TEDGlobal>Geneva
Caleb Harper: This computer will grow your food in the future
加勒·哈珀: 未来这台电脑会帮你种菜
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如果我们能够在世界任何地方的室内种出美味的，高密度营养的食物，这会如何？加勒·哈珀，麻省理工学院媒体实验室城市农场 CitiFARM 的主任研究员，想要通过连结种植者和科技的方式改变食物系统，进而了解哈珀的“食物计算机”，以及未来的种植业样貌。
Caleb Harper - Principal Investigator and Director of the Open Agriculture Initiative
Caleb Harper leads a group of engineers, architects, urban planners, economists and plant scientists in the exploration and development of high performance urban agricultural systems. Full bio
Caleb Harper leads a group of engineers, architects, urban planners, economists and plant scientists in the exploration and development of high performance urban agricultural systems. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Food crisis.
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食物危机。
00:14
It's in the news every day.
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出现在每日新闻中。
00:16
But what is it?
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那是什么？
00:17
Some places in the world
it's too little food,
it's too little food,
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世界上的某些地方
食物太匮乏，
食物太匮乏，
00:20
maybe too much.
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某些地方食物产量丰富。
00:21
Other places, GMO is saving the world.
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有些地方，转基因食物拯救了世界。
00:24
Maybe GMO is the problem?
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也许转基因食物是个问题？
00:27
Too much agricultural runoff
creating bad oceans, toxic oceans,
creating bad oceans, toxic oceans,
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太多的转基因农业废水
制造了污染的海洋、有毒的海水，
制造了污染的海洋、有毒的海水，
00:30
attenuation of nutrition.
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营养稀薄。
00:32
They go on and on.
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这样循环往复继续着。
00:34
And I find the current climate
of this discussion
of this discussion
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我发现，当今的讨论
00:38
incredibly disempowering.
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实在是太没有影响力了。
00:41
So how do we bring that
to something that we understand?
to something that we understand?
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我们要如何让这样的讨论
为大家所理解呢？
为大家所理解呢？
00:45
How is this apple food crisis?
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苹果食物危机怎么样？
00:48
You've all eaten an apple
in the last week, I'm sure.
in the last week, I'm sure.
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我确定，在过去的一周里
你们每个人都吃了一个苹果。
你们每个人都吃了一个苹果。
00:51
How old do you think it was
from when it was picked?
from when it was picked?
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你认为苹果从采摘
到你手中花了多久呢？
到你手中花了多久呢？
00:55
Two weeks?
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两周？
00:56
Two months?
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两个月？
00:58
Eleven months --
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11个月 --
01:00
the average age of an apple
in a grocery store in the United States.
in a grocery store in the United States.
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这就是美国商场中售卖的
苹果从采摘到出售的平均时间。
苹果从采摘到出售的平均时间。
01:03
And I don't expect it
to be much different in Europe
to be much different in Europe
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我想，在欧洲应该也差不多
01:05
or anywhere else in the world.
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在世界各地都差不多。
01:07
We pick them,
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我们采摘苹果，
01:08
we put them in cold storage,
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把它们冷藏保存，
01:10
we gas the cold storage --
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往冷藏柜中输入氧气--
01:12
there's actually documented proof
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事实上有文件记录表明
01:13
of workers trying to go
into these environments
into these environments
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曾有工人试图进入这样的环境
01:16
to retrieve an apple,
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来取回一个苹果，
01:17
and dying,
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然后死亡，
01:19
because the atmosphere
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因为身处这样环境下的冷藏库中
01:20
that they slow down the process
of the apple with is also toxic to humans.
of the apple with is also toxic to humans.
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冷藏库里的空气对人来来说
是有毒性的。
是有毒性的。
01:25
How is it that none of you knew this?
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为什么你们中没有人知道这件事？
01:27
Why didn't I know this?
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为什么我不知道这件事？
01:29
Ninety percent of the quality
of that apple --
of that apple --
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苹果中90%的养分--
01:31
all of the antioxidants -- are gone
by the time we get it.
by the time we get it.
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苹果中所有的抗氧化剂--
在我们购买时全部流失完了。
在我们购买时全部流失完了。
01:34
It's basically a little ball of sugar.
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它只是一颗小糖果。
01:38
How did we get so information poor
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我们为什么不知道这些消息？
01:40
and how can we do better?
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要怎样改善这样的状况？
01:43
I think what's missing is a platform.
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我认为我们缺少了一个平台。
01:46
I know platforms -- I know computers,
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我知道平台--我会使用电脑，
01:48
they put me on the Internet
when I was young.
when I was young.
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我很年轻的时候
就在网络上活动。
就在网络上活动。
01:50
I did very weird things --
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我做过很多非常怪异的事情--
01:51
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:52
on this platform.
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在这样的平台上。
01:54
But I met people,
and I could express myself.
and I could express myself.
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但我也遇见了其他人，
我能够表达自己的想法。
我能够表达自己的想法。
01:56
How do you express yourself in food?
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你对食物有怎样的看法？
01:58
If we had a platform,
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如果我们有一个平台，
02:00
we might feel empowered
to question: What if?
to question: What if?
