TED2018
Caroline Harper: What if we eliminated one of the world's oldest diseases?
Caroline Harper: Inakuwaje kama tukiondoa moja ya magonjwa kongwe duniani?
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Trakoma ni ugonjwa wa macho wenye maumivu ambao husababisha upofu. Umekuwepo kwa takribani maelfu ya miaka, na karibuni watu milioni 200 duniani wapo katika hatari ya ugonjwa huu. Kinachoudhi ni kwamba, anasema Caroline Harper, unaweza kutibika kabisa. Akiwa na taarifa za kutosha kutoka mradi wa ramani ya sehemu zenye trakoma, taasisi yake ya Sightsavers wana mpango: kuweka juhudi katika nchi ambazo zina fedha za kuondoa tatizo -- na kuweka mkazo wa juhudi zaidi pia katika nchi ambazo zina mahitaji makubwa. Lengo: kuufanya ugonjwa ubaki kuwa historia katika vitabu tu. Mradi huu imara ni moja ya mawazo ya Audacious Project, mpango mpya wa TED wa kuhamasisha mabadiliko ya kiulimwengu.
Caroline Harper - Advocate for visually impaired people
At Sightsavers, an international NGO, Caroline Harper leads efforts to eliminate avoidable blindness around the world and fight for equal rights. Full bio
At Sightsavers, an international NGO, Caroline Harper leads efforts to eliminate avoidable blindness around the world and fight for equal rights. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I'd like you to imagine,
just for a moment,
just for a moment,
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Ningependa utafakari, kwa muda mfupi,
00:16
that your eyelashes grew inwards
instead of outwards,
instead of outwards,
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Kuwa kope zako zinakua kuingia ndani badala ya nje,
00:21
so that every time you blinked,
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Kwa hiyo kila wakati ukipepesa macho,
00:24
they would scrape
the front of your eyeballs,
the front of your eyeballs,
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Zinakwaruza mtoto wa jicho
00:27
damaging the corneas,
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zikiharibu chamba cha jicho
00:28
so that slowly and painfully,
you went blind.
you went blind.
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Kwa hiyo taratibu na kwa maumivu makali unakuwa kipofu.
00:33
Well, that's what happens
to a person who has trachoma.
to a person who has trachoma.
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Hivyo ndivyo inavyotokea kwa mtu mwenye ugonjwa wa trakoma
00:37
Now, this little boy here, Pamelo,
from Zambia, he has trachoma.
from Zambia, he has trachoma.
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Huyu mvulana hapa, Pamelo kutoka Zambia ana trakoma
00:42
And if we don't do anything,
he's going to go blind.
he's going to go blind.
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Kama hatutafanya chochote, atakuwa kipofu
00:46
Trachoma is a curious disease.
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Trakoma ni ugonjwa unaotibika
00:48
It's a bacterial infection
that's passed from person to person
that's passed from person to person
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Ni maambukizi ya bakteria yanayotoka kwa mtu mmoja kwenda kwa mwingine
00:53
and by flies.
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yanayosambazwa na nzi.
00:55
The repeated infection
will scar your eyelids
will scar your eyelids
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Maambukizi ya mara kwa mara yanasababisha makovu katika kope zako
00:58
so that they contract
and they turn inside out.
and they turn inside out.
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inasababisha kusinyaa na kope kugeuka ndani nje.
01:03
It particularly affects women,
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Huathiri sana wanawake.
01:05
because they have
the contact with children.
the contact with children.
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kwa sababu wanagusana na watoto.
01:08
So what you'll often see
in places like Ethiopia
in places like Ethiopia
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Kwa hiyo utachokiona katika sehemu kama Ethiopia
01:12
are girls who have tweezers
like this around their necks,
like this around their necks,
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ni wasichana walio na koleo kama hii katika shingo zao,
01:16
and they use them
to pluck out their eyelashes.
to pluck out their eyelashes.
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na wanazitumia kuchomoa kope zao.
01:20
But of course, that only gives them
temporary respite,
temporary respite,
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Lakini hata hivyo, inawapa nafuu ya muda mfupi tu,
01:23
because they just grow back
more vicious than before.
more vicious than before.
