TED2017
Anna Heringer: The warmth and wisdom of mud buildings
Anna Heringer: 泥土建筑的温暖和智慧
Filmed:
Readability: 4
1,139,018 views
“大自然免费给予了很多资源 －－我们所需要的是我们的敏感度去看到它们，以及我们的创造力去运用它们，”建筑家Anna Heringer。Heringer使用了低科技材料，例如泥土和竹子，在中国、瑞士、孟加拉国及各国设计建筑。伴随这个精彩的演讲，来参观一个可敬的学校，一个优雅的办公室和舒适的社会空间，它们全部建于自然材料。
Anna Heringer - Architect
Anna Heringer’s sustainable designs lend breathtaking forms to easily-available local materials while developing the skills and consciousness of their builders. Full bio
Anna Heringer’s sustainable designs lend breathtaking forms to easily-available local materials while developing the skills and consciousness of their builders. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
It was the end of October
in the mountains in Austria.
in the mountains in Austria.
0
1096
3357
那是在10月底
在奥地利的山里。
在奥地利的山里。
00:17
I was there on a field trip
with my architecture students from Zurich.
with my architecture students from Zurich.
1
5442
3436
我在那里和我的来自苏黎世的
建筑系的学生开展一个实地考察。
建筑系的学生开展一个实地考察。
00:21
And when we reached a high valley,
2
9660
3366
当我们到达一个很高的山谷时，
00:25
I surprised them with the news
that there was no hut
that there was no hut
3
13799
2469
我突然告诉他们
我没有预定小屋
我没有预定小屋
00:28
or hotel booked for the night.
4
16292
1618
或者旅馆去过夜。
00:31
It was not a mistake.
5
19552
1667
这不是一个失误，
00:33
It was totally on purpose.
6
21243
1888
而完全是故意的。
00:37
The challenge was to build our own shelter
with whatever we could find.
with whatever we could find.
7
25093
3817
挑战任务是自己动手建造住所
用任何我们可以找到的材料。
用任何我们可以找到的材料。
00:42
And we all survived.
8
30662
1392
我们都成功了。
00:44
It was cold, it was really tough ...
9
32078
2293
那儿很冷，整个过程真的很艰难，
00:47
and it was a great learning experience
10
35022
2683
这也是一个很精彩的学习过程，
00:49
to discover that there are a lot
of resources given by nature for free,
of resources given by nature for free,
11
37729
3810
知道大自然给予人类的
免费资源，
免费资源，
00:53
and all that we need
is our sensitivity to see them ...
is our sensitivity to see them ...
12
41563
3817
而我们所需的则是
发现它们的敏锐度
发现它们的敏锐度
00:58
and our creativity to use them.
13
46210
2000
和运用它们时的创造力。
01:02
I found myself in a similar situation.
14
50330
3087
我曾有一个相似的情况。
01:06
When I was an architecture student
about 13 years ago,
about 13 years ago,
15
54425
4501
大约在13年前
当我还是一个建筑系的学生的时候，
当我还是一个建筑系的学生的时候，
01:10
I went to Bangladesh
to a remote village called Rudrapur
to a remote village called Rudrapur
16
58950
3289
我去到孟加拉国
一个叫Rudrapur的遥远小村庄，
一个叫Rudrapur的遥远小村庄，
我的目标是设计和建造
一所学校作为我的论文项目。
一所学校作为我的论文项目。
01:14
with the aim to design and build
a school as my thesis project.
a school as my thesis project.
17
62263
3365
01:18
I had lived in that village before
when I was 19 and a volunteer
when I was 19 and a volunteer
18
66188
3195
那时我19岁，我曾经住在那个村庄
当一个“Dipshikha”的志愿者
当一个“Dipshikha”的志愿者
这是一个孟加拉国致力于乡村发展的
非政府组织。
非政府组织。
01:21
at Dipshikha, a Bangladeshi NGO
for rural development.
for rural development.