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我们也许会发现
这个问题非常有利 “假如？”
这个问题非常有利 “假如？”
02:04
For me, I questioned:
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我想问：
02:05
What if climate was democratic?
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如果气候是民主的？
02:09
So, this is a map of climate in the world.
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这是一张全球气候分布图。
02:11
The most productive areas in green,
the least productive in red.
the least productive in red.
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最高效的农业生产地区是绿色的，
最差的是红色。
最差的是红色。
02:15
They shift and they change,
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它们会不断变动，变化，
02:16
and Californian farmers
now become Mexican farmers.
now become Mexican farmers.
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加州的农民现在变成墨西哥农民。
02:19
China picks up land in Brazil
to grow better food,
to grow better food,
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中国获得巴西的土地
以求种出更好的食物，
以求种出更好的食物，
02:22
and we're a slave to climate.
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我们都是环境的奴隶。
02:26
What if each country had
its own productive climate?
its own productive climate?
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如果每个国家都有自己
适合生产的气候？
适合生产的气候？
02:29
What would that change about how we live?
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那会如何改变我们的生活呢？
02:32
What would that change
about quality of life and nutrition?
about quality of life and nutrition?
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那将如何改变我们
生活和营养的质量？
生活和营养的质量？
02:36
The last generation's problem
was, we need more food
was, we need more food
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上一代人遇到的问题是，
我们需要更多食物
我们需要更多食物
02:39
and we need it cheap.
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并且价格低廉。
02:41
Welcome to your global farm.
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欢迎来到世界农场。
02:43
We built a huge analog farm.
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我们建造了一个巨大的模拟农场。
02:45
All these traces --
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这些线条轨迹--
02:47
these are cars, planes,
trains and automobiles.
trains and automobiles.
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是车、飞机、火车
和汽车。
和汽车。
02:50
It's a miracle that we feed
seven billion people
seven billion people
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能够提供足够的食物给70亿人，
这是一个奇迹，
这是一个奇迹，
02:53
with just a few of us involved
in the production of food.
in the production of food.
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在只有很少人参与到
食品制作过程中的情况下。
食品制作过程中的情况下。
02:57
What if ...
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但是如果...
02:59
we built a digital farm?
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我们建造一个数字农场？
03:01
A digital world farm.
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数字化的世界农场。
03:02
What if you could take this apple,
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如果你能够拿这个苹果，
03:06
digitize it somehow,
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在某种程度上，将其数字化，
03:07
send it through particles in the air
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通过空气中的质点传送，
03:10
and reconstitute it on the other side?
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然后在另一边将质点重组？
03:13
What if?
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如果？
03:15
Going through some of these quotes,
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看一看这些引述的话，
03:17
you know, they inspire me to do what I do.
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你知道，它们鼓励了我这样做。
03:19
First one:
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第一条：
03:20
["Japanese farming has no youth,
no water, no land and no future."]
no water, no land and no future."]
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“日本农业没有年轻人，没有水，
没有地，也没有未来。”
没有地，也没有未来。”
03:24
That's what I landed to the day
that I went to Minamisanriku,
that I went to Minamisanriku,
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这是我到达南三陆町的那天，
03:28
one stop south of Fukushima,
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也就是福岛再往南一站，
03:30
after the disaster.
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在核电站事故之后。
03:31
The kids have headed to Sendai and Tokyo,
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孩子们都去了仙台和东京，
03:34
the land is contaminated,
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土地被核电站事故污染了，
03:35
they already import 70 percent
of their own food.
of their own food.
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他们的食品进口量达 70%。
03:38
But it's not unique to Japan.
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但这并不是日本独有的现象。
03:40
Two percent of the American population
is involved in farming.
is involved in farming.
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美国人中只有 2% 的人口
从事与农业相关工作。
从事与农业相关工作。
03:45
What good answer comes
from two percent of any population?
from two percent of any population?
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人口数中 2% 的人从事农业
带给我们什么答案？
带给我们什么答案？
03:49
As we go around the world,
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我们看看世界上别的地方，
03:51
50 percent of the African
population is under 18.
population is under 18.
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50% 的非洲人口是 18 岁以下。
03:55
Eighty percent don't want to be farmers.
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他们中的 80% 不愿意成为农民。
03:58
Farming is hard.
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农业太艰辛。
04:00
The life of a small-shareholder
farmer is miserable.
farmer is miserable.
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小农生活太辛苦。
04:05
They go into the city.
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他们选择去城市。
04:06
In India:
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在印度：
04:08
farmers' families not being able
to have basic access to utilities,
to have basic access to utilities,
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农民的家人无法获取
最基础的农用器具，
最基础的农用器具，
04:11
more farmer suicides this year
and the previous 10 before that.
and the previous 10 before that.
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自杀的农民数量多于
过去 10 年的数量。
过去 10 年的数量。
04:15
It's uncomfortable to talk about.
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说起这些太令人难过了。
04:17
Where are they going?
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他们要去哪里？
04:18
Into the city.
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到城市里。
04:20
No young people, and everyone's headed in.
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没有年轻人，
年轻人都去城市了。
年轻人都去城市了。
04:22
So how do we build this platform
that inspires the youth?
that inspires the youth?