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kwa sababu zinakuwa tena kwa kasi ya haraka sana kuliko mwanzo.
01:27
There are around two million
people in the world
people in the world
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Kuna watu takribani milioni mbili duniani
01:31
who are blind or visually impaired
because of trachoma.
because of trachoma.
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ambao ni wapofu au wana uono hafifu kwa sababu ya trakoma.
01:35
And we believe there may be
as many as 200 million people
as many as 200 million people
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Na tunaamini wanaweza kuwepo wengi zaidi hadi watu milioni 200
01:39
who are at risk.
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ambao wapo katika hatari.
01:41
Now, it's a very old disease.
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Sasa, ni ugonjwa mkongwe sana.
01:44
What you can see is a photo
of a wall of a tomb in Northern Sudan.
of a wall of a tomb in Northern Sudan.
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Unachoona ni picha ya ukuta wa kaburi huko Sudani Kaskazini.
01:49
A colleague and I were traveling
in a very remote village,
in a very remote village,
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Mimi na rafiki tulikuwa tukisafiri vijiji vya mbali,
01:52
and we asked an old man
to take us down into a little tomb.
to take us down into a little tomb.
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na tukamuomba mzee mmoja kutupeleka kwenye kaburi dogo.
01:56
Now, on the wall, we saw two eyes.
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Sasa, kwenye ukuta, tuliona macho mawili.
01:59
One is crying,
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Moja likitoa machozi,
02:01
and you can see
there are tweezers next to it.
there are tweezers next to it.
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na unaweza kuona kuna koleo pembeni yake.
02:04
Simon said to me, "My God,
do you think that's trachoma?"
do you think that's trachoma?"
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Simon aliniambia, "Mungu wangu, unadhani hiyo ni trakoma?"
02:08
So we sent this picture
to the British Museum,
to the British Museum,
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Kwa hiyo tuliituma hii picha kwenye makumbusho ya Uingereza,
02:11
and they confirmed that, yes,
this is trachoma.
this is trachoma.
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na walithibitisha kwamba, ndiyo, hii ni trakoma.
02:14
So, thousands of years ago,
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Hivyo, maelfu ya miaka iliyopita,
02:17
the ancient Nubians
were painting pictures of trachoma
were painting pictures of trachoma
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wana wa kale wa Kinubia walikuwa wakichora picha za trakoma
02:21
on the walls of their tomb.
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kwenye kuta za makaburi yao.
02:22
And the tragedy is
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Na cha kuhuzunisha ni
02:24
that disease is still rampant
in that area today.
in that area today.
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kwamba ugonjwa huu bado unaathiri eneo hilo mpaka leo.
02:28
And the crazy thing is,
we know how to stop it.
we know how to stop it.
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Na jambo linaloudhi ni, tunajua namna ya kuzuia ugonjwa.
02:33
And what's great is that the trachoma
community have all come together
community have all come together
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Na jambo zuri ni kwamba jamii zote zenye tatizo la trakoma zimeungana pamoja
02:38
to pool their efforts.
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kushirikisha juhudi zao.
02:40
We don't compete; we collaborate.
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Hatushindani; tunashirikiana.
02:43
I have to tell you,
that's not always the case
that's not always the case
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Nataka nikwambie, sio suala muda wote
02:45
in my experience in the NGO world.
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katika uzoefu wangu wa dunia ya taasisi zisizo za kiserikali.
02:50
We've created something
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Tumeunda taasisi
02:51
called the International Coalition
for Trachoma Control.
for Trachoma Control.
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inaitwa International Coalition for Trachoma Control.(Muungano wa Kimataifa wa Kuzuia Trakoma)
02:56
And together, we've developed
a strategy to fight it.
a strategy to fight it.
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Na pamoja, tumeweka mkakati wa kupambana na trakoma.
03:00
This strategy is called the SAFE strategy,
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Huuna mkakati unaitwa mkakati wa SAFE,
03:03
and it's been approved
by the World Health Organization.
by the World Health Organization.
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na umethibitishwa na Shirika la Afya Duniani.
03:07
The "S" stands for "surgery."
