TEDNYC
Victoria Pratt: How judges can show respect
Victoria Pratt: 法官如何表达尊重
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我们如何确保在全世界的法庭上，每个人都得到有尊严的对待。一个来自新泽西的法官，一个先驱者，Victoria Pratt，向我们展示了她有关“程序正义”的原则——四个简单，又经过深思熟虑的步骤，帮助她重新定义了在纽瓦克法庭的工作，改变了人们的生活。“当法庭做出改变的时候，人们对于法庭的反应也自然做出改变，”Pratt说。“我希望当人们来到法庭······他们都坚信这里是主持正义的地方。”
Victoria Pratt - Professor
Judge Victoria Pratt is inspiring a global revolution in criminal justice. Full bio
Judge Victoria Pratt is inspiring a global revolution in criminal justice. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
"Judge, I want to tell you something.
I want to tell you something.
I want to tell you something.
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“法官，我想对你说，
我想让你知道，
我想让你知道，
00:16
I been watching you
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我一直在观察你。
00:18
and you're not two-faced.
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你不是那种两面派，
00:20
You treat everybody the same."
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你平等地对待每一个人。”
00:23
That was said to me
by a transgender prostitute
by a transgender prostitute
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这是一位变性的性工作者对我说的话。
00:27
who before I had gotten on the bench
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这位女性在我出任她的法官前
00:29
had fired her public defender,
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已经解雇了她的公设辩护人，
00:31
insulted the court officer
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侮辱了法庭工作人员，
00:33
and yelled at the person
sitting next to her,
sitting next to her,
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并且对她邻座的人大吼：
00:36
"I don't know what you're looking at.
I look better than the girl you're with."
I look better than the girl you're with."
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“我不知道你在看什么，
我比你的女朋友要好看得多。”
我比你的女朋友要好看得多。”
00:39
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:41
She said this to me
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她之所以对我说上面的话，
00:43
after I said her male name low enough
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是因为我在念她的
男性名字时尽量小声，
男性名字时尽量小声，
00:46
so that it could
be picked up by the record,
be picked up by the record,
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保证能被录音设备记录下来，
00:49
but I said her female name loud enough
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但是我在念她的女性名字时足够响亮，
00:51
so that she could walk down the aisle
towards counselor's table with dignity.
towards counselor's table with dignity.
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让她能够有尊严地
从走廊走到她的辩护席。
从走廊走到她的辩护席。
00:56
This is procedural justice,
also known as procedural fairness,
also known as procedural fairness,
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这就是程序正义，也叫做程序公平，
01:00
at its best.
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在最理想的情况下。
01:01
You see, I am the daughter
of an African-American garbageman
of an African-American garbageman
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我是一个非裔美国清洁工的女儿，
01:05
who was born in Harlem
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我的父亲出生在哈勒姆区，
01:06
and spent his summers
in the segregated South.
in the segregated South.
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他的大部分时光都在
种族观念严重的南方度过。
种族观念严重的南方度过。
01:09
Soy la hija de una peluquera dominicana.
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Soy la hija de una peluquera dominicana.
01:12
I do that to make sure
you're still paying attention.
you're still paying attention.
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这么说是让大家保持注意力。
01:14
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:16
I'm the daughter of a Dominican beautician
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我是一个来自
多美尼加的美容师的女儿。
多美尼加的美容师的女儿。
01:18
who came to this country
for a better life for her unborn children.
for a better life for her unborn children.
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我的母亲为了给她未出生的孩子
一个更好的生活，来到这个国家。
一个更好的生活，来到这个国家。
01:22
My parents taught me, you treat everyone
you meet with dignity and respect,
you meet with dignity and respect,
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我的父母教育我要尊重
每一个我遇到的人。
每一个我遇到的人。
01:26
no matter how they look,
no matter how they dress,
no matter how they dress,
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不管他们的外貌怎样，
他们的穿着怎样，
他们的穿着怎样，
01:28
no matter how they spoke.
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也不管他们说着什么样的语言。
01:31
You see, the principles of fairness
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很明显，他们将公平的原则，
01:33
were taught to me at an early age,
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在我很小的时候就灌输给了我。
01:37
and unbeknownst to me,
it would be the most important lesson
it would be the most important lesson
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当时的我没有意识到，
这会是我人生中最重要的一课，
这会是我人生中最重要的一课，
01:40
that I carried with me
to the Newark Municipal Court bench.
to the Newark Municipal Court bench.