19
69407
2937
我从他们那里学到
01:24
And what I had learned from them
20
72368
1682
01:26
was that the most sustainable strategy
for sustainable development
for sustainable development
21
74074
4778
对于可持续发展
最有持续性的策略
最有持续性的策略
是珍惜并且运用
你自己的资源和潜力，
你自己的资源和潜力，
01:30
is to cherish and to use
your very own resources and potential,
your very own resources and potential,
22
78876
5159
01:36
and not get dependent on external factors.
23
84059
3429
而不是依赖于外界因素。
01:39
And this is what I tried to do
with my architecture as well.
with my architecture as well.
24
87512
2856
这也是我想在我的建筑
中去体现的。
中去体现的。
01:43
In terms of suitable building
materials for my school,
materials for my school,
25
91359
3381
说到适合我学校的建筑材料，
01:46
I didn't have to look far.
26
94764
1428
我不用去很远的地方去搜寻，
01:48
They were right under my feet:
27
96718
1855
它们就在我的脚下：
01:51
mud, earth, dirt, clay,
however you call it ...
however you call it ...
28
99732
3855
泥土，地球，污垢，粘土
不论你怎么称呼它，
不论你怎么称呼它，
01:56
and bamboo that was growing all around.
29
104788
2333
还有到处生长的竹子。
02:01
Electricity in remote Bangladesh is rare,
30
109400
4135
电力在孟加拉国的偏远地区不太常见
02:05
but we didn't need it.
31
113559
1206
但我们不需要它。
我们有人类的力量，
02:06
We had human energy
32
114789
1599
而且人们很乐意干这些活。
02:08
and the people were happy
to have the work.
to have the work.
33
116412
2198
02:12
Tools were an issue, too,
34
120188
1939
工具也是一个问题，
02:14
but we had these guys,
35
122151
1563
但我们有这些家伙，
02:15
water buffalos.
36
123738
1428
水牛。
02:18
We had also tried a bit cows,
37
126730
2136
我们也尝试了用牛
但有趣的是
它们太聪明了
它们太聪明了
02:20
but interestingly,
they were too intelligent.
they were too intelligent.
38
128890
2579
02:24
They were always stepping
in the holes of the previous round.
in the holes of the previous round.
39
132010
2896
它们总是踩在
之前路上的坑
之前路上的坑
它们不会把这些泥土，稻草
02:26
They wouldn't mix the mud, the straw --
40
134930
1858
（笑声）
02:28
(Laughter)
41
136812
1050
和作为墙壁成分的沙石
混在一起。
混在一起。
02:29
the sand, which are
the ingredients in the walls.
the ingredients in the walls.
42
137886
2635
02:34
And except a small team of consultants
43
142171
2374
除了一组的咨询人员，
比如我的合作伙伴
Eike Roswag
Eike Roswag
02:36
like my partner
for realization, Eike Roswag,
for realization, Eike Roswag,
44
144569
2103
以及我的表弟，篮子织工
Emmanuel，
Emmanuel，
02:38
and my basket-weaver cousin, Emmanuel,
45
146696
2618
这个学校是由来自村庄的
工匠建造的。
工匠建造的。
02:41
it was all built by craftsmen
from the village.
from the village.
46
149338
4358
02:47
And this is the METI school
after six months of construction.
after six months of construction.
47
155613
3284
这是METI学校
六个月的建造成果。
六个月的建造成果。
（掌声）
02:50
(Applause)
48
158921
2343
谢谢。
02:53
Thank you.
49
161288
1159
（掌声）
02:54
(Applause)
50
162471
1602
承重力很强的土墙
是学校的支柱，
是学校的支柱，
02:56
Load-bearing earth walls
that really ground the school,
that really ground the school,
51
164097
4105
大面积的竹子结构
给里面带来了光线。
给里面带来了光线。
03:00
and large bamboo structures
that bring the lightness in.
that bring the lightness in.
52
168226
3594
03:05
That's the classroom on the ground floor.
53
173635
2421
那是一楼的教室。
03:09
Attached to it are the caves.