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那我们要搭建一个怎样的平台
来鼓励年轻人呢？
来鼓励年轻人呢？
04:27
Welcome to the new tractor.
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请看这台新的拖拉机。
04:29
This is my combine.
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这是我的联合收割机。
04:32
A number of years ago now,
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数年前，
04:33
I went to Bed Bath and Beyond
and Home Depot
and Home Depot
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我去家居连锁店
04:35
and I started hacking.
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开始寻觅工具。
04:36
And I built silly things
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我制作过愚蠢的东西
04:38
and I made plants dance
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我让植物跳舞
04:39
and I attached them to my computer
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将它们与我的电脑相连
04:41
and I killed them all --
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然后我摧毁了它们--
04:42
a lot.
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很多。
04:44
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:45
I eventually got them to survive.
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我最终让它们得以存活。
04:47
And I created one of the most
intimate relationships
intimate relationships
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我创造了我人生中
一种最亲密的关系，
04:49
I've ever had in my life,
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04:51
because I was learning
the language of plants.
the language of plants.
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因为我最学习植物的语言。
04:55
I wanted to make it bigger.
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我想要它们长得更大。
04:56
They said, "Knock yourself out, kid!
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他们说，“孩子，全力以赴吧！
04:58
Here's an old electronics room
that nobody wants.
that nobody wants.
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这间没有人使用的电子工作室。
05:01
What can you do?"
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你能做些什么呢？”
05:03
With my team, we built a farm
inside of the media lab,
inside of the media lab,
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和团队成员一起，我们在
媒体实验室里搭建了一个农场，
媒体实验室里搭建了一个农场，
05:05
a place historically known
not for anything about biology
not for anything about biology
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一个过去被认为和电子化生活有关
05:09
but everything about digital life.
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而不是生物有关的地方。
在这个 60 平方米的空间里，
05:12
Inside of these 60 square feet,
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05:14
we produced enough food to feed
about 300 people once a month --
about 300 people once a month --
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我们制作了足够供应
大约 300 人 1 个月的口粮--
大约 300 人 1 个月的口粮--
05:18
not a lot of food.
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并不是太多。
05:19
And there's a lot of interesting
technology in there.
technology in there.
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这里有很多有趣的科技。
05:21
But the most interesting thing?
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最有趣的是？
05:24
Beautiful, white roots,
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漂亮的，白色的根茎，
05:26
deep, green colors
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深绿色的植物
05:29
and a monthly harvest.
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每月一次的收获。
05:31
Is this a new cafeteria?
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这是新式餐厅吗？
05:34
Is this a new retail experience?
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这是新式销售体验吗？
05:38
Is this a new grocery store?
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这是新式的商店吗？
05:39
I can tell you one thing for sure:
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我能确定的是：
05:42
this is the first time
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这是第一次
05:43
anybody in the media lab
ripped the roots off of anything.
ripped the roots off of anything.
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在媒体实验室里
可以将任何植物连根拔起。
可以将任何植物连根拔起。
05:46
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:48
We get our salad in bags;
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我们把沙拉装进袋子里；
05:50
there's nothing wrong with that.
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没什么不对的。
05:52
But what happens
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但会发生什么呢
05:53
when you have an image-based
processing expert,
processing expert,
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当你有一个图像处理专家，
05:57
a data scientist,
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一个数据科学家，
05:58
a roboticist,
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一个机器人专家，
06:00
ripping roots off and thinking,
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连根拔起植物然后想，
06:02
"Huh. I know something about --
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“嗯，我知道有关--
06:04
I could make this happen, I want to try."
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我能让计划实现，我想试一试。”
06:07
In that process we would
bring the plants out
bring the plants out
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在整个过程中
我们会把植物拿出去
我们会把植物拿出去
06:09
and we would take some back to the lab,
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也会把一些重新拿回实验室，
06:11
because if you grew it,
you don't throw it away;
you don't throw it away;
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因为如果是你亲自种植的，
不会把它抛弃；
不会把它抛弃；
06:13
it's kind of precious to you.
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因为它对你来说是珍贵的。
06:15
I have this weird tongue now,
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我现在有这个奇怪的舌头，
06:16
because I'm afraid to let anybody eat
anything until I've eaten it first,
anything until I've eaten it first,
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因为我不想任何人在我之前
吃到它们，
吃到它们，
06:20
because I want it to be good.
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我希望这是好吃的。
06:21
So I eat lettuce every day
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我每天都吃生菜
06:22
and I can tell the pH
of a lettuce within .1.
of a lettuce within .1.
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我能知道生菜的PH值小于1
06:25
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
06:26
I'm like, "No, that's 6.1 -- no,
no, you can't eat it today."
no, you can't eat it today."
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我现在是这样，“不，那是6.1 -- 不不
今天你不能吃它。”
今天你不能吃它。”
06:29
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
06:34
This lettuce that day was hyper sweet.
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这棵生菜那天非常甜。
06:37
It was hyper sweet
because the plant had been stressed
because the plant had been stressed
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那是因为生菜感到很大的压力
06:39
and it created a chemical reaction
in the plant to protect itself:
in the plant to protect itself:
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它自体生产出化学反应
来保护自己：
来保护自己：
06:43
"I'm not going to die!"
