08
You can use the lighter to start the fire.
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Možeš da koristiš upaljač
da zapališ vatru.
da zapališ vatru.
06:12
SS: So Kanzi is very interested in fire.
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SS: Kanzi je veoma zainteresovan za vatru.
06:14
He doesn't do it yet without a lighter,
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Ne zna još uvek da je zapali bez upaljača,
06:17
but I think if he saw someone do it, he might be able to do --
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ali mislim da, kad bi video nekoga
da to radi, naučio bi
da to radi, naučio bi
06:21
make a fire without a lighter.
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da zapali vatru bez upaljača.
Uči kako da održava vatru.
06:25
He's learning about how to keep a fire going.
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06:28
He's learning the uses for a fire,
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Uči kako da koristi vatru,
06:31
just by watching what we do with fire.
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tako što posmatra šta mi radimo s vatrom.
06:34
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:43
This is a smile on the face of a Bonobo.
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Ovo je osmeh na licu bonoboa.
06:45
These are happy vocalizations.
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Ovo su vokalizacije za sreću.
06:47
Video: You're happy.
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Video: Srećan si.
06:49
You're very happy about this part.
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Ovaj deo te veoma raduje.
06:51
You've got to put some water on the fire. You see the water?
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Moraš da pospeš vodu po vatri.
Da li vidiš vodu?
Da li vidiš vodu?
07:00
Good job.
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Odlično.
07:03
SS: Forgot to zip up the back half of his backpack.
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SS: Zaboravio je da zakopča
ruksak do kraja.
ruksak do kraja.
07:07
But he likes to carry things from place to place.
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Ali on voli da prenosi stvari.
Video: Ostin, čujem da izgovaraš "Ostin".
07:10
Video: Austin, I hear you saying "Austin."
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07:12
SS: He talks to other Bonobos at the lab, long-distance,
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SS: Razgovara s bonoboima u laboratoriji,
na daljinu
na daljinu
07:15
farther than we can hear.
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daleko od našeg slušnog polja.
07:18
This is his sister.
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Ovo je njegova sestra.
Ovo je njen prvi pokušaj
vožnje auta za golf.
vožnje auta za golf.
07:20
This is her first time to try to drive a golf cart.
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07:25
Video: Goodbye.
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Video: Doviđenja.
07:27
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:29
SS: She's got the pedals down, but not the wheel.
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SS: Savladala je pedale, ali ne i volan.
07:37
She switches from reverse to forward
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Prebacuje iz rikverca u napred
07:40
and she holds onto the wheel, rather than turns it.
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i drži se za volan,
umesto da njime upravlja.
umesto da njime upravlja.
07:42
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:45
Like us, she knows that that individual in the mirror is her.
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Poput nas, ona zna
da je ona ta osoba u ogledalu.
da je ona ta osoba u ogledalu.
07:50
(Music)
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(Muzika)
07:54
Video: Narrator: By raising Bonobos in a culture that is both Bonobo and human,
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Video: Narator: Podižući bonoboe u kulturi
koja je i ljudska i njihova,
koja je i ljudska i njihova,
07:59
and documenting their development across two decades,
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i beležeći njihov razvoj
tokom dve decenije,
tokom dve decenije,
08:03
scientists are exploring how cultural forces
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naučnici istražuju kako su
kulturološke sile
kulturološke sile
08:06
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:07
may have operated during human evolution.
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možda funkcionisale
tokom ljudske evolucije.
tokom ljudske evolucije.
08:12
His name is Nyota.
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On se zove Njota.
08:14
It means "star" in Swahili.
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To znači "zvezda" na svahiliju.
08:16
(Music)
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(Muzika)
08:26
Panbanisha is trying to give Nyota a haircut with a pair of scissors.
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Panbaniša pokušava da ošiša Njotu
uz pomoć makaza.
uz pomoć makaza.
08:32
In the wild, the parent Bonobo is known to groom its offspring.
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U divljini, bonobo roditelji
timare svoje potomke.
timare svoje potomke.