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"S" inamaanisha "surgery"(upasuaji)
03:10
It's very straightforward procedure
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Ni utaratibu rahisi wa mara moja
03:12
to turn the eyelids back the right way.
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kurekebisha kope katika hali yake ya kawaida.
03:15
We train nurses to do it,
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Tunawafundisha manesi kufanya huu upasuaji,
03:17
and they use local anesthetics.
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na wanatumia ganzi za kawaida.
03:19
And as you can see, you can do it
in somebody's front porch, if need be.
in somebody's front porch, if need be.
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Na kama unavyoweza kuona, unaweza ukaufanyia kwenye kibaraza cha mwenye nyumba, kama inahitajika.
03:24
Then "A" stands for "antibiotics."
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Kisha "A" inamaanisha "antibiotics"(dawa viuavijasumu).
03:27
These are donated by Pfizer,
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Hizi zinatolewa kama msaada na Pfizer,
03:30
who also pay for those drugs
to be transported to the port in-country.
to be transported to the port in-country.
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ambae analipia kwa ajili ya kusafirisha hizo dawa kwenye bandari ya nchi husika.
03:35
From there, they're taken to the villages,
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Kutokea pale, zinapelekwa vijijini,
03:39
where hundreds of thousands
of community volunteers
of community volunteers
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ambapo mamia ya maelfu ya wanajamii wanaojitolea
03:43
will distribute those drugs to the people.
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husambaza dawa hizo kwa watu.
03:47
Now, we train those volunteers,
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Sasa, huwa tunawafundisha wanaojitolea,
03:50
and we also help the ministries
with all that complex logistics.
with all that complex logistics.
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na pia tunasaidia wizara katika namna nzima ya kuendesha zoezi.
03:54
And every one of those volunteers
has a pole like this.
has a pole like this.
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Na kila mtu anaejitolea ana mlingoti kama huu.
04:00
It's called a "dose pole."
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Unaitwa "mlingoti wa tiba."
04:02
This one's from Cameroon.
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Huu umetokea Cameroon.
04:04
And you can see it's marked
different colors,
different colors,
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Na unaweza kuona umewekewa alama zenye rangi mbalimbali,
04:07
and you can tell how many pills
you should give somebody,
you should give somebody,
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na unaweza jua ni vidonge vingapi unaweza mpatia mgonjwa.
04:10
based on how tall they are.
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kulingana na kimo chao.
04:14
"F" stands for "face washing."
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"F" inamaanisha "face washing"(kuosha uso).
04:17
Now, we used to have trachoma
in the UK and in the US.
in the UK and in the US.
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Sasa, tuliwahi kuwa na trakoma katika nchi za Marekani na Uingereza.
04:21
In fact, President Carter,
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Katika uhalisia, Rais Carter,
04:23
he talks about how trachoma
was a real problem in Georgia
was a real problem in Georgia
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anaongelea namna gani trakoma ilikuwa ni tatizo kubwa maeneo ya Georgia
04:27
when he was a little boy.
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alipokuwa mdogo.
04:29
And in the UK, the famous
eye hospital, Moorfields,
eye hospital, Moorfields,
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Na Uingereza, hospitali maarufu ya macho, Moorfields,
04:33
was originally a trachoma hospital.
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hapo mwanzo ilikuwa ni hospitali ya trakoma.
04:36
What we do is teach kids like this
how important it is to wash their faces.
how important it is to wash their faces.
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Tunachofanya ni kufundisha watoto kwamba ni muhimu kuosha nyuso zao.
04:42
And finally, "E" stands for "environment,"
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Na mwisho, "E" inamaanisha "environment"(mazingira),
04:46
where we help the communities
build latrines,
build latrines,
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ambapo tunasaidia jamii kujenga vyoo,
04:48
and we teach them to separate
their animals from their living quarters
their animals from their living quarters
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na tunawafundisha kuwatenganisha wanyama wao mbali na nyumba wanapoishi
04:52
in order to reduce the fly population.
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kwa ajili ya kupunguza mazalia ya nzi.
04:56
So we know how to tackle the disease.
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Kwa hiyo tunafahamu namna ya kuushinda ugonjwa.