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“我不想死！”
06:44
And the plants not-going-to-die,
taste sweet to me.
taste sweet to me.
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植物那种不想死的口味
尝起来是甜的。
尝起来是甜的。
06:48
Technologists falling backwards
into plant physiology.
into plant physiology.
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科学家们重新回到研究
植物生理学上来。
植物生理学上来。
06:51
So we thought other people
needed to be able to try this.
needed to be able to try this.
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我想，大家都能试着参与。
06:54
We want to see what people can create,
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我们期待看到大家的创作，
06:56
so we conceived of a lab
that could be shipped anywhere.
that could be shipped anywhere.
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因此我们构想了一个
能够被运送到其他地方的实验室。
能够被运送到其他地方的实验室。
06:59
And then we built it.
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将这样的构想制作出来。
07:02
So on the facade
of the media lab is my lab,
of the media lab is my lab,
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这个媒体实验大楼的正面
是我的实验室，
是我的实验室，
07:04
that has about 30 points
of sensing per plant.
of sensing per plant.
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每株植物都有30个感应点。
07:08
If you know about the genome or genetics,
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如果你了解基因组或是遗传学，
07:11
this is the phenome, right?
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这就是表型组，对吧？
07:13
The phenomena.
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表型组呈现的现象。
07:15
When you say, "I like
the strawberries from Mexico,"
the strawberries from Mexico,"
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当你说，“我喜欢
墨西哥产的草莓，”
墨西哥产的草莓，”
07:17
you really like the strawberries
from the climate
from the climate
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你真正喜欢的是
在那样的气候条件下
在那样的气候条件下
07:19
that produced the expression
that you like.
that you like.
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生产出来的草莓。
07:22
So if you're coding climate --
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你可以把这样的气候编码 --
07:24
this much CO2, this much O2 creates
a recipe -- you're coding
a recipe -- you're coding
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多少二氧化碳，多少氧气
创建的菜谱--你可以通过编程
创建的菜谱--你可以通过编程
07:27
the expression of that plant,
the nutrition of that plant,
the nutrition of that plant,
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来控制植物的呈现状态，
和营养含量，
和营养含量，
07:30
the size of that plant, the shape,
the color, the texture.
the color, the texture.
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植物的尺寸，形状，颜色和质感。
07:35
We need data,
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我们需要数据，
07:36
so we put a bunch of sensors in there
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所以我们放了很多感应仪
07:38
to tell us what's going on.
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来为我们提供数据。
07:40
If you think of your houseplants,
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你可以回想一下家里的植物，
07:41
and you look at your houseplant
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你看着家里的植物
07:43
and you're super sad, because you're like,
187
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2012
很悲伤，因为你想
07:45
"Why are you dying? Won't you talk to me?"
188
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2016
“为什么你死了呢？
你会跟我说话吗？”
你会跟我说话吗？”
07:47
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
07:48
Farmers develop the most beautiful
fortune-telling eyes
fortune-telling eyes
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农民有着能预知未来的
最美的眼睛，
最美的眼睛，
07:51
by the time they're in their
late 60s and 70s.
late 60s and 70s.
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当他们在六七十岁的时候，
07:53
They can tell you when you
see that plant dying
see that plant dying
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他们能够告诉你
那株植物死亡
那株植物死亡
07:55
that it's a nitrogen deficiency,
a calcium deficiency
a calcium deficiency
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是因为土壤缺氮，缺钙，
07:58
or it needs more humidity.
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或是它需要更加湿润的空气环境。
07:59
Those beautiful eyes
are not being passed down.
are not being passed down.
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这些美丽的眼睛
不会传下去。
不会传下去。
08:03
These are eyes in the cloud of a farmer.
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这些是农民的眼睛。
08:06
We trend those data points over time.
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我们会持续收集数据信息。
08:08
We correlate those data points
to individual plants.
to individual plants.
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我们把这些数据点和
单独的植物联合。
单独的植物联合。
08:11
These are all the broccoli
in my lab that day, by IP address.
in my lab that day, by IP address.
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这些是那天我实验室里
所有花椰菜的 IP 地址数据。
所有花椰菜的 IP 地址数据。
08:15
(Laughter)
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483378
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（笑声）
08:16
We have IP-addressable broccoli.
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2721
我们有可追踪 IP 地址的花椰菜。
08:20
(Applause)
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488176
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（鼓掌）
08:24
So if that's not weird enough,
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如果这还不够怪异的话，
08:27
you can click one
and you get a plant profile.
and you get a plant profile.
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你可以点击这里
看到植物的档案。
看到植物的档案。
08:29
And what this tells you
is downloadable progress on that plant,
is downloadable progress on that plant,
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这向你展现了
那株植物可下载的生长过程，
那株植物可下载的生长过程，
08:32
but not like you'd think,
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不是你想象的那样，
08:34
it's not just when it's ready.
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不仅仅是在可食用的时候
通知你。
通知你。
08:35
When does it achieve
the nutrition that I need?
the nutrition that I need?