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并且伴随着我，来到纽瓦克市法院。
01:44
And because I was dragged
off the playground
off the playground
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在十岁的时候，
我就经常牺牲玩耍的时间
我就经常牺牲玩耍的时间
01:47
at the early age of 10
to translate for family members
to translate for family members
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帮我那些即将移民到美国
01:51
as they began to migrate
to the United States,
to the United States,
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的亲戚们做翻译。
01:54
I understand how daunting it can be
for a person, a novice,
for a person, a novice,
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我深刻地体会到：
对于一个初来乍到的移民，
对于一个初来乍到的移民，
01:59
to navigate any government system.
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要和政府系统打交道
是多么的恐怖。
是多么的恐怖。
02:02
Every day across America
and around the globe,
and around the globe,
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每天，在整个美国，甚至整个世界，
02:05
people encounter our courts,
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都有很多人要与法院打交道。
02:08
and it is a place
that is foreign, intimidating
that is foreign, intimidating
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这是一个让人感到陌生和恐惧的地方，
02:11
and often hostile towards them.
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并且经常让人们感受到敌视。
02:15
They are confused
about the nature of their charges,
about the nature of their charges,
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他们对诉讼的程序感到费解，
02:19
annoyed about their encounters
with the police
with the police
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对与警察打交道感到愤怒，
02:22
and facing consequences that might impact
their relationships, their finances
their relationships, their finances
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并且面对着足以影响
他们的关系，经济状况，
他们的关系，经济状况，
02:27
and even their liberty.
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甚至自由的判决。
02:29
Let me paint a picture for you
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让我给你描绘一个
02:30
of what it's like for the average person
who encounters our courts.
who encounters our courts.
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普通人来到法庭的场景。
02:35
First, they're annoyed as they're probed
going through court security.
going through court security.
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首先，他们需要通过法院的安检，
这让他们感到心烦。
这让他们感到心烦。
02:40
They finally get through court security,
they walk around the building,
they walk around the building,
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过了安检他们会走进
这个陌生的地方，
这个陌生的地方，
02:43
they ask different people
the same question
the same question
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他们问不同的人同样的问题
02:46
and get different answers.
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却得到了不同的答案。
02:49
When they finally get
to where they're supposed to be,
to where they're supposed to be,
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当他们最终找到自己要去的地方，
02:51
it gets really bad
when they encounter the courts.
when they encounter the courts.
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当他们走进法庭，
更糟的地方才刚刚开始。
更糟的地方才刚刚开始。
02:55
What would you think if I told you
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如果我告诉你们
02:56
that you could improve
people's court experience,
people's court experience,
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我们可以改善人们在法院的体验，
03:00
increase their compliance with the law
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敦促人们遵守法律
03:03
and court orders,
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和法庭秩序，
03:05
all the while increasing
the public's trust
the public's trust
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以及提高民众对于
司法系统的信任可以通过
司法系统的信任可以通过
03:08
in the justice system
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可以通过一个简单的想法来实现，
03:09
with a simple idea?
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你们会作何感想？
03:11
Well, that simple idea
is procedural justice
is procedural justice
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这个理念就是程序正义。
03:15
and it's a concept that says
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这个概念是指：
03:17
that if people perceive
they are treated fairly
they are treated fairly
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让人们感到接受到公平的对待，
03:20
and with dignity and respect,
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享受到了尊重与尊严，
03:22
they'll obey the law.
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人们自然就会去遵守法律。
03:24
Well, that's what
Yale professor Tom Tyler found
Yale professor Tom Tyler found
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这是耶鲁大学教授Tom Tyler发现的，
03:27
when he began to study
as far back in the '70s
as far back in the '70s
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他从上世纪70年代
就开始了这方面的研究，
就开始了这方面的研究，
03:30
why people obey the law.
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为什么人们遵守法律。
03:33
He found that if people
see the justice system
see the justice system
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他发现：如果人们认可司法系统
03:35
as a legitimate authority
to impose rules and regulations,
to impose rules and regulations,
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作为一个执行规则
和管理的法定权威，
和管理的法定权威，
03:40
they would follow them.
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人们就会遵从它。
03:41
His research concluded
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Tom Tyler的研究结论是：
03:43
that people would be satisfied
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如果人们感受到自己
受到了公平的对待，
03:47
with the judge's rulings,
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03:49
even when the judge ruled against them,
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受到了尊重，
就会对法官的判决感到满意，
03:51
if they perceived
that they were treated fairly
that they were treated fairly
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03:53
and with dignity and respect.
