TEDGlobal>Geneva
Caleb Harper: This computer will grow your food in the future
迦勒．哈珀: 這台電腦未來會幫你耕作食物
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如果我們可以在世界各地的室內種出美味、高營養的食物，那會是如何呢？迦勒．哈珀（Caleb Harper）麻省理工學院多媒體實驗室裡的城市農田負責人，想要藉由連結耕種人與科技來改變食物系統。來了解一下哈珀的「食物電腦」，並窺探一眼未來的耕種技術可能會是怎樣的情況。
Caleb Harper - Principal Investigator and Director of the Open Agriculture Initiative
Caleb Harper leads a group of engineers, architects, urban planners, economists and plant scientists in the exploration and development of high performance urban agricultural systems. Full bio
Caleb Harper leads a group of engineers, architects, urban planners, economists and plant scientists in the exploration and development of high performance urban agricultural systems. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Food crisis.
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食物危機。
00:14
It's in the news every day.
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每天新聞都報導。
00:16
But what is it?
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但，它到底是甚麼？
00:17
Some places in the world
it's too little food,
it's too little food,
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世界上有些地方食物短缺？
00:20
maybe too much.
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有些地方產量過剩？
00:21
Other places, GMO is saving the world.
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有人說，基因改造食品可以拯救世界。
00:24
Maybe GMO is the problem?
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但也有人說，基改食品有問題？
00:27
Too much agricultural runoff
creating bad oceans, toxic oceans,
creating bad oceans, toxic oceans,
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大量的農業逕流造成海洋的破壞、
00:30
attenuation of nutrition.
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海洋的毒害、土壤營養的流失。
00:32
They go on and on.
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這些災難永無止盡，沒完沒了。
00:34
And I find the current climate
of this discussion
of this discussion
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我發現目前對氣候變化的討論，
00:38
incredibly disempowering.
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真的令人很沒力。
00:41
So how do we bring that
to something that we understand?
to something that we understand?
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所以，我們對食物危機到底了解多少呢？
00:45
How is this apple food crisis?
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這個蘋果的食物危機又是如何呢？
00:48
You've all eaten an apple
in the last week, I'm sure.
in the last week, I'm sure.
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我確定，各位上禮拜都有吃蘋果。
00:51
How old do you think it was
from when it was picked?
from when it was picked?
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你認為蘋果從摘下後，
會花多久的時間被買走？
會花多久的時間被買走？
00:55
Two weeks?
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兩個禮拜？
00:56
Two months?
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兩個月？
00:58
Eleven months --
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答案是11個月--
01:00
the average age of an apple
in a grocery store in the United States.
in a grocery store in the United States.
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這是蘋果在美國食品雜貨店
的平均存放時間。
的平均存放時間。
01:03
And I don't expect it
to be much different in Europe
to be much different in Europe
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我不認為歐洲或世界上的其它國家
01:05
or anywhere else in the world.
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會有多大的不同。
01:07
We pick them,
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我們摘下蔬果後，
01:08
we put them in cold storage,
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放進冷凍庫裡，
01:10
we gas the cold storage --
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灌冷媒到冷凍庫--
01:12
there's actually documented proof
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已經有文件證明，
01:13
of workers trying to go
into these environments
into these environments
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工人進入這些環境
01:16
to retrieve an apple,
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取回蘋果時，
01:17
and dying,
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常常不幸身亡。
01:19
because the atmosphere
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因為如果拿蘋果的過程太慢在冷凍庫中待太久，
01:20
that they slow down the process
of the apple with is also toxic to humans.
of the apple with is also toxic to humans.
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冷凍庫裡面的空氣
會毒害人類。
會毒害人類。
01:25
How is it that none of you knew this?
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為什麼你們沒有人知道這件事？
01:27
Why didn't I know this?
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為什麼我不知道這件事？
01:29
Ninety percent of the quality
of that apple --
of that apple --
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90%的蘋果在我們購買之前，
01:31
all of the antioxidants -- are gone
by the time we get it.
by the time we get it.
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早就已經流失掉它所有的
抗氧化劑（維生素C ）。
抗氧化劑（維生素C ）。
01:34
It's basically a little ball of sugar.
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基本上它只是一顆小糖球。
01:38
How did we get so information poor
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我們怎麼都不知道這些資訊？
01:40
and how can we do better?
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要怎麼做才能改善？
01:43
I think what's missing is a platform.
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我認為原因是缺少平台。
我知道平台--我懂電腦，
01:46
I know platforms -- I know computers,
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01:48
they put me on the Internet
when I was young.
when I was young.
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我年輕的時候就會上網
在平台上搞一些有的沒的--
01:50
I did very weird things --
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01:51
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:52
on this platform.
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01:54
But I met people,
and I could express myself.
and I could express myself.
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我遇到其他人，我自己可以向他們解釋。
01:56
How do you express yourself in food?
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但你要如何闡述你自己對食物的看法？
01:58
If we had a platform,
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如果我們有一個平台，
02:00
we might feel empowered
to question: What if?
to question: What if?
