TEDGlobal 2014
Melissa Fleming: Let's help refugees thrive, not just survive
梅利莎·弗莱明: 帮助难民走向成功，而不仅仅是生存 | 梅利莎·弗莱明 | TEDGlobal 2014
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在今天，有五千万人被迫离开家乡——创下了第二次世界大战以来的最高纪录。此时此刻，超过三百万的叙利亚难民正在邻国寻找栖身之地。在黎巴嫩，半数难民都是孩子；但其中仅有20%在接受教育。来自联合国难民机构的工作人员，Melissa Fleming，呼吁大家帮助建立提供疗养以及学习机会的难民营，让难民们有机会学习技能，重建自己的家园。
Melissa Fleming - Voice for refugees
Melissa Fleming sheds light on their devastating plight and remarkable resilience of refugees. Full bio
Melissa Fleming sheds light on their devastating plight and remarkable resilience of refugees. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So I started working
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我开始同难民们一起工作
00:14
with refugees because I wanted
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是因为我想帮他们改变现状
00:16
to make a difference,
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00:18
and making a difference starts
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而改变现状
00:20
with telling their stories.
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要从向人们讲述他们的故事开始
00:22
So when I meet refugees,
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所以当我遇见难民时
00:23
I always ask them questions.
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我总是问他们一些问题
00:26
Who bombed your house?
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是谁炸毁了你的房子？
00:29
Who killed your son?
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谁杀死了你的儿子？
00:31
Did the rest of your family make it out alive?
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你还有其他存活的家人吗？
00:35
How are you coping
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你还适应
00:37
in your life in exile?
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流亡的日子吗？
00:40
But there's one question that always seems to me
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但有一个问题
总是给我启示
00:43
to be most revealing, and that is:
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那就是，
00:45
What did you take?
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你带走了什么？
00:47
What was that most important thing
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当你的家园硝烟弥漫
00:50
that you had to take with you
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危在旦夕
00:52
when the bombs were exploding in your town,
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当武装分子逼近你的家门
00:55
and the armed gangs were approaching your house?
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你随身带走的最重要的东西是什么？
01:00
A Syrian refugee boy I know
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一个叙利亚男孩告诉我
01:02
told me that he didn't hesitate
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他面临生命危险时
01:05
when his life was in imminent danger.
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没有丝毫犹豫地带上了
01:09
He took his high school diploma,
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自己的高中毕业证
01:12
and later he told me why.
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之后他告诉了我原因
01:14
He said, "I took my high school diploma
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他说，「我带了高中毕业证
01:17
because my life depended on it."
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因为我得靠它生存」
01:20
And he would risk his life to get that diploma.
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他曾愿冒生命危险获得了那张证书
01:23
On his way to school, he would dodge snipers.
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上学的路上，他需要躲避狙击手
01:27
His classroom sometimes shook
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有时他的教室随着炸弹的轰鸣声晃动
01:29
with the sound of bombs and shelling,
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01:33
and his mother told me,
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他的母亲告诉我
「每天早晨，我都会跟他说
01:35
"Every day, I would say to him every morning,
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01:39
'Honey, please don't go to school.'"
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‘亲爱的孩子，求你不要去学校了’
01:41
And when he insisted, she said,
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而每当他坚持要去
我就会紧紧拥抱他
01:45
"I would hug him as if it were for the last time."
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就当这是最后一次拥抱」
01:49
But he said to his mother,
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但他告诉母亲
01:51
"We're all afraid,
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「我们都很害怕
01:53
but our determination to graduate
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可是我们要毕业的决心
01:56
is stronger than our fear."
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让我们克服恐惧」
01:59
But one day, the family got terrible news.
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但是有一天，噩耗降临
02:02
Hany's aunt, his uncle and his cousin
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Hany 的叔叔阿姨一家
02:05
were murdered in their homes for refusing
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因为拒绝离开自己的房子
被杀死了
02:08
to leave their house.
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02:09
Their throats were slit.
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他们被割开了喉咙
02:12
It was time to flee.