54
177072
1770
与之衔接的是洞窑。
03:11
They're for reading,
for snuggling, for solo work,
for snuggling, for solo work,
55
179763
2414
它们可以用来阅读
小憩，工作，
小憩，工作，
03:14
for meditation, for playing ...
56
182201
1642
打坐，玩耍。
03:16
and the classroom on the top.
57
184891
1753
顶层的教室，
03:21
The children all signed
with their names in Bengali the doors,
with their names in Bengali the doors,
58
189831
3783
门上写满了孩子们的
孟加拉语名字，
孟加拉语名字，
而且他们不仅仅是签下他们的名字
他们也帮助装点了学校。
他们也帮助装点了学校。
03:25
and they did not only sign,
they also helped building the school.
they also helped building the school.
59
193638
3341
03:30
And I'm sure you all had your hands
in mud or clay before.
in mud or clay before.
60
198207
2902
我知道你们之前都用手
触摸过泥土或者粘土
触摸过泥土或者粘土
03:33
It's wonderful to touch. I love it.
61
201133
1813
触摸它们是很棒的。
我爱这个体验。
我爱这个体验。
孩子们也爱这个体验。
03:34
The children loved it.
62
202970
1340
03:36
And can you imagine the feeling
of a small boy or a girl
of a small boy or a girl
63
204894
4855
你能想象一个小男孩或者女孩
或者一个不识字的劳工站在那所
学校建筑前面的感受吗？
学校建筑前面的感受吗？
03:41
or an illiterate day laborer standing
in front of that school building
in front of that school building
64
209773
3929
他们知道这是由自己的双手
03:45
and knowing that you built this
65
213726
1541
只用了普通的竹子
和脚下的污垢泥土
和脚下的污垢泥土
03:47
out of the ordinary bamboo
and just the dirt underneath your feet,
and just the dirt underneath your feet,
66
215291
3594
建立的学校？
03:50
using nothing but your hands?
67
218909
2646
03:55
That gives such an enormous boost
of trust and confidence
of trust and confidence
68
223561
5677
它极大程度地增强了
你对于自己和整个社区
你对于自己和整个社区
的信任和信心。
04:01
in yourself and the community.
69
229262
2016
04:04
And in the material.
70
232810
1484
关于建材，
04:07
Especially mud has a very poor image.
71
235348
2869
尤其是泥土，给人的印象并不好。
当我们想起泥土的时候，
我们想到了脏
我们想到了脏
04:10
When we think of mud, we think of dirt --
72
238241
3104
丑陋，难以忍受
04:13
it's ugly, it's nondurable --
73
241369
2214
这正是我想要改变的印象。
04:15
and this is the image I want to change.
74
243607
2531
04:19
In fact, it's the 11th rainy season
for this school now,
for this school now,
75
247159
3747
实际上，这是这所学校到目前为止的
第十一个雨季，
第十一个雨季，
雨下得很猛，是横向的季风雨，
04:22
really harsh, horizontal monsoon rains,
76
250930
3254
但是墙壁屹立不倒。
04:26
and the walls are standing strong.
77
254208
2547
04:29
(Applause)
78
257131
4509
（掌声）
那么，它是如何起作用的？
04:33
So how does it work?
79
261664
1342
第一条规则，一个好的地基
使墙壁从地面开始保持干燥，
使墙壁从地面开始保持干燥，
04:35
First rule, a good foundation
that keeps the wall dry from the ground,
that keeps the wall dry from the ground,
80
263030
4156
第二条规则，一个好的屋顶
可以从顶层保护，
可以从顶层保护，
04:39
and second rule, a good roof
that protects from the top,
that protects from the top,
81
267210
3696
第三条规则，侵蚀控制。
04:42
and third rule, erosion control.
