TEDGlobal 2013
Bastian Schaefer: A 3D-printed jumbo jet?
巴斯蒂安·谢弗: 巴斯蒂安·谢弗: 一架3D打印的大型喷气式客机？
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设计师巴斯蒂安·谢弗展示了一个未来喷气式飞机的巧妙设计。这架喷气式飞机的骨架是源于强大，灵活的自然形态的启发，以及日益增长的人口的需要。想象一下一架通透明亮的飞机-而其部件全部由3D打印机制作。
Bastian Schaefer - Aircraft engineer
Bastian Schaefer and a team of designers at Airbus have been imagining the high-concept future of the jet airlplane -- in a future with less fuel and more passengers. Full bio
Bastian Schaefer and a team of designers at Airbus have been imagining the high-concept future of the jet airlplane -- in a future with less fuel and more passengers. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
What do we know about the future?
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我们知道多少未来的事儿？
00:14
Difficult question, simple answer: nothing.
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这个问题听起来难，但答案很简单：一无所知。
00:17
We cannot predict the future.
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我们没法预知未来。
00:19
We only can create a vision of the future, how it might be,
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我们只能憧憬未来，想象未来的样子，
00:24
a vision which reveals disruptive ideas, which is inspiring,
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不过这种憧憬可以萌生颠覆性的想法，具有启发性，
00:27
and this is the most important reason
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这是打破惯性思维的枷锁
00:30
which breaks the chains of common thinking.
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最重要的方式。
00:33
There are a lot of people
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有很多人
00:34
who created their own vision about the future,
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有他们对未来独特的憧憬，
00:36
for instance, this vision here from the early 20th century.
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例如，这一产生于20 世纪初的设想。
00:39
It says here that this is the ocean plane of the future.
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他们说这是未来可以飞跃海洋的飞机。
00:44
It takes only one and a half days to cross the Atlantic Ocean.
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它只需一个半就能横渡大西洋。
00:47
Today, we know that this future vision didn't come true.
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今天，我们知道这个未来的远景没有成真。
00:51
So this is our largest airplane which we have,
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这是我们最大的飞机，
00:54
the Airbus A380, and it's quite huge,
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空客A380，它体积庞大，
00:56
so a lot of people fit in there
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可以容纳很多人
00:58
and it's technically completely different
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从技术上讲它和
01:00
than the vision I've shown to you.
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之前的那个愿景完全不同。
01:03
I'm working in a team with Airbus,
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我在空客的团队里工作
01:05
and we have created our vision
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我们创造了对于未来
01:06
about a more sustainable future of aviation.
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更具可持续性的航空业的愿景。
01:09
So sustainability is quite important for us,
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所以可持续性对我们而言是相当重要的，
01:12
which should incorporate social
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其中应纳入社会性
01:13
but as well as environmental and economic values.
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以及环保和经济价值。
01:16
So we have created a very disruptive structure
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我们创建了一个极具分裂性的结构
01:19
which mimics the design of bone, or a skeleton,
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模仿了骨或骨架的结构
01:23
which occurs in nature.
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这些源于自然世界的设计。
01:25
So that's why it looks maybe a little bit weird,
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这就是它看起来有点奇怪的原因
01:27
especially to the people who deal with structures in general.
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特别是对常和结构打交道的人而言。
01:31
But at least it's just a kind of artwork
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但至少它是一种艺术品
01:33
to explore our ideas about a different future.
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探索我们对不同未来的构想。
01:38
What are the main customers of the future?
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未来的主要客户有哪些？
01:41
So, we have the old, we have the young,
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我们有老年客户群，有年轻客户群，
01:42
we have the uprising power of women,
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女性力量逐渐崛起等，
01:45
and there's one mega-trend which affects all of us.
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还有一个影响我们所有人的大趋势。
01:49
These are the future anthropometrics.