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我們也許就覺得能夠可以直接問：
如果這樣....會如何呢？
如果這樣....會如何呢？
02:04
For me, I questioned:
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對我而言，我會問：
02:05
What if climate was democratic?
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如果氣候到處都相同，會如何呢？
02:09
So, this is a map of climate in the world.
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這是一張全球的氣候地圖。
02:11
The most productive areas in green,
the least productive in red.
the least productive in red.
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最有產量的地方是綠色的，
最沒產量的地方是紅色的。
最沒產量的地方是紅色的。
這些區域會移動、改變，
02:15
They shift and they change,
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02:16
and Californian farmers
now become Mexican farmers.
now become Mexican farmers.
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現在加州的農夫變成
墨西哥的農夫。
墨西哥的農夫。
02:19
China picks up land in Brazil
to grow better food,
to grow better food,
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中國挑選了巴西的土地
來耕作更好的食物，
來耕作更好的食物，
02:22
and we're a slave to climate.
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而我們受氣候的控制。
02:26
What if each country had
its own productive climate?
its own productive climate?
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如果每個國家有自己的優良氣候條件
來從事生產，會如何呢？
來從事生產，會如何呢？
02:29
What would that change about how we live?
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對我們的生活會有甚麼變化呢？
02:32
What would that change
about quality of life and nutrition?
about quality of life and nutrition?
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對我們的生活品質與
養份會有甚麼變化呢？
養份會有甚麼變化呢？
02:36
The last generation's problem
was, we need more food
was, we need more food
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下一個世代的最大問題就是，
02:39
and we need it cheap.
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我們需要更多並且便宜的食物。
02:41
Welcome to your global farm.
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歡迎來到你的地球農田。
02:43
We built a huge analog farm.
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我們建立了一個很大的模擬農田。
02:45
All these traces --
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上面這些線條痕跡--
02:47
these are cars, planes,
trains and automobiles.
trains and automobiles.
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就是車輛、飛機、火車、
自動車的運輸線。
自動車的運輸線。
02:50
It's a miracle that we feed
seven billion people
seven billion people
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我們當中只有少數人參與食物的生產，
02:53
with just a few of us involved
in the production of food.
in the production of food.
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卻養活了全世界70億人口，
這根本是奇蹟啊 !
這根本是奇蹟啊 !
02:57
What if ...
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如果...
02:59
we built a digital farm?
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我們建造一個數位農田會如何呢？
03:01
A digital world farm.
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數位地球農田呢。
03:02
What if you could take this apple,
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要是如果你可以把這顆蘋果
以某種方式數位化後，
03:06
digitize it somehow,
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03:07
send it through particles in the air
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將它的資料傳送到雲端，
03:10
and reconstitute it on the other side?
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然後在另一個地方重組起來，
03:13
What if?
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會怎麼樣呢？
03:15
Going through some of these quotes,
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思考這些問題後，
03:17
you know, they inspire me to do what I do.
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它們激勵了我去做我想做的事。
03:19
First one:
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第一：
03:20
["Japanese farming has no youth,
no water, no land and no future."]
no water, no land and no future."]
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「日本農業沒有年輕人的朝氣、
沒乾淨的水、土地，沒有未來。」
沒乾淨的水、土地，沒有未來。」
03:24
That's what I landed to the day
that I went to Minamisanriku,
that I went to Minamisanriku,
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日本福島災害後，
我飛往日本的南三陸町，
03:28
one stop south of Fukushima,
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它是位於福島再朝南方的一個地點。
03:30
after the disaster.
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03:31
The kids have headed to Sendai and Tokyo,
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小孩子已經前往仙台與東京避難，
03:34
the land is contaminated,
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因為土地已經受到汙染，
03:35
they already import 70 percent
of their own food.
of their own food.
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他們有70％的食物需依賴進口。
03:38
But it's not unique to Japan.
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但不僅有日本是如此而已。
03:40
Two percent of the American population
is involved in farming.
is involved in farming.
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美國人口的2%從事農業相關工作。
對任何國家2%的人口而言，
他們的正確答案是甚麼？
他們的正確答案是甚麼？
03:45
What good answer comes
from two percent of any population?
from two percent of any population?
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當我們放眼全世界時，
03:49
As we go around the world,
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03:51
50 percent of the African
population is under 18.
population is under 18.
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有50%的非洲人口是18歲以下。
03:55
Eighty percent don't want to be farmers.
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80%的人不想當農夫。
03:58
Farming is hard.
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種田太辛苦了。
04:00
The life of a small-shareholder
farmer is miserable.
farmer is miserable.
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小股東農夫的生活真是苦不堪言。
他們跑到城市找工作。
04:05
They go into the city.
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04:06
In India:
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在印度：
04:08
farmers' families not being able
to have basic access to utilities,
to have basic access to utilities,
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農夫的家庭沒有能力購買基本的農耕工具，
04:11
more farmer suicides this year
and the previous 10 before that.
and the previous 10 before that.
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跟10年前比起來，
今年有更多的農夫自殺。
今年有更多的農夫自殺。
04:15
It's uncomfortable to talk about.
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說到這些真的很令人難過。
04:17
Where are they going?