08:37
Here Panbanisha uses scissors, instead of her hands,
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Ovde Panbaniša koristi makaze,
umesto ruku
umesto ruku
08:41
to groom Nyota.
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da istimari Njotu.
08:45
Very impressive.
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Izuzetno impresivno.
08:51
Subtle maneuvering of the hands is required
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Potrebni su prefinjeni pokreti ruku
08:54
to perform delicate tasks like this.
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da bi se izveo ovako delikatan zadatak.
09:06
Nyota tries to imitate Panbanisha by using the scissors himself.
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Njota pokušava da oponaša Panbanišu,
tako što sam koristi makaze.
tako što sam koristi makaze.
09:13
Realizing that Nyota might get hurt,
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Shvativši da bi se Njota mogao povrediti,
09:16
Panbanisha, like any human mother,
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Panbaniša, kao i svaka ljudska majka,
09:18
carefully tugs to get the scissors back.
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pažljivo vuče, kako bi oduzela makaze.
09:37
He can now cut through tough animal hide.
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On sad može da seče
čvrsto životinjsko krzno.
čvrsto životinjsko krzno.
SS: Kanzi je naučio da pravi
oruđe od kamena.
oruđe od kamena.
09:41
SS: Kanzi's learned to make stone tools.
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Video: Kanzi pravi oruđe
09:43
Video: Kanzi now makes his tools,
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09:44
just as our ancestors may have made them,
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baš kao što su ih naši preci možda pravili
09:46
two-and-a-half million years ago --
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pre dva i po miliona godina -
09:48
by holding the rocks in both hands, to strike one against the other.
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držeći kamenje u obe ruke
i udarajući jedan o drugi.
i udarajući jedan o drugi.
09:53
He has learned that by using both hands
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Naučio je da, koristeći obe ruke
09:56
and aiming his glancing blows,
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i ciljajući pod oštrim uglom,
09:58
he can make much larger, sharper flakes.
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može da napravi mnogo veće
i oštrije pločice.
i oštrije pločice.
10:02
Kanzi chooses a flake he thinks is sharp enough.
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Kanzi bira pločicu za koju misli
da je dovoljno oštra.
da je dovoljno oštra.
10:10
The tough hide is difficult to cut, even with a knife.
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Čvrsto krzno je teško rezati, čak i nožem.
10:14
The rock that Kanzi is using is extremely hard
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Kamen koji Kanzi koristi je veoma čvrst
10:17
and ideal for stone tool making, but difficult to handle,
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i savršen je za pravljenje oruđa
od kamena, ali je težak za korišćenje,
od kamena, ali je težak za korišćenje,
10:21
requiring great skill.
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zahteva mnogo umešnosti.
10:23
Kanzi's rock is from Gona, Ethiopia
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Kanzijev kamen je iz Gone, u Etiopiji,
10:25
and is identical to that used by our African ancestors
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i identičan je onom
kojeg su koristili naši afrički preci
kojeg su koristili naši afrički preci
10:29
two-and-a-half million years ago.
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pre dva i po miliona godina.
10:34
These are the rocks Kanzi used
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Ovo je kamenje koje je Kanzi koristio,
10:37
and these are the flakes he made.
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a ovo su pločice koje je napravio.
10:39
The flat sharp edges are like knife blades.
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Ravne, oštre ivice su poput oštrica noža.
10:44
Compare them to the tools our ancestors used;
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Uporedite ih s oruđem
koje su naši preci koristili;
koje su naši preci koristili;
10:47
they bear a striking resemblance to Kanzi's.
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sličnost s Kanzijevim oruđem
je zapanjujuća.
je zapanjujuća.
11:00
Panbanisha is longing to go for a walk in the woods.
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Panbaniša čezne za šetnjom po šumi.
11:03
She keeps staring out the window.
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Stalno zuri kroz prozor.
11:08
SS: This is -- let me show you something we didn't think they would do.
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SS: Dozvolite da vam pokažem
nešto što nismo znali da mogu.
nešto što nismo znali da mogu.