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这与未来人体测量学息息相关。
01:52
So our children are getting larger, but at the same time
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我们的下一代身材越来越高大，但同时
01:55
we are growing into different directions.
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我们成长的方向有所不同。
01:58
So what we need is space inside the aircraft,
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所以我们需要的是飞机内部的空间，
02:03
inside a very dense area.
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一个密度非常高的空间内。
02:05
These people have different needs.
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人们有不同的需求。
02:07
So we see a clear need of active health promotion,
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我们看到对健康促进清楚的需求，
02:11
especially in the case of the old people.
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尤其是老人们。
02:13
We want to be treated as individuals.
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我们希望被区分对待。
02:15
We like to be productive throughout the entire travel chain,
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我们喜欢在旅途中高效工作，
02:21
and what we are doing in the future is
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在未来我们希望
02:23
we want to use the latest man-machine interface,
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可以实现最新的人机互动，
02:26
and we want to integrate this and show this in one product.
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和我们想要融入这些想法到一种产品内。
02:31
So we combined these needs with technology's themes.
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因此我们将这些需要与技术主题相结合。
02:34
So for instance, we are asking ourselves,
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例如，我们自问，
02:37
how can we create more light?
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我们如何能创造更多的光照？
02:39
How can we bring more natural light into the airplane?
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我们怎么能让更多自然光线照入飞机？
02:41
So this airplane has no windows anymore, for example.
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例如，这架飞机已经没有窗户了。
02:45
What about the data and communication software
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数据和通信软件
02:47
which we need in the future?
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这些未来的需要怎么办？
02:49
My belief is that the airplane of the future
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我相信未来的飞机
02:52
will get its own consciousness.
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将会有自主的意识。
02:54
It will be more like a living organism
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它将更像一个生物体
02:57
than just a collection of very complex technology.
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而不是复杂技术的集合体。
03:01
This will be very different in the future.
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这在未来将非常不同。
03:03
It will communicate directly
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它将与机舱内部的乘客们
03:05
with the passenger in its environment.
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进行直接沟通。
03:08
And then we are talking also about materials,
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然后我们还谈论材料，
03:10
synthetic biology, for example.
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例如合成生物学。
03:12
And my belief is that we will get more and more
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我相信我们将会有更多
03:15
new materials which we can put into structure later on,
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新型材料来投入到结构设计中，
03:19
because structure is one of the key issues in aircraft design.
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因为结构是飞机设计中的关键问题之一。
03:23
So let's compare the old world with the new world.
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因此让我们来比较一下旧世界和新世界。
03:27
I just want to show you here what we are doing today.
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我想展示给大家看我们在研究的技术。
03:29
So this is a bracket of an A380 crew rest compartment.
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这是一个 A380 机组休息舱结构。
03:33
It takes a lot of weight,
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它能承受很大的重量，
03:35
and it follows the classical design rules.
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遵从了经典的设计法则。
03:38
This here is an equal bracket for the same purpose.
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这是相同用途的相似支架设计。
03:41
It follows the design of bone.
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它和骨头的设计一样。
03:43
The design process is completely different.
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设计过程是完全不同的。
03:46
At the one hand, we have 1.2 kilos,
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一个是1.2 公斤重，
03:49
and at the other hand 0.6 kilos.
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另一个是 0.6 公斤重。
03:51
So this technology, 3D printing, and new design rules
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所以这技术、 3D 印刷和新的设计规则
03:54
really help us to reduce the weight,
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真正帮助我们减轻重量，
03:56
which is the biggest issue in aircraft design,
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这是飞机设计中最大的问题，
03:58
because it's directly linked to greenhouse gas emissions.
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因为它与温室气体排放量直接相关。
04:01
Push this idea a little bit forward.
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再进一步推进这一想法。
04:03
So how does nature build its components and structures?
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自然是如何建造各个部件和结构的呢？
04:08
So nature is very clever. It puts all the information
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大自然是非常聪明的。它把所有的信息放到
04:11
into these small building blocks, which we call DNA.