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他們去哪了？
04:18
Into the city.
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去都市了。
04:20
No young people, and everyone's headed in.
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每個人都到都市去，這裡已經沒有年輕人。
04:22
So how do we build this platform
that inspires the youth?
that inspires the youth?
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所以，我們要如何建立平台來留住年輕人？
04:27
Welcome to the new tractor.
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歡迎來到新的牽引器。
04:29
This is my combine.
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這是我組裝的。
04:32
A number of years ago now,
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幾年前，
04:33
I went to Bed Bath and Beyond
and Home Depot
and Home Depot
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我到Bed Bath 、
Beyond、Home Depot，
Beyond、Home Depot，
04:35
and I started hacking.
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開始投入這方面的工作。
04:36
And I built silly things
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我做了一些沒用的東西，
04:38
and I made plants dance
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讓植物跳舞，
04:39
and I attached them to my computer
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把它們連結到電腦，
04:41
and I killed them all --
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還把它們全部毀掉--
04:42
a lot.
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我還做過其他很多傻事。
04:44
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
但我最後還是知道如何種植蔬果。
04:45
I eventually got them to survive.
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04:47
And I created one of the most
intimate relationships
intimate relationships
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我建立了我人生中
一個最親密的關係，
04:49
I've ever had in my life,
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04:51
because I was learning
the language of plants.
the language of plants.
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因為我在學習植物的語言。
我想把這些種植發揚光大。
04:55
I wanted to make it bigger.
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04:56
They said, "Knock yourself out, kid!
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他們說，「放手做吧，孩子！
04:58
Here's an old electronics room
that nobody wants.
that nobody wants.
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這裡有一間沒人要的電子工作室。
05:01
What can you do?"
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你要怎麼做呢？
05:03
With my team, we built a farm
inside of the media lab,
inside of the media lab,
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我跟我的團體在多媒體實驗室，
建立了一個農場，
建立了一個農場，
05:05
a place historically known
not for anything about biology
not for anything about biology
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一個以前大家都知道，除了
每樣東西都與數位生活有關，
每樣東西都與數位生活有關，
05:09
but everything about digital life.
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根本不會想到與生物學有關的地方。
05:12
Inside of these 60 square feet,
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在這個不到兩坪的地方，
05:14
we produced enough food to feed
about 300 people once a month --
about 300 people once a month --
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我們每個月生產了
足夠供300人吃的食物--
足夠供300人吃的食物--
05:18
not a lot of food.
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不是很多的食物。
05:19
And there's a lot of interesting
technology in there.
technology in there.
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但在那裏發生很多的科學趣事。
05:21
But the most interesting thing?
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但最有趣的事是什麼？
05:24
Beautiful, white roots,
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就是漂亮白色的根、
05:26
deep, green colors
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深綠色的蔬菜、
以及每個月的收成。
05:29
and a monthly harvest.
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05:31
Is this a new cafeteria?
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這是一家新的自助餐廳嗎？
05:34
Is this a new retail experience?
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這是新的購物體驗嗎？
還是新的雜貨店？
05:38
Is this a new grocery store?
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05:39
I can tell you one thing for sure:
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有一點我可以確定的是：
這是第一次，任何一位多媒體實驗室的人
05:42
this is the first time
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05:43
anybody in the media lab
ripped the roots off of anything.
ripped the roots off of anything.
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都可以來這裡拔走任何食物。
05:46
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
05:48
We get our salad in bags;
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我們自己把生菜裝進袋子；
05:50
there's nothing wrong with that.
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這不會有問題的。
05:52
But what happens
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但要是
05:53
when you have an image-based
processing expert,
processing expert,
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你有一個圖像基礎的程序專家、
05:57
a data scientist,
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一個數據科學家、
05:58
a roboticist,
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一個機器人、
06:00
ripping roots off and thinking,
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可以幫你拔菜與思考，
06:02
"Huh. I know something about --
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你會不會也會這樣想
＂恩，我知道一些--
＂恩，我知道一些--
06:04
I could make this happen, I want to try."
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我也可以做這件事，
我想要試試＂。
我想要試試＂。
06:07
In that process we would
bring the plants out
bring the plants out
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在種植程序中，我們會把植物拿出來，
06:09
and we would take some back to the lab,
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我們會把一些放回實驗室，
06:11
because if you grew it,
you don't throw it away;
you don't throw it away;
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因為你要是種它，你就不會把它丟掉；
06:13
it's kind of precious to you.
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因為它對你而言，就像寶貝一樣。
06:15
I have this weird tongue now,
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我現在有一些怪癖，
06:16
because I'm afraid to let anybody eat
anything until I've eaten it first,
anything until I've eaten it first,
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因為在我把食物給任何人之前，
我都會先試吃，
我都會先試吃，
06:20
because I want it to be good.
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因為我要確定這食物是好的。
06:21
So I eat lettuce every day
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所以，我每天都會吃生菜
06:22
and I can tell the pH
of a lettuce within .1.
of a lettuce within .1.
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我可以分辨生菜裡面的
PH值到0.1個單位的誤差...
PH值到0.1個單位的誤差...