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它的养分什么时候
达到我的需求？
达到我的需求？
08:37
When does it achieve
the taste that I desire?
the taste that I desire?
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它的味道什么时候
符合我的期待？
符合我的期待？
08:41
Is it getting too much water?
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是不是水分太多了？
08:42
Is it getting too much sun?
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1912
是不是日晒太久了？
08:44
Alerts.
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都会提示的。
08:46
It can talk to me, it's conversant,
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它能够和我对话，
可以沟通，
可以沟通，
08:47
we have a language.
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我们可以语言对话。
08:50
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:51
(Applause)
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519855
4636
（鼓掌）
08:56
I think of that as the first user
on the plant Facebook, right?
on the plant Facebook, right?
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4779
我想，那是第一个
植物脸书的用户吧？
植物脸书的用户吧？
09:01
That's a plant profile
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1206
那时植物的档案
09:02
and that plant will start making friends.
219
530548
1993
植物会开始交朋友。
09:04
(Laughter)
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532565
1007
（笑声）
09:05
And I mean it -- it will make
friends with other plants
friends with other plants
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我是说真的--植物会开始
09:08
that use less nitrogen, more phosphorus,
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2127
和那些使用较少量氮，多一些磷，
09:10
less potassium.
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少些钾的植物交朋友。
09:11
We're going to learn about a complexity
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539910
1981
我们将会开始了解那些复杂的事
09:13
that we can only guess at now.
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541915
1617
现在只能靠猜想的事。
09:16
And they may not friend us back --
I don't know, they might friend us back,
I don't know, they might friend us back,
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544048
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它们也许不会和我们友好--
我不知道，也许它们也会和我们交好，
我不知道，也许它们也会和我们交好，
09:19
it depends on how we act.
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这取决于我们的行为。
09:20
So this is my lab now.
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1958
这是我现在的实验室。
09:23
It's a little bit more systematized,
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1738
这有点儿更加系统化，
09:25
my background is designing data centers
in hospitals of all things,
in hospitals of all things,
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3231
我的背景是设计医院的数据中心，
09:28
so I know a little bit about creating
a controlled environment.
a controlled environment.
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2968
我知道如何创建一个
可控的环境。
可控的环境。
09:31
And so --
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1150
于是 --
09:32
inside of this environment,
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560754
1643
在这个环境里，
09:34
we're experimenting
with all kinds of things.
with all kinds of things.
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2373
我们实验各种各样的东西。
09:36
This process, aeroponics, was developed
by NASA for Mir Space Station
by NASA for Mir Space Station
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4208
这个程序，空气种植法，
是 NASA 为了米尔空间站开发出来的，
是 NASA 为了米尔空间站开发出来的，
09:41
for reducing the amount of water
they send into space.
they send into space.
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569050
2548
能够减少他们需要传送到太空的水资源量。
09:43
What it really does is give the plant
exactly what it wants:
exactly what it wants:
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这个程序做的事是准确提供给植物
它们想要的东西。
它们想要的东西。
09:46
water, minerals and oxygen.
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1635
水，矿物质和氧气。
09:48
Roots are not that complicated,
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1492
根部没有那么复杂，
09:49
so when you give them that,
you get this amazing expression.
you get this amazing expression.
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3912
当你把这些输送给它们的时候，
你就能看到令人吃惊的效果。
你就能看到令人吃惊的效果。
09:54
It's like the plant has two hearts.
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3073
植物有两个心脏。
09:57
And because it has two hearts,
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1665
正因为有两个心脏，
09:59
it grows four or five times faster.
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587958
2069
它呈现 4-5 倍的高速增长。
10:02
It's a perfect world.
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590657
1154
这是个完美的世界。
10:03
We've gone a long way into technology
and seed for an adverse world
and seed for an adverse world
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3213
我们经历了漫长的技术发展
寻求一个不同的世界
寻求一个不同的世界
10:07
and we're going to continue to do that,
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595072
1865
我们将持续这样做，
10:08
but we're going to have a new tool, too,
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1913
但我们也会有新的工具，
10:10
which is perfect world.
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1683
这会是个完美的世界。
10:12
So we've grown all kinds of things.
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我们种植各种各样的东西。
10:14
These tomatoes hadn't been
in commercial production for 150 years.
in commercial production for 150 years.
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这些番茄在过去的 150 年间
都没有投入商业化生产。
都没有投入商业化生产。
10:18
Do you know that we have
rare and ancient seed banks?
rare and ancient seed banks?
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3274
你知道我们有少见的，古旧的
种子银行吗？
种子银行吗？
10:22
Banks of seed.
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1742
种子银行。
10:24
It's amazing.
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612078
1157
这太赞了。
10:25
They have germplasm alive
and things that you've never eaten.
and things that you've never eaten.
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2882
它们有活着的种质
你没有吃过的食物。
你没有吃过的食物。
10:28
I am the only person in this room
that's eaten that kind of tomato.
that's eaten that kind of tomato.
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3281
我是这个房间中唯一一个
吃过这种番茄的人。
吃过这种番茄的人。
10:31
Problem is it was a sauce tomato
and we don't know how to cook,
and we don't know how to cook,
256
619837
3001
问题是，这是酱汁番茄
我们不知道如何料理，
我们不知道如何料理，
10:34
so we ate a sauce tomato,
which is not that great.
which is not that great.