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这些小积木内，我们称之为 DNA。
04:14
And nature builds large skeletons out of it.
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自然在它的基础上生成了大骨架。
04:16
So we see a bottom-up approach here,
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我们可以看到一个自下而上的方法，
04:19
because all the information, as I said, are inside the DNA.
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因为所有的信息，正如我所说的都在 DNA里。
04:22
And this is combined with a top-down approach,
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这与自上而下的方法相结合，
04:24
because what we are doing in our daily life
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因为我们在日常生活中
04:26
is we train our muscles, we train our skeleton,
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训练我们的肌肉和骨骼
04:29
and it's getting stronger.
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使它们越来越强壮。
04:31
And the same approach can be applied to technology as well.
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这种方法也能运用到技术上。
04:34
So our building block is carbon nanotubes, for example,
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例如我们的构建基块是碳纳米管，
04:38
to create a large, rivet-less skeleton at the end of the day.
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最终制造出一个巨型、无缝的构架。
04:42
How this looks in particular, you can show it here.
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这个构架外观如何，可以在这里展现。
04:45
So imagine you have carbon nanotubes growing
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想象一下有一个碳纳米管
04:47
inside a 3D printer,
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在3D 打印机里制作，
04:49
and they are embedded inside a matrix of plastic,
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被嵌入一个塑料模型中，
04:52
and follow the forces which occur in your component.
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并按照组件内部力量延展。
04:55
And you've got trillions of them.
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有上万亿个这样的纳米管。
04:57
So you really align them to wood,
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所以你真的对齐它们到木头，
04:59
and you take this wood and make morphological optimization,
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然后对木头进行形态优化，
05:02
so you make structures, sub-structures,
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然后制作架构以及次级架构，
05:04
which allows you to transmit electrical energy or data.
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以便传输电能或数据。
05:08
And now we take this material, combine this
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现在我们用这种材料，结合
05:10
with a top-down approach,
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自上而下的方法，
05:11
and build bigger and bigger components.
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制作更大的组件。
05:15
So how might the airplane of the future look?
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那么未来飞机究竟长什么样呢？
05:18
So we have very different seats which adapt
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我们会有不同的座位来适应
05:20
to the shape of the future passenger,
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未来旅客的体型，
05:22
with the different anthropometrics.
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运用不同的人体测量学法。
05:24
We have social areas inside the aircraft
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飞机内部有公共区域
05:26
which might turn into a place
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可能会有
05:29
where you can play virtual golf.
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虚拟高尔夫球场。
05:31
And finally, this bionic structure,
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最后，这种仿生结构
05:34
which is covered by a transparent
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由透明生物聚合物膜覆盖
05:36
biopolymer membrane, will really change radically
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真的会彻底改变
05:40
how we look at aircrafts in the future.
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我们未来对飞机的认识。
05:42
So as Jason Silva said,
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正如杰森.席尔瓦所说的，
05:44
if we can imagine it, why not make it so?
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如果我们能想象，为什么不去实现呢？
05:47
See you in the future. Thank you.
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我们未来见。谢谢。
05:48
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bastian Schaefer - Aircraft engineerBastian Schaefer and a team of designers at Airbus have been imagining the high-concept future of the jet airlplane -- in a future with less fuel and more passengers.
Why you should listen
Bastian Schaefer is the Cabin and Cargo Innovation Manager at Airbus Operations -- and leads a group of far-thinking engineers who are building out a concept plane. Previously at Airbus, he worked on the development of A380 stairs and components for in-flight entertainment. Between 2006 and 2011 Bastian worked at Bertrand Ingenieurbüro GmbH working on projects with C&D Zodiac Development A350XWB Lavatories, AT Kearney and EADS Technology Watch Consulting. He considers himself a mechanical engineer and has a special interest in cars.
Bastian Schaefer | Speaker | TED.com