06:25
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
06:26
I'm like, "No, that's 6.1 -- no,
no, you can't eat it today."
no, you can't eat it today."
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我會說，＂不行，那個菜是6.1
不行、不行，你今天不能吃它＂。
不行、不行，你今天不能吃它＂。
06:29
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
這個生菜到那一天會超級甜。
06:34
This lettuce that day was hyper sweet.
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06:37
It was hyper sweet
because the plant had been stressed
because the plant had been stressed
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它會超級甜，因為植物
會因為壓力的關係，
會因為壓力的關係，
06:39
and it created a chemical reaction
in the plant to protect itself:
in the plant to protect itself:
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建造出一種化學反應
來保護它自己：
來保護它自己：
06:43
"I'm not going to die!"
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「我不要死啊！」
06:44
And the plants not-going-to-die,
taste sweet to me.
taste sweet to me.
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但菜不會死，而且嚐起來很甜。
06:48
Technologists falling backwards
into plant physiology.
into plant physiology.
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科學家退回到要投入
研究植物的生理機能。
研究植物的生理機能。
06:51
So we thought other people
needed to be able to try this.
needed to be able to try this.
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所以，我們想讓其他人
也有能力也可以嘗試看看。
也有能力也可以嘗試看看。
06:54
We want to see what people can create,
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我們想看看大家可以創造出甚麼，
06:56
so we conceived of a lab
that could be shipped anywhere.
that could be shipped anywhere.
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所以，我們構想出一個
可以被運送到任何地方的實驗室。
可以被運送到任何地方的實驗室。
06:59
And then we built it.
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然後，我們建造了它。
07:02
So on the facade
of the media lab is my lab,
of the media lab is my lab,
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所以，多媒體實驗室的
正面是我的實驗室，
正面是我的實驗室，
07:04
that has about 30 points
of sensing per plant.
of sensing per plant.
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每一個植物都有30個監測點。
07:08
If you know about the genome or genetics,
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如果你了解基因組或遺傳學，
07:11
this is the phenome, right?
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這就是「基因體外的所有現象」研究，對吧？
07:13
The phenomena.
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各種呈現的現象。
07:15
When you say, "I like
the strawberries from Mexico,"
the strawberries from Mexico,"
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例如，當你說，
「我喜歡來自墨西哥的草莓，」
「我喜歡來自墨西哥的草莓，」
07:17
you really like the strawberries
from the climate
from the climate
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你真的很喜歡當地氣候
07:19
that produced the expression
that you like.
that you like.
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所呈現種植出來的草莓，
07:22
So if you're coding climate --
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所以，如果你把氣候的
條件用電腦編碼--
條件用電腦編碼--
07:24
this much CO2, this much O2 creates
a recipe -- you're coding
a recipe -- you're coding
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這會有點像是你在編食譜--
這邊二氧化碳多一點，這邊氧氣多一點，
這邊二氧化碳多一點，這邊氧氣多一點，
07:27
the expression of that plant,
the nutrition of that plant,
the nutrition of that plant,
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這個植物的外表呈現、
這個植物的內部養分、
這個植物的內部養分、
07:30
the size of that plant, the shape,
the color, the texture.
the color, the texture.
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這個植物的大小、形狀、
顏色、紋路．．．等等。
顏色、紋路．．．等等。
我們需要數據。
07:35
We need data,
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07:36
so we put a bunch of sensors in there
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所以，我們在裡面放了很多感應器，
07:38
to tell us what's going on.
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來告訴我們裡面發生甚麼事。
07:40
If you think of your houseplants,
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如果你在想念你的室內植物，
07:41
and you look at your houseplant
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你會看著它，
並超級傷心地說，
07:43
and you're super sad, because you're like,
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＂為什麼你要死？為什麼不跟我說話？＂
07:45
"Why are you dying? Won't you talk to me?"
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453185
2016
07:47
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
07:48
Farmers develop the most beautiful
fortune-telling eyes
fortune-telling eyes
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農夫在他們60到70歲時，
07:51
by the time they're in their
late 60s and 70s.
late 60s and 70s.
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會發展出相當精準的判斷眼光，
07:53
They can tell you when you
see that plant dying
see that plant dying
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他們可以告訴你，
當你看到植物要死了，
當你看到植物要死了，
07:55
that it's a nitrogen deficiency,
a calcium deficiency
a calcium deficiency
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是因為養分不足，鈣不足，
07:58
or it needs more humidity.
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或它需要更多的濕氣。
07:59
Those beautiful eyes
are not being passed down.
are not being passed down.
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2315
但這些精準的判斷眼光
並沒有被流傳下來。
並沒有被流傳下來。
這些是雲端上的農夫眼睛。
08:03
These are eyes in the cloud of a farmer.
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08:06
We trend those data points over time.
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它們會持續追蹤這些數據。
08:08
We correlate those data points
to individual plants.
to individual plants.
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並根據不同的植物來變更這些數據點。
08:11
These are all the broccoli
in my lab that day, by IP address.
in my lab that day, by IP address.
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這是那一天我實驗室裡
花椰菜的IP 位址。
花椰菜的IP 位址。
08:15
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
08:16
We have IP-addressable broccoli.