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他们不得不逃了
02:14
They left that day, right away, in their car,
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他们当天就开车逃离了
02:17
Hany hidden in the back because they were facing
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Hany 藏在后备箱中
02:19
checkpoints of menacing soldiers.
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躲避检查站上凶残的士兵
02:23
And they would cross the border into Lebanon,
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他们穿越边境，抵达黎巴嫩
02:27
where they would find peace.
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只为保命
02:29
But they would begin a life of grueling hardship
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他们面临的生活不仅单调，还会充满艰辛
02:33
and monotony.
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02:36
They had no choice but to build a shack
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他们不得不在一片泥地旁
搭建了一个临时的棚子
02:39
on the side of a muddy field,
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02:40
and this is Hany's brother Ashraf,
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照片中的孩子
是 Hany的弟弟 Ashraf，在外玩耍
02:42
who plays outside.
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02:44
And that day, they joined
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也就是那一天
他们加入了世界上最庞大的难民群体
02:47
the biggest population of refugees in the world,
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02:52
in a country, Lebanon, that is tiny.
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在黎巴嫩这个小小的国家
02:55
It only has four million citizens,
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只有四百万公民
02:57
and there are one million Syrian refugees living there.
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却有一百万的叙利亚难民居住于此
03:01
There's not a town, a city or a village
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那里每一座城市，每一座村庄
03:05
that is not host to Syrian refugees.
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都向叙利亚的难民敞开大门
03:10
This is generosity and humanity
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这是何等的慷概与仁慈啊！
03:13
that is remarkable.
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03:17
Think about it this way, proportionately.
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我们用同样的比例算算
03:20
It would be as if
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这其实等同于
德国的全部人口
03:22
the entire population of Germany,
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八百万人
03:25
80 million people,
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03:27
would flee to the United States in just three years.
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在三年内全部逃向美国
现在叙利亚一半的人口
03:32
Half of the entire population of Syria
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03:36
is now uprooted,
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都不得不背井离乡
03:38
most of them inside the country.
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他们大部分还在叙利亚境内
03:40
Six and a half million people
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六百五十万人为了生存而流亡
03:42
have fled for their lives.
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03:45
Over and well over three million people
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远超三百万人口越过了边境
03:48
have crossed the borders
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03:49
and have found sanctuary
in the neighboring countries,
in the neighboring countries,
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在邻国找到了避难所
03:53
and only a small proportion, as you see,
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只有一小部分人，如图所示
03:56
have moved on to Europe.
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逃到了欧洲
04:00
What I find most worrying
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最令我担忧的事情是
04:03
is that half of all Syrian refugees are children.
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半数的叙利亚难民都是孩子
04:07
I took this picture of this little girl.
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这张小女孩的照片是我拍的
04:09
It was just two hours after she had arrived
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当时她刚经历了两小时长途跋涉
04:12
after a long trek from Syria into Jordan.
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从叙利亚抵达了约旦
04:16
And most troubling of all
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而最棘手的事情是
04:20
is that only 20 percent of
Syrian refugee children
Syrian refugee children
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叙利亚难民儿童中只有百分之二十
04:23
are in school in Lebanon.
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在黎巴嫩的学校接受教育
04:27
And yet, Syrian refugee children,
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然而，所有的孩子都告诉我们
04:30
all refugee children tell us
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04:32
education is the most important thing in their lives.
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在他们生命中最重要的就是读书
为什么？
04:37
Why? Because it allows them to think of their future
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因为教育让他们看到未来
04:41
rather than the nightmare of their past.
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而不是回想经历过的噩梦
04:45
It allows them to think of hope rather than hatred.
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教育让他们充满希望
忘却憎恨
04:50
I'm reminded of a recent visit I took
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我想起我最近在伊拉克北部
04:52
to a Syrian refugee camp in northern Iraq,
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探访过一个叙利亚难民营地
04:56
and I met this girl,
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我遇见了这个女孩
04:58
and I thought, "She's beautiful,"
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我想，她真美
04:59
and I went up to her and asked her,
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我走上前问她
05:01
"Can I take your picture?"