11:11
Video: For several days now, Panbanisha has not been outside.
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Video: Već nekoliko dana
Panbaniša nije bila napolju.
Panbaniša nije bila napolju.
11:17
SS: I normally talk about language.
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SS: Ja obično govorim o jeziku.
11:19
Video: Then Panbanisha does something unexpected.
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Video: A onda je Panbaniša
uradila nešto neočekivano.
uradila nešto neočekivano.
11:22
SS: But since I'm advised not to do what I normally do,
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SS: Ali kako su mi savetovali
da ne radim što i obično,
da ne radim što i obično,
11:25
I haven't told you that these apes have language.
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nisam vam rekla
da ovi majmuni imaju jezik.
da ovi majmuni imaju jezik.
11:27
It's a geometric language.
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To je geometrijski jezik.
Video: Uzima komad krede
11:29
Video: She takes a piece of chalk
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11:30
and begins writing something on the floor.
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i počinje da piše nešto na podu.
11:32
What is she writing?
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Šta to ona piše?
11:40
SS: She's also saying the name of that, with her voice.
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SS: Takođe izgovara
ime toga, svojim glasom.
ime toga, svojim glasom.
11:44
Video: Now she comes up to Dr. Sue and starts writing again.
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Video: Sada prilazi dr Sju
i počinje ponovo da piše.
i počinje ponovo da piše.
11:47
SS: These are her symbols on her keyboard.
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SS: Ovo su simboli na njenoj tastaturi.
11:50
(Music)
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(Muzika)
11:51
They speak when she touches them.
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Govore kada ih dotakne.
11:53
Video: Panbanisha is communicating to Dr. Sue where she wants to go.
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Video: Panbaniša saopštava dr Sju
kuda želi da ide.
kuda želi da ide.
11:56
"A frame" represents a hut in the woods.
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"A znak" predstavlja kolibu u šumi.
12:00
Compare the chalk writing with the lexigram on the keyboard.
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Uporedite crtež kredom
sa leksigramom na tastaturi.
sa leksigramom na tastaturi.
12:14
Panbanisha began writing the lexigrams on the forest floor.
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Panbaniša je počela da ispisuje
leksigrame na šumskom podu.
leksigrame na šumskom podu.
12:20
SS (video): Very nice. Beautiful, Panbanisha.
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SS (Video): Veoma dobro. Divno, Panbaniša.
12:24
SS: At first we didn't really realize what she was doing,
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SS: U početku,
nismo shvatali šta to ona radi,
nismo shvatali šta to ona radi,
12:27
until we stood back and looked at it and rotated it.
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dok se nismo udaljili,
pogledali i zarotirali crtež.
pogledali i zarotirali crtež.
Video: Leksigram se takođe odnosi
na mesto u šumi.
na mesto u šumi.
12:30
Video: This lexigram also refers to a place in the woods.
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12:32
The curved line is very similar to the lexigram.
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Zakrivljena linija
je veoma slična lekigramu.
je veoma slična lekigramu.
12:39
The next symbol Panbanisha writes represents "collar."
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Sledeći simbol koji Panbaniša crta,
predstavlja "ogrlicu".
predstavlja "ogrlicu".
12:43
It indicates the collar that Panbanisha must wear when she goes out.
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Označava ogrlicu koju Panbaniša
mora da nosi kad izlazi napolje.
mora da nosi kad izlazi napolje.
12:47
SS: That's an institutional requirement.
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SS: To je zahtev institucije.
12:50
Video: This symbol is not as clear as the others,
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Video: Ovaj simbol nije jasan kao drugi,
12:53
but one can see Panbanisha is trying to produce a curved line
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ali je jasno da Panbaniša pokušava
da izvede zakrivljenu liniju
da izvede zakrivljenu liniju
12:58
and several straight lines.
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i nekoliko pravih.
13:00
Researchers began to record what Panbanisha said,
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Istraživači su počeli da beleže
šta Panbaniša govori,
šta Panbaniša govori,
13:04
by writing lexigrams on the floor with chalk.