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2721
我們有可以位址化的IP花椰菜。
08:20
(Applause)
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488176
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（掌聲）
08:24
So if that's not weird enough,
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所以，如果這還不夠奇怪，
08:27
you can click one
and you get a plant profile.
and you get a plant profile.
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你可以點選其中一個，
就可以得到植物檔案。
就可以得到植物檔案。
08:29
And what this tells you
is downloadable progress on that plant,
is downloadable progress on that plant,
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而這告訴你，這些植物
的栽種過程是可以下載的，
的栽種過程是可以下載的，
08:32
but not like you'd think,
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但它甚麼時候可以吃，
08:34
it's not just when it's ready.
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會跟你想的不太一樣。
08:35
When does it achieve
the nutrition that I need?
the nutrition that I need?
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它的養分甚麼時候可以
達到我需要的狀況？
達到我需要的狀況？
08:37
When does it achieve
the taste that I desire?
the taste that I desire?
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它的口味甚麼時候可以
達到我渴望的狀況？
達到我渴望的狀況？
08:41
Is it getting too much water?
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它是不是水分太多了？
08:42
Is it getting too much sun?
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它是不是曬太多陽光了？
08:44
Alerts.
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都可以警示的。
08:46
It can talk to me, it's conversant,
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它可以和我們對話，
08:47
we have a language.
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它很精通我們的語言。
08:50
(Laughter)
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1788
（笑聲）
08:51
(Applause)
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519855
4636
（掌聲）
08:56
I think of that as the first user
on the plant Facebook, right?
on the plant Facebook, right?
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我覺得這就像在植物臉書上
的第一個使用者，對吧？
的第一個使用者，對吧？
09:01
That's a plant profile
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1206
這是植物的個人檔案，
09:02
and that plant will start making friends.
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530548
1993
植物會開始自己找朋友。
09:04
(Laughter)
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532565
1007
（笑聲）
09:05
And I mean it -- it will make
friends with other plants
friends with other plants
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533596
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我是認真的--
它會跟其它使用較少氮、更多磷
09:08
that use less nitrogen, more phosphorus,
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09:10
less potassium.
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1198
較少鉀的植物做朋友。
09:11
We're going to learn about a complexity
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我們要開始學習
目前只能用猜的那些複雜東西。
09:13
that we can only guess at now.
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1617
09:16
And they may not friend us back --
I don't know, they might friend us back,
I don't know, they might friend us back,
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也許它們不會想跟我們交朋友
--我不知道，但也許會
--我不知道，但也許會
這取決於我們的行為。
09:19
it depends on how we act.
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1199
09:20
So this is my lab now.
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1958
這是我實驗室現在的樣子。
09:23
It's a little bit more systematized,
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它現在系統化多了，
09:25
my background is designing data centers
in hospitals of all things,
in hospitals of all things,
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3231
我的背景專長是在醫院
設計數據中心之類的事，
設計數據中心之類的事，
09:28
so I know a little bit about creating
a controlled environment.
a controlled environment.
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所以，我算有點知道如何
創造一個可以控制的環境。
創造一個可以控制的環境。
09:31
And so --
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所以，
在這環境裡面--
09:32
inside of this environment,
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1643
09:34
we're experimenting
with all kinds of things.
with all kinds of things.
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我們正在做各式各樣的實驗。
09:36
This process, aeroponics, was developed
by NASA for Mir Space Station
by NASA for Mir Space Station
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4208
這是美國太空總署為Mir太空站
研發的空氣種植法，
研發的空氣種植法，
09:41
for reducing the amount of water
they send into space.
they send into space.
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目的是為了要降低他們
要送到外太空的水總量。
要送到外太空的水總量。
09:43
What it really does is give the plant
exactly what it wants:
exactly what it wants:
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它的方法只是給予植物想要的：
水、礦物質、氧氣。
09:46
water, minerals and oxygen.
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1635
09:48
Roots are not that complicated,
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植物的根沒那麼複雜，
09:49
so when you give them that,
you get this amazing expression.
you get this amazing expression.
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你只要給它們這些，
它們就會長的很漂亮。
它們就會長的很漂亮。
09:54
It's like the plant has two hearts.
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這有點像植物有2顆心臟。
09:57
And because it has two hearts,
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因為它有2顆心臟，
09:59
it grows four or five times faster.
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2069
它的成長速度會快五倍。
10:02
It's a perfect world.
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1154
這是完美的世界。
10:03
We've gone a long way into technology
and seed for an adverse world
and seed for an adverse world
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3213
我們的科技相當進步，並為這
崩壞的世界預留了很多種子，
崩壞的世界預留了很多種子，
10:07
and we're going to continue to do that,
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1865
而我們會持續這樣做，
10:08
but we're going to have a new tool, too,
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1913
我們也有一個新工具，
10:10
which is perfect world.
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1683
也是為了這完美的世界。
10:12
So we've grown all kinds of things.
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所以，我們種植各樣的東西。
10:14
These tomatoes hadn't been
in commercial production for 150 years.
in commercial production for 150 years.