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「我能不能给你拍张照片？」
05:03
And she said yes,
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她答应了
05:05
but she refused to smile.
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但她却不愿微笑
05:08
I think she couldn't,
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我想她是笑不出来
05:11
because I think she must realize that she represents
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我想她一定是意识到她代表着
05:14
a lost generation of Syrian refugee children,
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叙利亚迷失的一代难民儿童
05:19
a generation isolated and frustrated.
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这是孤单的，失意的一代
05:23
And yet, look at what they fled:
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让我们看看他们逃离的那个地方
05:27
utter destruction,
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彻底的毁灭
05:29
buildings, industries, schools, roads, homes.
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楼房，工厂，学校，公路，住宅
05:34
Hany's home was also destroyed.
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Hany 的家也被摧毁了
05:37
This will need to be rebuilt
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一切都需要重建
05:40
by architects, by engineers, by electricians.
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需要建筑师，工程师，电工
05:45
Communities will need teachers and lawyers
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社会需要教师和律师
05:49
and politicians interested in reconciliation
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以及致力于和平
05:53
and not revenge.
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而不是复仇的政治家们
这一切难道不该被这些
处于危险中的人们
处于危险中的人们
05:56
Shouldn't this be rebuilt
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05:57
by the people with the largest stake,
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06:01
the societies in exile, the refugees?
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这个流亡中的群体
这些难民们重建吗？
06:06
Refugees have a lot of time
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难民们有充足的时间
06:09
to prepare for their return.
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来为回归祖国做准备
06:11
You might imagine that being a refugee
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你也许会以为难民的流亡只是暂时的妥协
06:14
is just a temporary state.
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06:17
Well far from it.
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那你就错了
06:20
With wars going on and on,
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战争仍在进行
06:23
the average time a refugee will spend in exile
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一个难民的平均流亡时间长达17年
06:27
is 17 years.
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06:30
Hany was into his second year in limbo
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最近，在Hany即将流亡两周年时
06:34
when I went to visit him recently,
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我又去拜访了他一次
06:36
and we conducted our entire conversation in English,
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我们一直用英文交谈
06:40
which he confessed to me he learned
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他向我坦白说
06:42
from reading all of Dan Brown's novels
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这全部是从丹·布朗的小说里
06:46
and from listening to American rap.
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还有从美国说唱歌曲里学来的
06:50
We also spent some nice moments of laughter
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我们也和他所爱的弟弟Ashraf
06:53
and fun with his beloved brother Ashraf.
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度过了一段愉快的时光
06:57
But I'll never forget what he told me
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但我永远不会忘记
06:59
when we ended our conversation that day.
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我临走时他对我所说的话
07:02
He said to me,
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他对我说
07:05
"If I am not a student, I am nothing."
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「若我没有了学习，我便一无所有了」
07:10
Hany is one of 50 million people
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Hany 是当今五千万被迫背井离乡的人中的一员
07:14
uprooted in this world today.
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第二次世界大战以来
07:18
Never since World War II
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07:20
have so many people been forcibly displaced.
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再也没有哪个时期有如此多被迫离开家乡的人
07:26
So while we're making sweeping progress
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现在我们在医学
07:28
in human health,
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科技、教育以及设计
07:30
in technology, in education and design,
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各方面有着飞速的发展
07:35
we are doing dangerously little
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但我们给予受害者的帮助少得惊人
07:39
to help the victims
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07:42
and we are doing far too little
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战争让他们背井离乡
我们却根本没做什么来停止战争
07:45
to stop and prevent
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07:47
the wars that are driving them from their homes.
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或避免战争的发生
07:50
And there are more and more victims.
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受害者人数不断增长
07:55
Every day, on average,
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时至今日
07:58
by the end of this day,
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08:00
32,000 people will be forcibly displaced
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平均每天有32,000人
08:04
from their homes —
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被迫离开家乡
08:06
32,000 people.
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32,000人！
08:11
They flee across borders like this one.