04:59
But we need to know where it is.
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Lakini tunahitaji kujua upo wapi.
05:01
And we do,
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Na tunafahamu,
05:03
because a few years ago,
Sightsavers led an incredible program
Sightsavers led an incredible program
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Kwa sababu miaka michache iliyopita, taasisi ya Sightsavers waliongoza zoezi bora sana
05:07
called the Global Trachoma
Mapping Project.
Mapping Project.
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liitwalo the Global Trachoma Mapping Project(Ramani ya Dunia ya Trakoma).
05:11
It took us three years,
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Ilituchukua miaka mitatu,
05:13
but we went through 29 countries,
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na tulitembea katika nchi 29,
05:16
and we taught local health workers
to go district by district,
to go district by district,
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na tuliwafundisha watumishi wa afya kutembelea wilaya baada ya wilaya,
05:21
and they examined the eyelids
of over two and a half million people.
of over two and a half million people.
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na walichunguza kope za watu zaidi ya milioni mbili na nusu,
05:27
And they used Android phones
in order to download the data.
in order to download the data.
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na walitumia simu za Android kwa ajili ya kupakua taarifa.
05:31
And from that, we were able to build a map
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Na kuanzia hapo, tuliweza kutengeneza ramani
05:34
that showed us where the disease was.
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inayoonyesha wapi ugonjwa ulipo.
05:37
Now, this is a very high-level map
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Sasa, hii ni ramani ya ngazi ya juu
05:39
that shows you which countries
had a problem with trachoma.
had a problem with trachoma.
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ambayo inaonyesha nchi gani zina tatizo la trakoma.
05:43
And you may ask me,
"Well, does this strategy actually work?"
"Well, does this strategy actually work?"
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Na unaweza kuniuliza, "Sasa, mkakati huu unafanya kazi kweli?"
05:47
Yes, it does.
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Ndiyo, unafanya kazi.
05:49
This map shows you the progress
that we've made to date.
that we've made to date.
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Hii ramani inaonyesha hatua tulizopiga mpaka sasa.
05:52
The green countries believe
they've already eliminated trachoma,
they've already eliminated trachoma,
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Nchi za kijani zinaamini kwamba zimeshaondoa trakoma,
05:56
and they have either been through
or are in the process of
or are in the process of
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na washapata au wapo katika hatua za
05:59
having that validated by the WHO.
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kupata uthibitisho wa kutokomeza ugonjwa toka kwa WHO.
06:02
Countries in yellow
have the money they need,
have the money they need,
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Nchi za njano wana fedha wanazohitaji,
06:05
they have the resources
to eliminate trachoma.
to eliminate trachoma.
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wana rasilimali kwa ajili ya kuondoa trakoma.
06:08
And some of them are really nearly there.
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Na baadhi ya wanakaribia
06:11
But the red countries,
they don't have enough funding.
they don't have enough funding.
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Lakini nchi nyekundu, hawana fedha za kutosha.
06:14
They cannot eliminate trachoma
unless they get more.
unless they get more.
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Hawawezi kuondoa trakoma kama wasipopata fedha zaidi.
06:18
And we're quite concerned, though,
that the progress to date may stall.
that the progress to date may stall.
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Na tunaona kwamba unatuhusu, ingawa, muendelezo umekwama mpaka sasa.
06:23
So when we were talking
to the Audacious ideas guys,
to the Audacious ideas guys,
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Kwa hiyo tulivyokuwa tukiongelea kuhusu mradi wa Audacious,
06:28
we asked ourselves:
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tulijiuliza maswali:
06:30
If we really, really pushed ourselves
over the next four or five years
over the next four or five years
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Kama kweli, tukiweza kujisukuma ndani ya miaka minne au mitano ijayo
06:34
and we had the money,
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na tukawa na fedha,
06:36
what do we think we could achieve?
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tunadhani tunaweza fanikisha mambo gani?
06:39
Well, we believe
that we can eliminate trachoma
that we can eliminate trachoma
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Hata hivyo, tunaamini kwamba tunaweza kuondoa trakoma
06:44
in 12 African countries
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katika nchi 12 za Kiafrika
06:47
and across the Americas
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na katika nchi za America
06:50
and all across the Pacific.