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這些番茄已經150年沒在市場上出現過。
你知道我們有稀有的
和古老的種子銀行嗎？
和古老的種子銀行嗎？
10:18
Do you know that we have
rare and ancient seed banks?
rare and ancient seed banks?
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3274
種子的銀行。
10:22
Banks of seed.
252
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1742
10:24
It's amazing.
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太神奇了。
10:25
They have germplasm alive
and things that you've never eaten.
and things that you've never eaten.
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2882
他們有活的種質資源
還有你從未吃過的東西。
還有你從未吃過的東西。
10:28
I am the only person in this room
that's eaten that kind of tomato.
that's eaten that kind of tomato.
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3281
我是這裡唯一吃過這類番茄的人。
10:31
Problem is it was a sauce tomato
and we don't know how to cook,
and we don't know how to cook,
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3001
問題是，它是一種調味番茄，
而且我們也不知道怎麼料理它，
而且我們也不知道怎麼料理它，
10:34
so we ate a sauce tomato,
which is not that great.
which is not that great.
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2356
所以，我們這個調味番茄
吃起來美那麼美味。
吃起來美那麼美味。
10:37
But we've done things with protein --
we've grown all kinds of things.
we've grown all kinds of things.
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3316
但我們可以調整蛋白質
來種出各式各樣的植物。
來種出各式各樣的植物。
10:40
We've grown humans --
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1173
我們也可以種植人類--
10:41
(Laughter)
260
629779
1642
（笑聲）
10:44
Well maybe you could, but we didn't.
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1732
也許你可以，但我們不行。
10:45
But what we realized is,
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1596
但我們明白，
10:47
the tool was too big,
it was too expensive.
it was too expensive.
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2075
這工具太貴、太大了。
10:49
I was starting to put them
around the world
around the world
264
637578
2004
我想把它們推廣到全世界，
10:51
and they were about 100,000 dollars.
265
639606
1817
但這要10萬多美金。
10:53
Finding somebody with 100 grand
in their back pocket isn't easy,
in their back pocket isn't easy,
266
641447
3009
找到一個口袋裡有
10萬美金的人並不容易，
10萬美金的人並不容易，
10:56
so we wanted to make a small one.
267
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1580
所以，我們想要做小一點的。
10:58
This project was actually
one of my student's --
one of my student's --
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2297
這個實際上這是我一位學生的研究專案--
11:00
mechanical engineering
undergraduate, Camille.
undergraduate, Camille.
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2856
一位名叫Camille的機械工程大學生。
11:03
So Camille and I and my team,
270
651851
1532
Camille和我及我的團隊，
11:05
we iterated all summer,
271
653407
1858
我們整個夏天反覆進行改造，
11:07
how to make it cheaper,
how to make it work better,
how to make it work better,
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2420
怎麼把它變得便宜，
怎麼讓它可以運作地更好，
怎麼讓它可以運作地更好，
11:09
how to make it so other
people can make it.
people can make it.
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2024
怎麼把它變得讓每個人都可以做的到。
11:11
Then we dropped them off in schools,
seventh through eleventh grade.
seventh through eleventh grade.
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3303
我們把這個平台載去給有
7到11年級學生的學校。
7到11年級學生的學校。
11:15
And if you want to be humbled,
try to teach a kid something.
try to teach a kid something.
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2999
如果你想變得謙卑，
試著去教小朋友一些東西。
試著去教小朋友一些東西。
11:18
So I went into this school and I said,
276
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1849
所以，我們到了學校，我說，
11:20
"Set it to 65 percent humidity."
277
668004
1893
「把它設定在65%的溼度。」
11:21
The seventh grader
said, "What's humidity?"
said, "What's humidity?"
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669921
2266
七年級生問說，「溼度是甚麼？」
11:24
And I said, "Oh, it's water in air."
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1865
我說，「喔，濕度就是空氣中的水。」
11:26
He said, "There's no water
in air, you're an idiot."
in air, you're an idiot."
280
674100
2444
他說，「空氣中沒有水，你這笨蛋。」
11:28
(Laughter)
281
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1019
（笑聲）
11:29
And I was like, "Alright, don't trust me.
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2009
然後我說，「好，好，好，不要相信我」
11:31
Actually -- don't trust me, right?
283
679644
1659
完全--不要相信我，好嗎？
11:33
Set it to 100.
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1151
把濕度設定到100。
11:34
He sets it to 100 and what happens?
285
682502
1705
他把濕度設定到100後，發生甚麼事？
11:36
It starts to condense, make a fog
and eventually drip.
and eventually drip.
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684231
2774
濕氣開始凝結，變成霧，然後開始滴水。
11:39
And he says, "Oh. Humidity is rain.
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3224
然後他說，「喔！濕度是雨啦！
你為什麼不早點跟我講啦？」
11:43
Why didn't you just tell me that?"
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1630
11:45
(Laughter)
289
693026
1970
（笑聲）
我們已經為這個開發一個
程式介面，它有點像遊戲。
程式介面，它有點像遊戲。
11:47
We've created an interface
for this that's much like a game.
for this that's much like a game.