82
270930
2510
04:46
Mud walls need speed breakers
83
274193
2286
泥土墙上需要一些阻碍，
使得雨水就不会
很快的流到墙下
很快的流到墙下
04:48
so that the rainwater
cannot run down the wall fast,
cannot run down the wall fast,
84
276503
4208
这些阻碍可以是
可以是竹子
可以是竹子
04:52
and these speed breakers
could be lines of bamboo
could be lines of bamboo
85
280735
3282
或者石头，或者是稻草与泥土的
混合物，
混合物，
04:56
or stones or straw mixed into the mud,
86
284041
3581
就好像山丘需要树木或石头
去防护侵蚀。
去防护侵蚀。
04:59
just like a hill needs trees or rocks
in order to prevent erosion.
in order to prevent erosion.
87
287646
5261
它们的工作原理相同。
05:04
It works just the same way.
88
292931
1373
05:07
And people always ask me
if I have to add cement to the mud,
if I have to add cement to the mud,
89
295340
4033
人们总是问我
是否需要在泥土里加水泥，
是否需要在泥土里加水泥，
答案是不需要。
05:11
and the answer is no.
90
299397
1475
05:13
There is no stabilizer,
no coating on these walls,
no coating on these walls,
91
301311
3739
在这些墙上没有稳定剂
没有涂层，
没有涂层，
仅仅在地基里
才有这些添加剂。
才有这些添加剂。
05:17
only in the foundation.
92
305074
1324
05:20
So this is the close-up of the wall
93
308294
1818
这是一张墙壁的近照
在10个雨季之后，
05:22
after 10 rainy seasons,
94
310136
3460
就好像我会渐渐变老一样，
05:25
and as much as I grew a bit older,
95
313620
2440
05:28
the wall got some wrinkles as well.
96
316084
1722
这些墙也会有一些皱纹。
边缘地方也许不像之前那么尖锐，
05:29
The edges my not be as sharp as before,
97
317830
2167
但它仍然看起来不错，
05:32
but it still looks pretty good,
98
320021
2152
如果它需要修复，
05:34
and if it needs repairing,
99
322197
1730
也是很容易的。
05:35
it is really easy to do.
100
323951
1991
你只需要将断裂的部分
05:37
You just take the broken part,
101
325966
1743
打湿，然后把它们放回到墙壁里
05:39
make it wet, and put it back on the wall,
102
327733
2738
05:42
and it will look the same as before.
103
330495
2023
它会看起来和之前一样。
希望这可以发生在我身上。
05:44
Wish that would work on me, too.
104
332542
1543
（笑声）
05:46
(Laughter)
105
334109
3301
05:50
Yeah, and the great thing is,
106
338685
2156
是的，而且很棒的事情是
如果这面墙不再被需要了，
05:52
if an earth wall is not needed anymore,
107
340865
2421
它可以回到土地里，
05:55
it can go back to the ground it came from,
108
343310
3241
变成一个花园，
05:58
turn into a garden,
109
346575
1908
或者被完全回收
其品质丝毫不受损失。
其品质丝毫不受损失。
06:00
or get fully recycled
without any loss of quality.
without any loss of quality.
110
348507
3523
06:04
There's no other material
that can do this,
that can do this,
111
352607
2091
没有任何其它材料
可以做到这样，
可以做到这样，
这就是为什么泥土是
就保护环境而言很杰出的建材。
就保护环境而言很杰出的建材。
06:06
and this is why mud is so excellent
in terms of environmental performance.
in terms of environmental performance.
112
354722
4325
06:12
What about the economic sustainability?
113
360421
2135
那么经济的可持续性呢？
06:15
When we built the school,
114
363252
1266
当我们建造学校的时候
我基本上是住在
建筑场地的，
建筑场地的，
06:16
I practically lived
on the construction site,
on the construction site,
115
364542
2377
晚上的时候，我和
工人们一起去到市场，
工人们一起去到市场，
06:18
and in the evening, I used to go
with the workers to the market,
with the workers to the market,
116
366943
3024
我可以看到
他们是如何花钱的。
他们是如何花钱的。
06:21
and I could see
how they spent their money.
how they spent their money.