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pišući kredom leksigrame na podu.
13:08
Panbanisha watched.
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Panbaniša je posmatrala.
13:10
Soon she began to write as well.
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Uskoro je počela i sama da piše.
13:14
The Bonobo's abilities have stunned scientists around the world.
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Sposobnosti bonoboa
su zapanjile naučnike širom sveta.
su zapanjile naučnike širom sveta.
13:18
How did they develop?
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Kako su se razvili?
13:20
SS (video): We found that the most important thing
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SS (video): Otkrili smo da je najvažnije
13:22
for permitting Bonobos to acquire language is not to teach them.
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da bi bonoboi naučili jezik,
da ih ne učimo tome.
da ih ne učimo tome.
13:27
It's simply to use language around them,
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Već da prosto koristimo jezik
u njihovoj blizini
u njihovoj blizini
13:30
because the driving force in language acquisition
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jer ono što nas nagoni da usvojimo jezik
13:33
is to understand what others, that are important to you, are saying to you.
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jeste razumevanje šta nam drugi,
do kojih nam je stalo, govore.
do kojih nam je stalo, govore.
13:38
Once you have that capacity,
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Čim posedujete taj kapacitet,
13:40
the ability to produce language
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sposobnost da proizvedete jezik
13:43
comes rather naturally and rather freely.
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dolazi krajnje prirodno
i krajnje slobodno.
i krajnje slobodno.
13:47
So we want to create an environment in which Bonobos,
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Zato želimo da stvorimo okruženje
u kome bonoboi,
u kome bonoboi,
13:50
like all of the individuals with whom they are interacting --
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kao i svi pojedinci
s kojima su u kontaktu -
s kojima su u kontaktu -
13:54
we want to create an environment in which they have fun,
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želimo da stvorimo okruženje
u kom mogu da se zabavljaju
u kom mogu da se zabavljaju
13:57
and an environment in which the others
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i okruženje u kom su drugi
13:59
are meaningful individuals for them.
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za njih značajni pojedinci.
14:04
Narrator: This environment brings out unexpected potential
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Narator: Ovo okruženje oslobađa
neočekivani potencijal
neočekivani potencijal
14:07
in Kanzi and Panbanisha.
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kod Kanzija i Panbaniše.
14:17
Panbanisha is enjoying playing her harmonica,
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Panbaniša voli da svira
svoju usnu harmoniku,
svoju usnu harmoniku,
14:21
until Nyota, now one year old, steals it.
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sve dok joj je ne ukrade Njota,
koji je sada star jednu godinu.
koji je sada star jednu godinu.
14:25
Then he peers eagerly into his mother's mouth.
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Onda željno pilji u majčina usta.
14:29
Is he looking for where the sound came from?
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Da li on to traži izvor zvuka?
14:32
Dr. Sue thinks it's important to allow such curiosity to flourish.
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Dr Sju smatra da je važno
dozvoliti ovakvoj znatiželjnosti da cveta.
dozvoliti ovakvoj znatiželjnosti da cveta.
14:47
This time Panbanisha is playing the electric piano.
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Sada Panbaniša svira klavijaturu.
14:50
She wasn't forced to learn the piano;
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Niko je nije terao
da nauči da svira klavijaturu;
da nauči da svira klavijaturu;
14:53
she saw a researcher play the instrument and took an interest.
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videla je da istraživač
svira instrument i zainteresovala se.
svira instrument i zainteresovala se.
Istraživač: Nastavi. Nastavi. Slušam.
15:25
Researcher: Go ahead. Go ahead. I'm listening.
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15:29
Do that real fast part that you did. Yeah, that part.
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Odsviraj onaj veoma brzi deo kao malopre.
Da, taj deo.
Da, taj deo.
15:36
Narrator: Kanzi plays the xylophone;
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Narator: Kanzi svira ksilofon;
15:38
using both hands he enthusiastically accompanies Dr. Sue's singing.