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11:50
They have a 3D environment,
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它們有一個3D的環境，
11:51
they can log into it anywhere in the world
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學生可以在世界任何一個地方
11:53
on their smartphone, on their tablet.
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用他們的智慧型手機、平板登錄進去。
11:55
They have different parts of the bots --
the physical, the sensors.
the physical, the sensors.
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程式裡面有機械上不同的部件--
物理條件、感應器。
物理條件、感應器。
11:58
They select recipes that have
been created by other kids
been created by other kids
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他們選擇了一個世界上其他小朋友
已經做出來的植物食譜。
12:01
anywhere in the world.
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12:02
They select and activate that recipe,
they plant a seedling.
they plant a seedling.
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他們選完後把它激活，
種下了一個幼苗。
種下了一個幼苗。
當開始成長，它們就會開始變化。
12:06
While it's growing, they make changes.
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12:08
They're like, "Why does a plant
need CO2 anyway? Isn't CO2 bad?
need CO2 anyway? Isn't CO2 bad?
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他們會問說，「為什麼植物一定需要二氧化碳？
二氧化碳不是不好的嗎？
二氧化碳不是不好的嗎？
12:11
It kills people."
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二氧化碳不是有害的嗎？」
12:12
Crank up CO2, plant dies.
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調高二氧化碳的效率，植物會死掉。
12:14
Or crank down CO2, plant does very well.
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或是降低二氧化碳的效率，
植物會活得很好。
植物會活得很好。
12:17
Harvest plant,
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收割植物後，
代表你創造了一個新的數位食譜。
12:19
and you've created a new digital recipe.
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12:21
It's an iterative design and development
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這是一個互動、發展
12:23
and exploration process.
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探索的過程。
12:25
They can download, then,
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然後，他們可以下載
12:27
all of the data about that new plant
that they developed
that they developed
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所有新植物發展出來的數據，
12:30
or the new digital recipe
and what did it do --
and what did it do --
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或者新的數據食譜，
觀看它是如何成長的--
觀看它是如何成長的--
12:32
was it better or was it worse?
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有沒有更好，或更糟糕？
想像一下這些是過程的核心。
12:33
Imagine these as little cores
of processing.
of processing.
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12:36
We're going to learn so much.
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我們會學到很多。
這是其中一台食物電腦，
12:39
Here's one of the food computers,
as we call them,
as we call them,
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我們在學校的三個禮拜這樣稱呼它。
12:42
in a school in three weeks' time.
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這是它在學校三個禮拜以來的成長過程。
12:45
This is three weeks of growth.
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12:47
But more importantly,
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但更重要的是，
12:49
it was the first time that this kid
ever thought he could be a farmer --
ever thought he could be a farmer --
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這位小朋友從來沒想過
他會是個農夫--
他會是個農夫--
否則他會想當個農夫。
12:53
or that he would want to be a farmer.
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所以，我們把這些資源全部開放。
12:56
So, we've open-sourced all of this.
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12:58
It's all online; go home, try to build
your first food computer.
your first food computer.
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它們都在網路上，回家，
嘗試去建造你的第一部食物電腦吧！
嘗試去建造你的第一部食物電腦吧！
13:01
It's going to be difficult --
I'm just telling you.
I'm just telling you.
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我得告訴你，要組裝起來並不容易。
13:03
We're in the beginning,
but it's all there.
but it's all there.
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我們雖然剛開始，但它都在網路上。
13:05
It's very important to me
that this is easily accessible.
that this is easily accessible.
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對我而言，容易取得
這些東西很重要。
這些東西很重要。
13:08
We're going to keep making it more so.
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我們也會持續做的更多。
這些人是農夫，
13:10
These are farmers,
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13:13
electrical engineer, mechanical engineer,
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他們是電子工程師、機械工程師、
13:15
environmental engineer,
computer scientist,
computer scientist,
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環境工程師、電腦科學家、
13:17
plant scientist,
economist, urban planners.
economist, urban planners.
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植物學家、經濟學家、都市規劃員。
他們在同一平台貢獻出他們的專長。
13:20
On one platform, doing
what they're good at.
what they're good at.
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13:22
But we got a little too big.
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但我們搞的有點大。
13:24
This is my new facility
that I'm just starting.
that I'm just starting.
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這是我的新設備，我剛開始籌備。
13:27
This warehouse could be anywhere.
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這個倉庫可以到處移動。
13:30
That's why I chose it.
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這是我選擇它的原因。
13:31
And inside of this warehouse
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倉庫裡面，
13:33
we're going to build something
kind of like this.
kind of like this.
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我們準備要蓋一些類似這樣的東西。
13:35
These exist right now.
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它們現在就已經在倉庫裡面。
13:37
Take a look at it.
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看一下。
這個也在倉庫裡面。
13:40
These exist, too.
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13:42
One grows greens,
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一個種植綠色植物用，
13:43
one grows Ebola vaccine.
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一個培養伊波拉病毒疫苗。
13:46
Pretty amazing that plants
and this DARPA Grand Challenge winner
and this DARPA Grand Challenge winner
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相當驚訝這個植物與 DARPA
美國先進防衛計畫組織的挑戰贏家
美國先進防衛計畫組織的挑戰贏家
13:50
is one of the reasons
we're getting ahead of Ebola.
we're getting ahead of Ebola.