117
369991
2076
06:24
And they would buy
the vegetables from their neighbors,
the vegetables from their neighbors,
118
372984
3300
他们可以从邻居那里
买到蔬菜，
买到蔬菜，
06:28
they would get a new haircut
or a new blouse from the tailor.
or a new blouse from the tailor.
119
376308
3285
他们可以在裁缝那里剪一个
一个新发型或者是买一条新衬衫。
一个新发型或者是买一条新衬衫。
06:32
And because the main part
of the building budget
of the building budget
120
380858
3858
因为建筑预支的
主要部分
主要部分
06:36
was spent on craftsmanship,
121
384740
2145
花费在了工匠上。
学校不仅仅是一个建筑
06:38
the school wasn't just a building,
122
386909
2432
它成为了一个真正的
当地发展的催化剂，
当地发展的催化剂，
06:41
it became a real catalyst
for local development,
for local development,
123
389365
4164
这使我很高兴。
06:45
and that made me happy.
124
393553
1500
06:48
If I had designed the school
in cement and steel,
in cement and steel,
125
396989
2398
如果我将学校设计成
使用水泥和钢筋的，
使用水泥和钢筋的，
这些钱就被成为其他开销
对于这些家庭而言就是一个损失。
对于这些家庭而言就是一个损失。
06:51
this money would have been exported
and lost for those families.
and lost for those families.
126
399411
3603
06:56
(Applause)
127
404514
4174
（掌声）
07:01
The building budget at that time
was 35,000 euros --
was 35,000 euros --
128
409935
3571
建筑预支在那时候
是35000欧元
是35000欧元
07:05
it's probably doubled by now --
129
413530
1961
现在恐怕是要翻两倍了。
07:07
and this is a lot of money
for that region,
for that region,
130
415515
3088
这对于那个地区来说
是很多钱，
是很多钱，
07:10
and especially because this money
is working within the community
is working within the community
131
418627
4005
尤其是因为这些钱
是投资在社区里面
是投资在社区里面
而且周转得很快，
07:14
and rotating fast,
132
422656
1278
不是在股票市场上。
07:15
and not on the stock market.
133
423958
1682
07:18
So when it comes to the economic
sustainability of my project,
sustainability of my project,
134
426402
4857
所以当讨论到到我项目的
经济持续性
经济持续性
我的主要问题是，谁获益？
07:23
my main question is, who gets the profit?
135
431283
3246
07:28
How many of you in here
136
436949
2017
你们在场的有多少
有住在泥土做的房子里的经历？
07:30
have some experience
living in a mud house?
living in a mud house?
137
438990
2182
07:33
Chris Anderson, where is your hand?
138
441514
2037
Chris Anderson，你的手呢？
（笑声）
07:35
(Laughter)
139
443575
1057
你？好吧。
07:36
You? OK.
140
444656
1174
07:39
Yeah.
141
447139
1151
是的。
这似乎是在我们关注之外的事。
07:40
It seems totally out of our focus,
142
448314
3165
但是地球上
约三百万人
约三百万人
07:43
but approximately three billion people
all around the planet
all around the planet
143
451503
4634
都居住在土房子里，
07:48
are living in earth houses,
144
456161
2483
这是一个传统的建筑材料，
07:50
and it is a traditional building material
145
458668
2286
不论对于欧洲还是非洲来说。
07:52
in Europe just as much as in Africa.
146
460978
2713
07:58
Strangely enough,
147
466076
1541
奇怪的是，
泥土被认为是不值得
在大学里研究学习的，
在大学里研究学习的，
07:59
mud is not considered worthy
of being studied at universities ...
of being studied at universities ...
148
467641
3665
08:04
so I brought the dirt to Harvard,
149
472281
3198
所以，我将泥土带到了哈佛。
(笑声）
08:07
(Laughter)
150
475503
2207
准确来说
我在设计学院正门口
我在设计学院正门口
08:09
precisely 60 tons of dirt
right in front of the main facade
right in front of the main facade
151
477734
3976
放了60吨泥土。
08:13
of the Graduate School of Design.