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他们为了逃生，像这样穿越国界线
08:15
We captured this on the Syrian border to Jordan,
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这是在从叙利亚去约旦的边境线上拍下的
08:18
and this is a typical day.
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这是很平常的一天
08:25
Or they flee on unseaworthy and overcrowded boats,
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或冒着生命危险
乘坐超载的危船
08:30
risking their lives in this case
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08:32
just to reach safety in Europe.
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只为抵达欧洲寻求安稳
08:34
This Syrian young man
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这位叙利亚的年轻人
08:36
survived one of these boats that capsized —
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逃过了一次船难
08:39
most of the people drowned —
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这场灾难中大部分人都淹死了
08:41
and he told us,
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他告诉我们
08:43
"Syrians are just looking for a quiet place
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「叙利亚人只是渴望一个安静的地方
08:47
where nobody hurts you,
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那里没有人伤害你
08:50
where nobody humiliates you,
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没有人侮辱你
08:52
and where nobody kills you."
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没有人会要杀你」
08:55
Well, I think that should be the minimum.
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我认为，这本是生存的最低要求
08:58
How about a place of healing,
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而一个能让他们疗伤
09:01
of learning,
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学习
09:03
and even opportunity?
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或是得到机会的地方更是奢望
09:08
Americans and Europeans
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美国人跟欧洲人
09:10
have the impression that proportionally
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总是认为大量难民
09:14
huge numbers of refugees are coming
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正涌向他们的国家
09:16
to their country,
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09:18
but the reality is
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但事实上
09:20
that 86 percent, the vast majority of refugees,
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有 86% 的难民
即大部分难民都居住在发展中国家
09:24
are living in the developing world,
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09:26
in countries struggling with their own insecurity,
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那些还被自身的不安全所困扰的国家
09:31
with their own issues of helping their own populations
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那些连帮助自己人民摆脱贫困
09:35
and poverty.
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都还有困难的国家
09:37
So wealthy countries in the world should recognize
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所以发达国家都应该认可
09:40
the humanity and the generosity of the countries
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这些发展中国家
09:44
that are hosting so many refugees.
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接待如此多的难民的慷慨和仁慈
09:48
And all countries should make sure that no one
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所有国家都应该向
被逼逃离家乡，受到战争和迫害的人们
09:52
fleeing war and persecution
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09:54
arrives at a closed border.
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敞开国门
09:58
(Applause)
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（掌声）
10:01
Thank you.
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谢谢
10:06
But there is something more that we can do
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但我们其实可以做到更多
10:08
than just simply helping refugees survive.
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不仅是帮助难民们生存下去
10:12
We can help them thrive.
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还有帮助他们走向成功
10:16
We should think of refugee camps and communities
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难民营和难民社区
10:19
as more than just temporary population centers
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不应仅仅被认为是临时集中地
10:23
where people languish
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难民在临时集中地只会消沉地等待战争结束
10:25
waiting for the war to end.
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10:28
Rather, as centers of excellence,
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而如果我们建立优秀的难民营
10:32
where refugees can triumph over their trauma
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难民们就能克服悲痛的记忆
10:36
and train for the day that they can go home
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待重返家园之日
他们就能成为先锋，推进改革
10:39
as agents of positive change
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10:42
and social transformation.
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10:47
It makes so much sense,
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这样做真的非常有意义
10:49
but I'm reminded of the terrible war in Somalia
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我想起了发生在索马里的战争
那场持续了22年的恶战
10:53
that has been raging on for 22 years.
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10:57
And imagine living in this camp.
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想象一下住在这个营地的感受
11:00
I visited this camp.
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我拜访过这个营地
11:01
It's in Djibouti, neighboring Somalia,
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它位于索马里附近的吉布提
11:03
and it was so remote
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那里十分偏僻
11:06
that we had to take a helicopter to fly there.
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我们不得不做坐直升机去
11:08
It was dusty and it was terribly hot.