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即使法官做出对他们不利的判决，
03:56
And that perception of fairness
begins with what?
begins with what?
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那么这种对于公平的感觉
是从什么时候开始的呢？
是从什么时候开始的呢？
03:59
Begins with how judges speak
to court participants.
to court participants.
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这种感觉从法官对
在场人员说出第一句话就开始了。
在场人员说出第一句话就开始了。
04:04
Now, being a judge
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作为一名法官，
04:06
is sometimes like having
a reserve seat to a tragic reality show
a reserve seat to a tragic reality show
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你就像一个悲剧真人秀的观众一样，
04:12
that has no commercial interruptions
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这个真人秀不会出现商业广告，
04:14
and no season finale.
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也不会出现一季完结的情况。
04:17
It's true.
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这是真的。
04:18
People come before me handcuffed,
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每天有不同的人走到
我的面前：戴着手铐的，
我的面前：戴着手铐的，
04:21
drug-sick, depressed, hungry
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生病的，抑郁的，饥饿的，
04:24
and mentally ill.
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以及患有精神疾病的。
04:28
When I saw that their need for help
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每当我看到这种场景，
那种想要帮助他们的冲动
那种想要帮助他们的冲动
04:31
was greater than my fear
of appearing vulnerable on the bench,
of appearing vulnerable on the bench,
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就已经超过了我对于他们恐惧。
04:35
I realized that not only
did I need to do something,
did I need to do something,
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我意识到：我并不只是必须去做什么，
04:38
but that in fact I could do something.
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我还应该带来一些改变。
04:41
The good news is is that the principles
of procedural justice are easy
of procedural justice are easy
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好消息是：程序正义
的原则很好实践，
的原则很好实践，
04:45
and can be implemented
as quickly as tomorrow.
as quickly as tomorrow.
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你明天就将它可以
运用到自己的工作中。
运用到自己的工作中。
04:48
The even better news,
that it can be done for free.
that it can be done for free.
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更好的消息是：这是完全免费的。
04:50
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
04:51
The first principle is voice.
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第一条原则是声音：
04:53
Give people an opportunity to speak,
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给每个人发声的机会，
04:55
even when you're
not going to let them speak.
not going to let them speak.
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即使当你不允许他发言的时候，
04:58
Explain it.
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也要解释原因：
04:59
"Sir, I'm not letting you speak right now.
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“先生，我现在不能让您发言。
05:01
You don't have an attorney.
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您的律师还没有到场。
我不希望您的发言
会损害到您的利益。”
会损害到您的利益。”
05:03
I don't want you to say anything
that's going to hurt your case."
that's going to hurt your case."
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至于我，我通常会
让被告准备一篇陈述，
让被告准备一篇陈述，
05:06
For me, assigning essays to defendants
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05:08
has been a tremendous way
of giving them voice.
of giving them voice.
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这是一个让他们发声
非常有效的方式。
非常有效的方式。
05:12
I recently gave an 18-year-old
college student an essay.
college student an essay.
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最近，我让一个18岁
的大学生念了他的陈述。
的大学生念了他的陈述。
05:16
He lamented his underage drinking charge.
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对于青少年酗酒的指控，
他感到非常悔恨。
他感到非常悔恨。
05:20
As he stood before me reading his essay,
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当时他站在我的面前
朗读着他的陈述，
朗读着他的陈述，
05:22
his voice cracking
and his hands trembling,
and his hands trembling,
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他的嗓音沙哑，双手在颤抖。
05:24
he said that he worried that he
had become an alcoholic like his mom,
had become an alcoholic like his mom,
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他说他担心将来会变成
一个酗酒者，就像他妈妈一样。
一个酗酒者，就像他妈妈一样。
05:28
who had died a couple of months prior
due to alcohol-related liver disease.
due to alcohol-related liver disease.
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他的妈妈在几个月前因为
酒精相关的肝病去世了。
酒精相关的肝病去世了。
05:34
You see, assigning a letter
to my father, a letter to my son,
to my father, a letter to my son,
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我们让他们给自己的亲人写信。
05:38
"If I knew then what I know now ..."
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“如果我当时就懂得这些的话······”
05:40
"If I believed one
positive thing about myself,
positive thing about myself,
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“如果我相信自己还有一点希望的话，
05:43
how would my life be different?"