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是其中一個我們研究
伊波拉病毒的原因。
伊波拉病毒的原因。
13:53
The plants are producing
the protein that's Ebola resistant.
the protein that's Ebola resistant.
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這些植物正在生產對抗
伊波拉病毒的蛋白質。
伊波拉病毒的蛋白質。
13:57
So pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals,
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所以藥品、營養品
13:59
all they way down to lettuce.
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生產的方式都跟生菜生產方式很像似。
14:01
But these two things look nothing alike,
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但這兩件事看起來完全不一樣，
14:03
and that's where I am with my field.
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也是我專長的領域。
14:05
Everything is different.
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每樣東西都不一樣。
14:07
We're in that weird "We're alright" stage
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我們正處在一種
「我們是對的」奇怪階段，
「我們是對的」奇怪階段，
14:10
and it's like, "Here's my black box --"
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這有點像，「這是我的黑盒子--」
14:12
"No, buy mine."
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「不，買我的」
14:14
"No, no, no -- I've got intellectual
property that's totally valuable.
property that's totally valuable.
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「不、不、不--我的有人工智慧，
簡直是物超所值。
簡直是物超所值。
不要買他的，買我的。」
14:17
Don't buy his, buy mine."
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而真實情況是，我們只是剛開始，
14:18
And the reality is,
we're just at the beginning,
we're just at the beginning,
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14:20
in a time when society is shifting, too.
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還要等社會大眾想法的改變。
14:23
When we ask for more, cheaper food,
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當我們開始要求更多、更便宜的食物，
14:24
we're now asking for better,
environmentally friendly food.
environmentally friendly food.
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我們是在要求對環境友善、更好的食物。
14:28
And when you have McDonald's advertising
what's in the Chicken McNugget,
what's in the Chicken McNugget,
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當你在看麥當勞的雞塊廣告時，
永遠是最神秘的食物選項--
14:33
the most mysterious
food item of all time --
food item of all time --
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14:36
they are now basing
their marketing plan on that --
their marketing plan on that --
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他們現在都是用雞塊來做市場計畫--
14:38
everything is changing.
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每件事都變了。
14:40
So into the world now.
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現在進入食物世界。
14:41
Personal food computers,
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個人食物電腦，
食物伺服機，
14:44
food servers
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14:47
and food data centers
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還有在開放式非增殖部的數據中心。
14:50
run on the open phenome.
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14:53
Think open genome, but we're going
to put little climate recipes,
to put little climate recipes,
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想一下開放基因組，
但我們的是微型氣候食譜，
但我們的是微型氣候食譜，
14:56
like Wikipedia,
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像是維基百科，
14:57
that you can pull down, actuate and grow.
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你可以把它下載、啟動並開始耕作。
這會是怎樣的世界？
15:03
What does this look like in a world?
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15:05
You remember the world
connected by strings?
connected by strings?
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你還記得用線連結的世界嗎？
15:07
We start having beacons.
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我們開啟了食物的明燈。
15:09
We start sending information about food,
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我們開始寄送食物的訊息，
15:11
rather than sending food.
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而不是運送食物。
15:13
This is not just my fantasy,
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我不是在幻想，
15:14
this is where we're already deploying.
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我們已經在進行。
15:17
Food computers, food servers,
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食物電腦、食物伺服器、
15:19
soon-to-be food data centers,
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很快就可以成為食物數據中心，
15:20
connecting people together
to share information.
to share information.
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將人們連結起來分享資訊。
15:24
The future of food is not about fighting
over what's wrong with this.
over what's wrong with this.
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食物的未來，不是在爭論
食物出了甚麼問題。
食物出了甚麼問題。
我們知道食物哪裡出問題。
15:30
We know what's wrong with this.
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15:33
The future of food is about networking
the next one billion farmers
the next one billion farmers
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食物的未來是有關於
把未來的10億個農夫連結起來
並給他們一個平台，
並給他們一個平台，
15:37
and empowering them with a platform
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15:39
to ask and answer the question,
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授權他們找出那個問題的答案：
15:42
"What if?"
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＂如果這樣....會如何呢？＂
15:44
Thank you.
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謝謝各位！
（掌聲）
15:45
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Caleb Harper - Principal Investigator and Director of the Open Agriculture InitiativeCaleb Harper leads a group of engineers, architects, urban planners, economists and plant scientists in the exploration and development of high performance urban agricultural systems.
Why you should listen
What do we know about the food we eat? What if there was climate democracy? These and other questions inform the work of Caleb Harper and his colleagues as they explore the future of food systems. He is the principal investigator and director of the Open Agriculture Initiative (OpenAG) at the MIT Media Lab. Under his guidance, a diverse group of engineers, architects, urbanists, economists and plant scientists (what he calls an “anti-disciplinary group”) is developing an open-source agricultural hardware, software and data common aiming to create a more agile, transparent and collaborative food system.
Caleb Harper | Speaker | TED.com