152
481734
1602
08:17
Students and faculty
rolled up their sleeves,
rolled up their sleeves,
153
485478
2144
学生和员工们
卷起袖口
卷起袖口
开始在泥土里干活，
08:19
got their hands dirty
154
487646
1155
将前线转变成一个温暖的地方
供人们聚集在一起。
供人们聚集在一起。
08:20
and transformed the front
into a warm place for people to gather.
into a warm place for people to gather.
155
488825
3399
08:25
Children would climb the structures,
156
493248
1716
孩子们可以在建筑上攀爬，
滑板者可以玩坡道，
08:26
skaters would ride the ramp,
157
494988
1517
学生们有午餐休息区，
08:28
students having lunch breaks,
158
496529
1746
尤其令人惊叹的是
看到那么多人触摸这面墙，
看到那么多人触摸这面墙，
08:30
and it was particularly fascinating to see
how many people were touching the wall,
how many people were touching the wall,
159
498299
4072
我们通常不会走在城市里
触摸那些外墙，对吧？
触摸那些外墙，对吧？
08:34
and we usually don't go around cities
caressing our facades, right?
caressing our facades, right?
160
502395
3853
（笑声）
08:38
(Laughter)
161
506272
1861
08:44
(Laughter)
162
512366
2647
（笑声）
08:48
Of course, this was a small-scale project,
163
516603
2007
当然，这是一个小规模的项目，
但是就意识开发
和教育而言，
和教育而言，
08:50
but in terms of awareness-building
and in terms of education,
and in terms of education,
164
518634
3096
就好像针灸的触点一样。
08:53
it was like an acupuncture trigger point.
165
521754
2530
08:57
And in fact, in more and more countries,
166
525701
3580
实际上，在越来越多的国家
承重力强的土墙结构
已经被禁止建造，
已经被禁止建造，
09:01
load-bearing earthen structures
are not allowed to be built anymore
are not allowed to be built anymore
167
529305
4985
尽管它们非常传统
而且已经存在了几百年
而且已经存在了几百年
09:06
although they're traditional
and have lasted for hundreds of years,
and have lasted for hundreds of years,
168
534314
3502
这不是因为材料不好，
09:09
and not because the material is weak,
169
537840
2016
而是因为缺乏
知道如何运用那些材料的
知道如何运用那些材料的
09:11
but because there are
no architects and engineers
no architects and engineers
170
539880
3152
建筑师和工程师。
09:15
who know how to deal with that material.
171
543056
2436
所以，教育各个层次的
09:17
So education on all levels,
172
545516
1674
工匠，工程师和建筑师
09:19
for craftsmen, engineers and architects,
173
547214
2676
真的很需要。
09:21
is really strongly needed.
174
549914
1767
09:24
Equally important
is technological development,
is technological development,
175
552085
3344
同样重要的是
科技的发展，
科技的发展，
比如，由我的同事Martin Rauch
所发展的预加工一样
所发展的预加工一样
09:27
like prefabrication developed
by my colleague Martin Rauch,
by my colleague Martin Rauch,
176
555453
3093
Martin是一个奥地利艺术家
且专长于土壤结构。
且专长于土壤结构。
09:30
who is an Austrian artist
and expert in earthen structures.
and expert in earthen structures.
177
558570
3986
他创造了技术
来处理夯土成分
来处理夯土成分
09:34
And he has created technologies
for rammed earth elements,
for rammed earth elements,
178
562580
3610
并且来预加工夯土成分，
09:38
for prefabrication
of rammed earth elements
of rammed earth elements
179
566214
2433
这些技术包括绝缘
墙体加热和制冷，
墙体加热和制冷，
09:40
that include insulation,
wall heatings and coolings
wall heatings and coolings
180
568671
3761
以及所有可以放在
09:44
and all sorts of electrical fittings
181
572456
1801
几层高的建筑的
电子设备，
电子设备，
09:46
that can be layered
to multistoried buildings,
to multistoried buildings,
182
574281
2293
这对于规模化
09:48
and this is important in order to scale up
183
576598
2677
和加速进程是很重要的，
09:51
and in order to fasten up the processes,
184
579299
1968
09:53
like in the Ricola Herb Center
in Switzerland.
in Switzerland.