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na kote katika Pacific.
06:53
And we can make significant progress
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Na tunaweza fanya mabadiliko makubwa
06:56
in two countries which have
the highest burden of the disease,
the highest burden of the disease,
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katika nchi mbili ambazo zina mzigo wa magonjwa,
07:00
which is Ethiopia and Nigeria.
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ambazo ni Ethiopia na Nigeria.
07:03
And in doing all of that,
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Katika kufanya hayo yote,
07:05
we can leverage more than two
billion dollars' worth of donated drugs.
billion dollars' worth of donated drugs.
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tunaweza kupata zaidi ya dawa zenye thamani ya kiasi cha dola za Kimarekani bilioni mbili(shilingi za Kitanzania takribani trilioni nne)
07:11
(Applause)
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(Makofi)
07:17
Now, this map here shows you
the impact that we'll have --
the impact that we'll have --
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Sasa, hii ramani inakuonyesha mafanikio tutayopata --
07:20
look how many countries are going green.
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angalia nchi ngapi zinazoelekea kuwa kijani.
07:22
And there, you can see progress
in Ethiopia and Nigeria.
in Ethiopia and Nigeria.
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Na hapo, utaweza kuona maendeleo katika nchi za Ethiopia na Nigeria.
07:25
Now, yes, there are some countries
that are still red.
that are still red.
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Sasa, bado kuna nchi ambazo ni nyekundu.
07:28
These are mainly countries
which are in conflict --
which are in conflict --
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Hizi ni nchi ambazo zipo katika migogoro --
07:31
places like Yemen, South Sudan --
where it's very difficult to work.
where it's very difficult to work.
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sehemu kama Yemen, Sudani Kusini -- ambapo ni ngumu kufanya kazi.
07:35
So, we have the team,
the strategy and the map.
the strategy and the map.
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Kwa hiyo, tuna timu, mkakati na ramani.
07:40
And we also have the relationships
with the governments
with the governments
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Na pia tuna mahusiano na serikali
07:44
so that we can make sure
that our program is coordinated
that our program is coordinated
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kwa hiyo tunaweza kuhakikisha kwamba zoezi linaunganishwa
07:48
with other disease-control programs,
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na mazoezi mengine yanayohusiana na kupambana na magonjwa,
07:50
so that we can be efficient.
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ili kuongeza ufanisi zaidi.
07:53
Wouldn't it be amazing
if we could do this?
if we could do this?
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Haitakuwa nzuri kama tutaweza kufanya hivi?
07:57
We'd have trachoma on the run.
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Tuna ugonjwa wa trakoma bado.
07:59
We would be on the home straight
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Tungeweza kuwepo nyumbani
08:02
to eliminate this disease
from the whole world.
from the whole world.
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na kuweza kuondoa ugonjwa huu duniani kote.
08:06
But before I finish,
I just want to share with you
I just want to share with you
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Lakini kabla sijamaliza, nataka kuwashirikisha
08:09
some words from
the founder of Sightsavers,
the founder of Sightsavers,
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maneno baadhi kutoka kwa muanzilishi wa taasisi ya Sightsavers
08:12
a guy called Sir John Wilson.
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bwana mmoja anayeitwa Sir John Wilson
08:14
Now, he was blinded at the age of 12.
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Sasa, alipata upofu akiwa na miaka 12.
08:16
And he said,
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Na alisema,
08:18
"People don't go blind by the million.
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"Watu hawapati upofu wakiwa mamilioni.
08:21
They go blind one by one."
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Wanapata upofu mmoja kwa mmoja."
08:24
And in the excitement of being able to say
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Na shauku ya kuweza kusema kwamba
08:27
we've got rid of trachoma
for the whole country,
for the whole country,
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tumeweza kuondokana na trakoma kwa nchi nzima,
08:30
let's not forget that, actually,
this is a devastating disease
this is a devastating disease
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tusisahau ya kwamba, kwa uhalisia, hii ugonjwa mbaya sana
08:35
that destroys the lives
of individual people.
of individual people.
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ambao unaharibu maisha ya watu wengi.