257
622862
2356
因此觉得酱汁番茄
似乎并不好吃。
似乎并不好吃。
10:37
But we've done things with protein --
we've grown all kinds of things.
we've grown all kinds of things.
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625242
3316
但是我们种过各种
含蛋白质的东西。
含蛋白质的东西。
10:40
We've grown humans --
259
628582
1173
我们种植过人类 --
10:41
(Laughter)
260
629779
1642
（笑声）
10:44
Well maybe you could, but we didn't.
261
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1732
也许你能，但我们不行。
10:45
But what we realized is,
262
633859
1596
我们意识到，
10:47
the tool was too big,
it was too expensive.
it was too expensive.
263
635479
2075
工具太大了，也太贵了。
10:49
I was starting to put them
around the world
around the world
264
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2004
我开始把它们放置在世界各地
10:51
and they were about 100,000 dollars.
265
639606
1817
价值大约 10 万美金。
10:53
Finding somebody with 100 grand
in their back pocket isn't easy,
in their back pocket isn't easy,
266
641447
3009
要找能随意支配
10 万美金的人并不容易，
10 万美金的人并不容易，
10:56
so we wanted to make a small one.
267
644480
1580
所以我们想要制作小型的工具。
10:58
This project was actually
one of my student's --
one of my student's --
268
646084
2297
这事实上
是我一个学生的项目--
是我一个学生的项目--
11:00
mechanical engineering
undergraduate, Camille.
undergraduate, Camille.
269
648405
2856
机械工程系本科生，卡米尔
11:03
So Camille and I and my team,
270
651851
1532
卡米尔和我，以及我的团队，
11:05
we iterated all summer,
271
653407
1858
我们花了整个暑假重复试验，
11:07
how to make it cheaper,
how to make it work better,
how to make it work better,
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2420
如何让它更便宜，
如何更好地运作，
如何更好地运作，
如何让他人也能够学会操作。
11:09
how to make it so other
people can make it.
people can make it.
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657733
2024
11:11
Then we dropped them off in schools,
seventh through eleventh grade.
seventh through eleventh grade.
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3303
然后我们把这些工具
送到学校给7到11级的孩子们。
送到学校给7到11级的孩子们。
11:15
And if you want to be humbled,
try to teach a kid something.
try to teach a kid something.
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2999
如果你想要变得谦逊，
试着去教孩子做些什么吧。
试着去教孩子做些什么吧。
11:18
So I went into this school and I said,
276
666131
1849
我去到这个学校，说到，
11:20
"Set it to 65 percent humidity."
277
668004
1893
“将它的湿度设定在65%”
11:21
The seventh grader
said, "What's humidity?"
said, "What's humidity?"
278
669921
2266
7年级的一个孩子问，
“什么湿度？”
“什么湿度？”
11:24
And I said, "Oh, it's water in air."
279
672211
1865
于是我说，“哦，是空气中的水。”
11:26
He said, "There's no water
in air, you're an idiot."
in air, you're an idiot."
280
674100
2444
他说，“空气中根本没有水，
你这个笨蛋。”
你这个笨蛋。”
11:28
(Laughter)
281
676568
1019
（笑声）
11:29
And I was like, "Alright, don't trust me.
282
677611
2009
于是我说，“好吧，别信我。
11:31
Actually -- don't trust me, right?
283
679644
1659
事实上-- 别信我，对吗？
11:33
Set it to 100.
284
681327
1151
将它设定到100。
11:34
He sets it to 100 and what happens?
285
682502
1705
他把湿度设定到100，
发生了什么呢？
发生了什么呢？
11:36
It starts to condense, make a fog
and eventually drip.
and eventually drip.
286
684231
2774
开始凝结，产生雾气，
最终开始滴水。
最终开始滴水。
11:39
And he says, "Oh. Humidity is rain.
287
687457
3224
然后他说， “哦，湿度是雨。
11:43
Why didn't you just tell me that?"
288
691372
1630
你之前为什么不这样跟我说呢？”
11:45
(Laughter)
289
693026
1970
（笑声）
11:47
We've created an interface
for this that's much like a game.
for this that's much like a game.
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695489
2843
我们创作的界面
看起来像是一个游戏。
看起来像是一个游戏。
11:50
They have a 3D environment,
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698356
1316
它们有 3D 环境，
11:51
they can log into it anywhere in the world
292
699696
2016
能够在世界各地登录
11:53
on their smartphone, on their tablet.
293
701736
1783
从手机上，电脑上。
11:55
They have different parts of the bots --
the physical, the sensors.
the physical, the sensors.
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703543
3427
程序里面有不同的部分--
物理调节，感应器。
物理调节，感应器。
11:58
They select recipes that have
been created by other kids
been created by other kids
295
706994
2640
他们选择了世界上
其他地区孩童们
其他地区孩童们
12:01
anywhere in the world.
296
709658
1150
已经创造的菜谱。
12:02
They select and activate that recipe,
they plant a seedling.
they plant a seedling.