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koristeći obe ruke oduševljeno
prati dok dr Sju peva.
prati dok dr Sju peva.
15:44
Kanzi and Panbanisha
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Kanzi i Panbaniša
15:45
are stimulated by this fun-filled environment,
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su podstaknuti ovim okruženjem
ispunjenim zabavom,
ispunjenim zabavom,
15:48
which promotes the emergence of these cultural capabilities.
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koje podstiče nastanak
ovih kulturnih sposobnosti.
ovih kulturnih sposobnosti.
(Smeh)
15:56
(Laughter)
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16:06
Researcher: OK, now get the monsters. Get them.
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Istraživač: U redu, sad sredi čudovišta.
Sredi ih.
Sredi ih.
16:09
Take the cherries too.
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Pokupi i višnje.
16:12
Now watch out, stay away from them now.
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Sad pazi, drži se, za sad,
podalje od njih.
podalje od njih.
16:16
Now you can chase them again. Time to chase them.
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Sad možeš ponovo da ih juriš.
Vreme je da ih pojuriš.
Vreme je da ih pojuriš.
16:23
Now you have to stay away. Get away.
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Sad moraš da pobegneš. Beži.
16:26
Run away. Run.
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Beži. Trči.
16:29
Now we can chase them again. Go get them.
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Sad možemo ponovo da ih jurimo. Sredi ih.
16:35
Oh no!
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O, ne!
16:37
Good Kanzi. Very good. Thank you so much.
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Dobro, Kanzi. Veoma dobro. Mnogo ti hvala.
16:44
Narrator: None of us, Bonobo or human, can possibly even imagine?
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Narator: Niko od nas, ni bonobo, ni ljudi,
ne mogu uopšte da zamisle?
ne mogu uopšte da zamisle?
16:57
SS: So we have a bi-species environment, we call it a "panhomoculture."
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SS: Dakle imamo okruženje s dve vrste,
zovemo to "panhomokulturom".
zovemo to "panhomokulturom".
17:04
We're learning how to become like them.
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Učimo kako da budemo kao oni.
17:06
We're learning how to communicate with them,
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Učimo kako da komuniciramo s njima,
17:08
in really high-pitched tones.
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u zaista visokim tonovima.
17:10
We're learning that they probably have a language in the wild.
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Saznajemo da
verovatno poseduju jezik u divljini.
verovatno poseduju jezik u divljini.
17:14
And they're learning to become like us.
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A oni uče da postanu kao mi.
17:16
Because we believe that it's not biology; it's culture.
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Jer mi verujemo da je to stvar,
ne biologije, već kulture.
ne biologije, već kulture.
17:19
So we're sharing tools and technology and language
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Zato delimo oruđe i tehnologiju i jezik
17:23
with another species.
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s drugom vrstom.
17:25
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Susan Savage-Rumbaugh - Primate authoritySusan Savage-Rumbaugh has made startling breakthroughs in her lifelong work with chimpanzees and bonobos, showing the animals to be adept in picking up language and other "intelligent" behaviors.
Why you should listen
Into the great debate over intelligence and instinct -- over what makes us human -- Susan Savage-Rumbaugh has thrown a monkey wrench. Her work with apes has forced a new way of looking at what traits are truly and distinctly human, and new questions about whether some abilities we attribute to "species" are in fact due to an animal's social environment. She believes culture and tradition, in many cases more than biology, can account for differences between humans and other primates.
Her bonobo apes, including a superstar named Kanzi, understand spoken English, interact, and have learned to execute tasks once believed limited to humans -- such as starting and controlling a fire. They aren't trained in classic human-animal fashion. Like human children, the apes learn by watching. "Parents really don't know how they teach their children language," she has said. "Why should I have to know how I teach Kanzi language? I just act normal around him, and he learns it."
Her latest book is Kanzi's Primal Language: The Cultural Initiation of Primates into Language.
Also, in 2011, she was named one of TIME's 100 Most Influential People.
Susan Savage-Rumbaugh | Speaker | TED.com