08:39
People like Twiba.
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Watu kama Twiba.
08:40
Now, I met Twiba last year in Tanzania.
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Sasa, nilikutana na Twiba mwaka jana nchini Tanzania.
08:43
She had had trachoma
for as long as she could remember.
for as long as she could remember.
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Alikuwa na trakoma katika muda wote anaoweza kukumbuka.
08:46
And a couple of months before I met her,
she'd had the operation.
she'd had the operation.
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Na miaka kadhaa kabla sijaonana nae, alifanyiwa upasuaji.
08:50
It's no exaggeration to say
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Sio kitu cha kukuza kusema
08:53
that this had totally
transformed her life.
transformed her life.
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kwamba upasuaji huu umebadili maisha yake moja kwa moja.
08:57
We'd saved the sight that she had left,
and she was free of pain.
and she was free of pain.
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Tumeokoa uono, na ameondokana na maumivu,
09:01
She could sleep.
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Anaweza kulala.
09:03
She could work, she could socialize.
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Anaweza kufanya kazi, na pia kujumuika na wenzake.
09:05
And she said to me,
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Na aliniambia,
09:08
"I have my life back."
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"Nimerudishiwa maisha yangu tena."
09:10
And it was impossible
not to be moved by her story.
not to be moved by her story.
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Na ni vigumu kutohamasika kutokana na hadithi ya maisha yake.
09:14
But there are so many Twibas.
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Lakini wengi waliopo kama Twiba.
09:16
I want to find all the Twibas,
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Nataka niwatafute watu wote kama Twiba,
09:19
and I don't want anyone
to go blind in agony anymore.
to go blind in agony anymore.
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na sitaki mtu yoyote awe mpofu na mwenye maumivu tena.
09:23
Now, you know, there are so many
intractable problems in this world.
intractable problems in this world.
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Sasa, unajua, kuna matatizo mengi sana duniani ambayo ni magumu kutatua.
09:29
But this is not one of them.
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Lakini hili siyo mojawapo.
09:31
This is something that we can solve.
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Hili ni tatizo ambalo tunaweza kulitatua.
09:34
And we can ensure
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Na tunaweza hakikisha
09:36
that kids like this can grow up
free from the fear of trachoma.
free from the fear of trachoma.
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kwamba watoto kama hawa wanakua katika mazingira yasiyo na trakoma.
09:42
So, for the sake of kids like this,
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Kwa hivyo, kwa ajili ya watoto kama hawa,
09:45
and for the sake of people like Twiba,
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na kwa ajili ya watu kama Twiba,
09:48
let's get rid of trachoma.
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tuondokane na trakoma.
09:52
Do you think we can?
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Unadhani tunaweza?
09:55
Well, yeah, if we really, really want to.
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Ndiyo, kama kweli tunataka.
09:58
Yes, we can.
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Ndiyo tunaweza.
10:00
So thank you.
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Asante!
10:01
(Applause)
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(Makofi)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Caroline Harper - Advocate for visually impaired peopleAt Sightsavers, an international NGO, Caroline Harper leads efforts to eliminate avoidable blindness around the world and fight for equal rights.
Why you should listen
Dr. Caroline Harper's ultimate goal is to see herself out of a job. She runs Sightsavers, an organization with global offices that strives to eliminate avoidable blindness and ensure that people with disabilities have equal rights. Up to 75 percent of sight loss can be cured or prevented, and her team hopes to achieve their goals so spectacularly that the organization is no longer needed.
Harper worked in the gas industry until 2002, before co-founding a management business that specialized on turnaround sales of energy companies. But during what she describes as a mid-life gap year, she visited a number of developing countries and felt drawn to international development. "My own family has a lot of blindness, so the mission of Sightsavers really resonated for me," she said. "I have now been its CEO for 13 years, and every year something more incredible happens. The best moments are when I visit some of the countries where we work, sit with people in their communities and realize that what we do has a massive impact. I am so lucky."
Harper is a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for her work to protect the sight of people in developing countries. Sightsavers works with a range of partners and is supported by organizations such as The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust and UK aid through the UK government's Department for International Development.
Caroline Harper | Speaker | TED.com