297
710832
3031
他们选择并激活菜谱，
种下种子。
种下种子。
12:06
While it's growing, they make changes.
298
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1837
当种子生长的时候，
孩子们可以做出变化。
孩子们可以做出变化。
12:08
They're like, "Why does a plant
need CO2 anyway? Isn't CO2 bad?
need CO2 anyway? Isn't CO2 bad?
299
716185
3009
他们说，“植物为什么需要二氧化碳呢？
二氧化碳不是坏东西吗？
二氧化碳不是坏东西吗？
12:11
It kills people."
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719218
1151
能让人窒息。”
12:12
Crank up CO2, plant dies.
301
720393
1371
提高二氧化碳的供应量，植物死了。
12:14
Or crank down CO2, plant does very well.
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2997
降低二氧化碳的量，植物活得很好。
12:17
Harvest plant,
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1190
收获植物，
12:19
and you've created a new digital recipe.
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2167
你创建了新的电子菜谱。
12:21
It's an iterative design and development
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这是个反复的设计和发展
12:23
and exploration process.
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以及探索的过程。
12:25
They can download, then,
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他们可以下载
12:27
all of the data about that new plant
that they developed
that they developed
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他们开发的新植物的
所有数据，
所有数据，
12:30
or the new digital recipe
and what did it do --
and what did it do --
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2286
或是新的电子菜谱
它做了些什么--
它做了些什么--
12:32
was it better or was it worse?
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1444
是更好还是更坏呢？
12:33
Imagine these as little cores
of processing.
of processing.
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2126
想象这些是加工处理的
一个个核心要素。
一个个核心要素。
12:36
We're going to learn so much.
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1967
我们能学到很多的东西。
12:39
Here's one of the food computers,
as we call them,
as we call them,
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2698
这是一个我们称之为
食物计算机，
食物计算机，
12:42
in a school in three weeks' time.
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在一个学校里放了三周。
12:45
This is three weeks of growth.
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这是三周的种植。
12:47
But more importantly,
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1844
更重要的是，
12:49
it was the first time that this kid
ever thought he could be a farmer --
ever thought he could be a farmer --
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3960
这是第一次，
这个孩子认为他能够当农民--
这个孩子认为他能够当农民--
12:53
or that he would want to be a farmer.
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2116
或是，他想要成为一位农民。
12:56
So, we've open-sourced all of this.
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所以我们把这些资源公开。
12:58
It's all online; go home, try to build
your first food computer.
your first food computer.
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3086
都放在网上；回家，试着搭建
你的第一台食物计算机。
你的第一台食物计算机。
13:01
It's going to be difficult --
I'm just telling you.
I'm just telling you.
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这会很难--
我这样告诉你。
我这样告诉你。
13:03
We're in the beginning,
but it's all there.
but it's all there.
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2064
我们正在起步阶段，
但资源都在那里。
但资源都在那里。
13:05
It's very important to me
that this is easily accessible.
that this is easily accessible.
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2699
对我来说，让这些很容易取得
是非常重要的。
是非常重要的。
13:08
We're going to keep making it more so.
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1847
我们也会继续这样做。
13:10
These are farmers,
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1428
这些是农民，
13:13
electrical engineer, mechanical engineer,
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781016
1977
电子工程师，机械工程师，
13:15
environmental engineer,
computer scientist,
computer scientist,
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2033
环境工程师，
电脑科学家，
电脑科学家，
13:17
plant scientist,
economist, urban planners.
economist, urban planners.
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785074
2594
植物学家，
经济学家，城市规划师。
经济学家，城市规划师。
13:20
On one platform, doing
what they're good at.
what they're good at.
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2754
在一个平台上，
做他们各自擅长的事情。
做他们各自擅长的事情。
13:22
But we got a little too big.
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1824
团队变得太大了。
13:24
This is my new facility
that I'm just starting.
that I'm just starting.
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2832
这是我的新实验设备
正在开始运作。
正在开始运作。
13:27
This warehouse could be anywhere.
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1840
这个仓库可以建在任何地方。
13:30
That's why I chose it.
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1265
这就是我选择它的理由。
13:31
And inside of this warehouse
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1623
在这个仓库里面
13:33
we're going to build something
kind of like this.
kind of like this.
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2369
我们要搭建这样的架子。
13:35
These exist right now.
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1462
现在就可以看到。
13:37
Take a look at it.
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1227
看一下这个，
13:40
These exist, too.
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1331
这也存在。
13:42
One grows greens,
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1280
一个种植绿色蔬菜，
13:43
one grows Ebola vaccine.
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1581
一个种植伊波拉病毒疫苗。
13:46
Pretty amazing that plants
and this DARPA Grand Challenge winner
and this DARPA Grand Challenge winner
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814212
3914
很棒的是，植物和这个
美国国防部高级研究计划局优胜项目
美国国防部高级研究计划局优胜项目
13:50
is one of the reasons
we're getting ahead of Ebola.
we're getting ahead of Ebola.
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2496
是我们研究伊波拉病毒
卓有成效的原因。
卓有成效的原因。
13:53
The plants are producing
the protein that's Ebola resistant.
the protein that's Ebola resistant.