185
581291
3300
就好像在
瑞士的Ricola草药中心一样。
瑞士的Ricola草药中心一样。
09:58
And finally, we need good built projects
186
586555
3128
最后，我们需要好的项目
证明你能够
用古老的材料
用古老的材料
10:01
that prove you can build
with an ancient material
with an ancient material
187
589707
3095
结合现代的方式进行建造。
10:04
in a very modern way.
188
592826
1868
10:07
It is not a matter
of how old a material is;
of how old a material is;
189
595434
3694
这不是材料有多老的问题
这是我们现今创造力的问题。
10:11
it's a matter of our creative
ability to use it today.
ability to use it today.
190
599152
3481
10:16
These, for example, are three hostels
191
604936
2255
比如，这三个旅馆
是我在中国的宝溪建造的
10:19
that I did in China in the village Baoxi,
192
607215
2347
距离上海6小时车程。
10:21
about six hours by bus from Shanghai.
193
609586
2786
10:25
The outside shape is woven bamboo,
194
613859
2691
建筑外面的形状是编织的竹子
里面的核心
是石头和夯土
是石头和夯土
10:28
and the inside core
is stones and rammed earth.
is stones and rammed earth.
195
616574
3563
10:33
And it is a traditional building material.
196
621058
2456
这是传统的建筑材料
即使是中国长城的
大部分
大部分
10:35
Even large parts
of the Great Wall of China
of the Great Wall of China
197
623538
2193
都是由夯土制造的
10:37
have been built with rammed earth,
198
625755
1645
但是夯土正在被水泥所取代。
10:39
but it's getting replaced by concrete.
199
627424
2293
10:42
And this trend is happening very fast.
200
630411
3474
这个趋势发展势头正猛。
在仅仅几年之内，
10:45
Within only a couple of years,
201
633909
2976
中国消耗的水泥量
10:48
China has consumed more cement
than the United States
than the United States
202
636909
2993
已超过了
美国在20世纪消耗的总量。
美国在20世纪消耗的总量。
10:51
in the entire 20th century.
203
639926
2236
自然建筑材料正在被
10:54
And this trend of replacing
natural building materials
natural building materials
204
642618
3509
更加耗能的材料所取代，
10:58
with materials that require
a lot of energy,
a lot of energy,
205
646151
2253
它们是能源密集型的材料，
11:00
that are energy-intensive,
206
648428
1786
也会释放出二氧化碳，
11:02
and that emit CO2
207
650238
2041
11:04
is really clearly contributing
to climate change.
to climate change.
208
652303
3340
这种趋势确实是
全球变暖的一大因素。
全球变暖的一大因素。
11:07
And we have alternatives,
209
655667
1413
而我们有其他选择，
比如泥土，石头，木材
竹子，夯土，
竹子，夯土，
11:09
such as mud, stones, timber,
bamboo, earth,
bamboo, earth,
210
657104
4251
这些都是非常有效的选项
不管出于何种目的。
不管出于何种目的。
11:13
that are totally effective options
for all sorts of purposes.
for all sorts of purposes.
211
661379
3888
11:17
This, for example,
is an office building that we did
is an office building that we did
212
665926
2547
比如这个，
是一个我们为奥地利的Omicron电子
是一个我们为奥地利的Omicron电子
建造的办公楼。
11:20
for Omicron Electronics in Austria.
213
668497
2381
泥土对于地球来说是健康的，
对人体也是如此，
对人体也是如此，
11:22
Mud is healthy for the planet,
but also for the human bodies,
but also for the human bodies,
214
670902
2897
而且材料是低科技，
11:25
and the material is low-tech,
215
673823
2642
但是性能是很高的。
11:28
but the performance is high-tech.