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那儿沙尘弥漫，炎热难当
11:12
And we went to visit a school
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我们去拜访了一所学校
11:14
and started talking to the children,
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并与那儿的孩子们聊天
11:16
and then I saw this girl across the room
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在房间对面，
我看到一个女孩将目光投向我
11:18
who looked to me to be the same age
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她差不多跟我女儿同龄
11:20
as my own daughter, and I went up and talked to her.
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我走近她，跟她聊天
11:24
And I asked her the questions
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我问了她一些
11:25
that grown-ups ask kids,
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大人们通常会问的问题
11:27
like, "What is your favorite subject?"
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比如说，你最喜欢哪一门课？
11:29
and, "What do you want to be when you grow up?"
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你长大了以后想做什么?
11:32
And this is when her face turned blank,
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她的脸色突然变得苍白
11:35
and she said to me,
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然后她说
11:37
"I have no future.
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「我没有未来
11:40
My schooling days are over."
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我学习的日子已经结束了」
11:43
And I thought, there must be some misunderstanding,
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于是我想，这其中一定是有什么误会
11:44
so I turned to my colleague
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所以我询问了我的同事
11:47
and she confirmed to me
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她说这是真的
11:49
there is no funding for secondary education
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在这个营地里
他们没有足够的资金开办中学教育
11:51
in this camp.
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11:54
And how I wished at that moment
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在那一刻
11:55
that I could say to her,
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我是多么的希望我能告诉她
11:57
"We will build you a school."
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「我们会帮你建一所学校」
12:00
And I also thought, what a waste.
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同时我也觉得，这是多么的可惜
12:04
She should be and she is
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她本应是索马里未来的希望
12:07
the future of Somalia.
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12:11
A boy named Jacob Atem
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一个叫 Jacob Atem 的男孩
12:15
had a different chance, but not before he experienced
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他的故事大为不同
但正是一场惨剧给了他这个机会
12:18
terribly tragedy.
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12:20
He watched — this is in Sudan —
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他在仅仅七岁时
12:22
as his village — he was only seven years old —
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亲眼看着自己在苏丹的村子
12:25
burned to the ground, and he learned
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在一场大火中被烧为灰烬
12:27
that his mother and his father
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他的父母亲
12:29
and his entire family
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所有的家人
12:31
were killed that day.
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全部丧生于那场火灾
12:33
Only his cousin survived, and the two of them
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只有他与他的表兄弟两人侥幸逃过一劫
12:35
walked for seven months —
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他们两人整整行走了七个月——
12:37
this is boys like him —
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照片中的就是位像他一样的男孩——
12:39
chased and pursued by wild
animals and armed gangs,
animals and armed gangs,
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一路上他们受野兽追逐，受武装分子追踪
12:42
and they finally made it to refugee camps
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最终历经万险抵达了难民营
12:44
where they found safety,
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找到了安全的栖身之地
12:46
and he would spend the next seven years
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从那之后的七年
12:48
in Kenya in a refugee camp.
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他一直待在肯尼亚的难民营
12:51
But his life changed
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但后来，一件事情改变了他的生命
12:54
when he got the chance to be resettled
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他得到了一个分配到美国的机会
12:56
to the United States,
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12:58
and he found love in a foster family
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并且在领养他的家庭中重新找到了爱
13:01
and he was able to go to school,
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他得到了接受教育的机会
13:03
and he wanted me to share with you
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并且他想通过我与你们分享
13:05
this proud moment
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这个激动人心的
13:07
when he graduated from university.
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大学毕业时刻
13:09
(Applause)
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（掌声）
13:15
I spoke to him on Skype the other day,
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一次我用 Skype 与他通话
13:18
and he was in his new university in Florida
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当时他在弗洛里达的一所大学
13:23
pursuing his Ph.D. in public health,
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攻读公共健康的博士学位
13:26
and he proudly told me how he was able to raise
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他骄傲地告诉我
他很快就能在美国筹集足够的善款
13:29
enough funds from the American public
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13:31
to establish a health clinic back in his village
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回到自己的村庄开一个诊所了
13:36
back home.
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13:39
So I want to take you back to Hany.