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3524
这些植物正在产生
对抗伊波拉病毒的蛋白质。
对抗伊波拉病毒的蛋白质。
13:57
So pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals,
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2538
所以药品和保健品，
13:59
all they way down to lettuce.
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827645
1516
再到生菜种植。
14:01
But these two things look nothing alike,
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829620
1938
但这两件事看起来
完全不一样，
完全不一样，
14:03
and that's where I am with my field.
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2277
那就是我在我自身领域的部分。
14:05
Everything is different.
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1389
但很多事并不是想象的那样。
14:07
We're in that weird "We're alright" stage
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3310
我们还在“我们是对的”这个阶段
14:10
and it's like, "Here's my black box --"
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1863
就像是，“这是我的小黑盒子 --”
14:12
"No, buy mine."
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840850
1151
“不，买我的。”
14:14
"No, no, no -- I've got intellectual
property that's totally valuable.
property that's totally valuable.
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3361
“不，不，不 -- 我的知识产权
绝对的有价值。
绝对的有价值。
14:17
Don't buy his, buy mine."
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845410
1200
不要买这个，买我的。”
14:18
And the reality is,
we're just at the beginning,
we're just at the beginning,
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2285
事实上是，
我们只是在开始阶段，
我们只是在开始阶段，
14:20
in a time when society is shifting, too.
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2143
这个时候，社会也在变化中。
14:23
When we ask for more, cheaper food,
356
851110
1715
当我们要更多，更便宜的食物，
14:24
we're now asking for better,
environmentally friendly food.
environmentally friendly food.
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3340
我们现在需要更优质，
环境友好的食物。
环境友好的食物。
14:28
And when you have McDonald's advertising
what's in the Chicken McNugget,
what's in the Chicken McNugget,
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856654
5313
但你看到麦当劳广告宣传
麦乐鸡的成分，
麦乐鸡的成分，
14:33
the most mysterious
food item of all time --
food item of all time --
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861991
2095
人类历史上最神秘的食物 --
14:36
they are now basing
their marketing plan on that --
their marketing plan on that --
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2737
麦当劳的市场广告计划
正在改变 --
正在改变 --
14:38
everything is changing.
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866871
1470
所有事情都在改变着。
14:40
So into the world now.
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1522
现在看看当今世界。
14:41
Personal food computers,
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1658
个人食物计算机，
14:44
food servers
364
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1150
食物服务器，
14:47
and food data centers
365
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1411
食物数据中心，
14:50
run on the open phenome.
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2419
在公开表型组运作。
14:53
Think open genome, but we're going
to put little climate recipes,
to put little climate recipes,
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881245
3229
就像公开基因组，但我们要
把小小的气候食谱综整起来，
把小小的气候食谱综整起来，
14:56
like Wikipedia,
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1161
像是维基百科那样，
14:57
that you can pull down, actuate and grow.
369
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3481
你可以推翻，开动，种植。
15:03
What does this look like in a world?
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1730
这看起来如何呢？
15:05
You remember the world
connected by strings?
connected by strings?
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2135
你记得世界是由细绳连接起来的？
15:07
We start having beacons.
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1547
开始出现培根了。
15:09
We start sending information about food,
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2086
我们开始发送关于食物的信息，
15:11
rather than sending food.
374
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1319
而不是分发食物。
15:13
This is not just my fantasy,
375
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1718
这不仅仅是我的幻想，
15:14
this is where we're already deploying.
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902991
2038
这是我们已经在开展的工作。
15:17
Food computers, food servers,
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905578
1689
食物计算机，食物服务器，
15:19
soon-to-be food data centers,
378
907291
1436
很快有的食物数据中心，
15:20
connecting people together
to share information.
to share information.
379
908751
2414
把人们连结在一起分享信息。
15:24
The future of food is not about fighting
over what's wrong with this.
over what's wrong with this.
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5357
食物的未来不是其错误奋战，
15:30
We know what's wrong with this.
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1826
我们都知道错在那里。
15:33
The future of food is about networking
the next one billion farmers
the next one billion farmers
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4515
未来的食物关乎
连结下一代 10 亿农民，
连结下一代 10 亿农民，
15:37
and empowering them with a platform
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2274
并且用问答的平台来
15:39
to ask and answer the question,
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2020
赋予他们力量，
15:42
"What if?"
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1335
“如果？”
15:44
Thank you.
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1171
谢谢。
15:45
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Caleb Harper - Principal Investigator and Director of the Open Agriculture InitiativeCaleb Harper leads a group of engineers, architects, urban planners, economists and plant scientists in the exploration and development of high performance urban agricultural systems.
Why you should listen
What do we know about the food we eat? What if there was climate democracy? These and other questions inform the work of Caleb Harper and his colleagues as they explore the future of food systems. He is the principal investigator and director of the Open Agriculture Initiative (OpenAG) at the MIT Media Lab. Under his guidance, a diverse group of engineers, architects, urbanists, economists and plant scientists (what he calls an “anti-disciplinary group”) is developing an open-source agricultural hardware, software and data common aiming to create a more agile, transparent and collaborative food system.
Caleb Harper | Speaker | TED.com