216
676489
2223
土墙为楼内复杂的科研工具
提供了安全的住所
提供了安全的住所
11:30
The earth walls keep the highly
sophisticated tools in the building safe
sophisticated tools in the building safe
217
678736
4079
因为它可以自然调节湿气。
11:34
by naturally regulating moisture.
218
682839
1911
11:37
And this wall in my own home
219
685590
3512
我自己家里的墙
是我们的加湿器。
11:41
is our humidfier.
220
689126
1428
11:44
We love our six tons of dirt at home
221
692372
2930
我们很爱家里的这6吨泥土
不仅仅是因为
它健康且可持续。
它健康且可持续。
11:47
not only because
it's healthy and sustainable.
it's healthy and sustainable.
222
695326
2490
11:50
Its archaic warmth
is touching deep within.
is touching deep within.
223
698397
3056
它古老的温暖
可以直击内心深处。
可以直击内心深处。
11:54
My personal dream is to build
a mud skyscraper right in Manhattan.
a mud skyscraper right in Manhattan.
224
702708
4722
我个人的梦想是在曼哈顿建造
一个泥土摩天大楼。
一个泥土摩天大楼。
11:59
(Laughter)
225
707820
2039
（笑声）
是的。
12:01
Yeah.
226
709883
1151
（掌声）
12:03
(Applause)
227
711058
2199
这个梦想不是疯狂的
12:05
And this dream isn't so crazy
228
713281
1549
想想在也门的希巴姆市，
完全由泥土构成，
完全由泥土构成，
12:06
if you think of the mud city
of Shibam in Yemen
of Shibam in Yemen
229
714854
2192
它建于16世纪
12:09
that was built in the 16th century
230
717070
1865
至今已有500年的历史。
12:10
and has lasted now for 500 years.
231
718959
3268
12:15
What was possible that long ago
is possible today as well,
is possible today as well,
232
723267
4107
如果以前实现得了，
如今我也做得到。
如今我也做得到。
我们可以将我们的技术
12:19
and we can apply
all our technical know-how
all our technical know-how
233
727398
3604
运用在这些古老的材料上
12:23
to these ancient materials
234
731026
2010
满足我们的需求和梦想。
12:25
so that it meets our needs and our dreams.
235
733060
3602
12:30
All around us,
236
738403
1874
就在我们周围
就在我们脚下
12:32
and just below our feet ...
237
740301
1752
12:35
are wonderful natural building materials.
238
743060
2767
是令人惊叹的自然建筑材料。
让我们运用它们。
12:37
Let's use them.
239
745851
1375
12:40
And I deeply believe
240
748221
1916
我深信
我们的家园，我们工作的地方，
我们的城市
我们的城市
12:42
our homes, our work spaces, our cities
241
750161
2753
12:45
would become more healthy and sustainable
242
753716
2579
将会变得更加健康，
也变得可持续发展，
也变得可持续发展，
12:49
and more humane
243
757540
1222
更加人性化
12:52
and beautiful.
244
760087
1206
更加美丽。
12:53
Thank you.
245
761932
1151
谢谢。
（掌声）
12:55
(Applause)
246
763107
5043
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anna Heringer - ArchitectAnna Heringer’s sustainable designs lend breathtaking forms to easily-available local materials while developing the skills and consciousness of their builders.
Why you should listen
Before she became an architect, a visit to a small village in Bangladesh immediately hooked Anna Heringer on an ancient and yet neglected building material -- earth. With its easy availability, durability and endless recyclability, she realized, there was a reason its use has persisted for thousands of years.
Since then, Heringer’s love affair with sustainable materials has deepened, resulting in acclaimed projects like woven bamboo hostels in China and the METI Handmade School in Rudrapur, where, along with local workers and schoolchildren, she created a building that drew on locally abundant materials and fostered modern, sustainable building skills in local craftsmen. In the 2014 book, The Future of Architecture, she and her coauthors argue for a future that is low-impact and adaptable.
Anna Heringer | Speaker | TED.com