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现在我想再跟你们谈谈 Hany
13:42
When I told him I was going to have the chance
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当我告诉他我将有机会
13:45
to speak to you here on the TED stage,
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走上 TED 的演讲台跟大家交流
13:47
he allowed me to read you a poem
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他写了一首诗通过电子邮箱发给我
13:50
that he sent in an email to me.
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并且允许我向你们朗读
13:53
He wrote:
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他写到
13:57
"I miss myself,
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「我怀念曾经的自己
13:59
my friends,
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挚友们
14:02
times of reading novels or writing poems,
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读书与写诗的时光
14:06
birds and tea in the morning.
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清晨的鸟儿与茶香
14:11
My room, my books, myself,
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我的房间，我的书本，我自己
14:16
and everything that was making me smile.
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以及曾令我展露笑颜的一切
14:22
Oh, oh, I had so many dreams
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噢，噢，我有过许多梦想
14:26
that were about to be realized."
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它们也曾触手可及」
14:31
So here is my point:
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总之，我想说
14:33
Not investing in refugees
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不为难民们筹款
14:35
is a huge missed opportunity.
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就是浪费了一个巨大的机会
14:41
Leave them abandoned,
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若我们就这样抛弃他们
14:43
and they risk exploitation and abuse,
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他们将面临被剥削和虐待的危险
14:48
and leave them unskilled and uneducated,
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如果他们没有学到技能
没有得到教育
没有得到教育
14:51
and delay by years the return
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他们国家将过更久
14:54
to peace and prosperity in their countries.
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才能重现和平与繁荣
15:00
I believe how we treat the uprooted
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我相信我们对待流亡者的态度
15:03
will shape the future of our world.
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会对世界的未来造成巨大的影响
15:07
The victims of war can hold the keys
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这些战争的受害者们
掌握着长久的世界和平的关键
15:10
to lasting peace,
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15:13
and it's the refugees
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也正是这些难民们
15:15
who can stop the cycle of violence.
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才能阻止暴力与战争的恶性循环
15:18
Hany is at a tipping point.
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Hany正处于人生中最关键的时刻
15:21
We would love to help him go to university
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我们希望能帮助他走进大学
15:24
and to become an engineer,
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成为一名工程师
15:27
but our funds are prioritized for the basics in life:
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但是我们的资金只能优先保证
他们最基本的生活需求：
他们最基本的生活需求：
15:31
tents and blankets and mattresses and kitchen sets,
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帐篷，毯子，被子与厨具
15:35
food rations and a bit of medicine.
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定量的食物以及少量的医药
15:39
University is a luxury.
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上大学是奢侈的愿望
15:42
But leave him to languish in this muddy field,
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但我们若任他在荆棘中失去锋芒
15:47
and he will become a member
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他也会成为迷失一代中的一员
15:49
of a lost generation.
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15:52
Hany's story is a tragedy,
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Hany 的故事以悲剧开头
15:57
but it doesn't have to end that way.
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但它不必要以悲剧结束
16:01
Thank you.
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谢谢
16:03
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Melissa Fleming - Voice for refugeesMelissa Fleming sheds light on their devastating plight and remarkable resilience of refugees.
Why you should listen
Almost 60 million people in the world today have been forcefully displaced from their home - a level not seen since WWII. As many as four million Syrian refugees have sought refuge in neighboring countries. In Lebanon, half of these refugees are children; only 20 percent are in school.
Melissa Fleming, Head of Communications and Spokesperson for the High Commissioner at UN's High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), calls on all of us to make sure that refugee camps are healing places where people can develop the skills they'll need to rebuild their hometowns. Investing in this, she says, may well be the most effective relief effort there is. This inspires her and the teams at the UNHCR to tell stories of the individuals who are displaced.
Fleming's 2017 book, A Hope More Powerful Than the Sea, was born out of the story of Doaa Al Zamel, told her in TED Talk.
Fleming was named senior advisor and spokesperson for UN Secretary-General, António Guterres, in October 2016.
Melissa Fleming | Speaker | TED.com