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我的生活也许会大有不同。”
05:45
gives the person an opportunity
to be introspective,
to be introspective,
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给人们机会去反思自己，
05:48
go on the inside,
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正视自己的内心，
05:50
which is where all the answers are anyway.
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这就是正确答案所在。
05:52
But it also gives them an opportunity
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同时，这也让他们
05:54
to share something with the court
that goes beyond their criminal record
that goes beyond their criminal record
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能够在法庭上，与大家分享
05:58
and their charges.
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犯罪和指控之外的种种。
06:01
The next principle is neutrality.
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下一条原则是保持中立。
06:03
When increasing public trust
in the justice system,
in the justice system,
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当你希望增加人们
对于司法系统的信任时，
对于司法系统的信任时，
06:07
neutrality is paramount.
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中立是至关重要的。
06:08
The judge cannot be perceived
to be favoring one side over the other.
to be favoring one side over the other.
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法官不能被人们感觉偏向于某一方。
06:13
The judge has to make a conscious decision
not to say things like,
not to say things like,
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法官需要三思，不要说出这样的话：
06:17
"my officer," "my prosecutor,"
"my defense attorney."
"my defense attorney."
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“我的官员”，“我的原告”
以及“我的辩方律师”。
以及“我的辩方律师”。
06:21
And this is challenging
when we work in environments
when we work in environments
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当我们在这个环境下工作时，
要注意这些是很困难的。
要注意这些是很困难的。
06:24
where you have people
assigned to your courts,
assigned to your courts,
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每天都有人来到你的法庭，
06:27
the same people coming
in and out of your courts as well.
in and out of your courts as well.
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并且相同的人还会不断出现。
06:31
When I think of neutrality,
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当我想到中立，
06:32
I'm reminded of when I was
a new Rutgers Law grad
a new Rutgers Law grad
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我会想到自己刚从
罗格斯大学法学院毕业，
罗格斯大学法学院毕业，
06:36
and freshly minted attorney,
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第一次成为律师的时候。
06:38
and I entered an arbitration
and I was greeted by two grey-haired men
and I was greeted by two grey-haired men
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那时，当我们进入仲裁环节，
两个灰头发的男人一起迎接我，
两个灰头发的男人一起迎接我，
06:43
who were joking about
the last game of golf they played together
the last game of golf they played together
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他们还在一起聊着上一场
他们一起参加的高尔夫球比赛，
他们一起参加的高尔夫球比赛，
06:47
and planning future social outings.
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并且计划着未来的社交活动。
06:49
I knew my client couldn't get
a fair shot in that forum.
a fair shot in that forum.
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我当时就知道，我的客户
不可能得到公平的裁决。
不可能得到公平的裁决。
06:54
The next principle is understand.
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下一条原则是理解。
06:57
It is critical that court participants
understand the process,
understand the process,
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让法庭的每个参与者都理解整个流程，
07:02
the consequences of the process
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理解这些流程带来的结果，
07:05
and what's expected of them.
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以及它们能从这里获得些什么。
07:07
I like to say that legalese
is the language we use to confuse.
is the language we use to confuse.
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我倾向于认为法律术语
就是一套让人费解的语言。
就是一套让人费解的语言。
07:12
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
07:13
I am keenly aware that the people
who appear before me,
who appear before me,
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我真切的意识到那些站在我面前的人，
07:16
many of them have very little education
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大多数教育程度比较低，
07:18
and English is often
their second language.
their second language.
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英语通常也只是他们的第二语言。
07:21
So I speak plain English in court.
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所以，我在法庭上只讲通俗的英语。
07:24
A great example of this
was when I was a young judge --
was when I was a young judge --
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一个很好的例子是，
当我还是个年轻法官的时候——
当我还是个年轻法官的时候——
07:26
oh no, I mean younger judge.
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哦，不，当我还是一个
比较年轻的法官的时候——
比较年轻的法官的时候——
07:28
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
07:29
When I was a younger judge,
a senior judge comes to me,
a senior judge comes to me,
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一个资历较高的法官来到我身边，
07:32
gives me a script and says,
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给了我一份发言稿，说：
07:33
"If you think somebody
has mental health issues,
has mental health issues,
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“如果你遇到一个有精神疾患的人，
问他这上面的问题，
你就可以得到评估结果。
你就可以得到评估结果。
07:35
ask them these questions
and you can get your evaluation."
and you can get your evaluation."
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因此，当我第一次看见一个
07:38
So the first time I saw someone
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我认为存在精神疾患的人，
07:40
who had what I thought
was a mental health issue,
was a mental health issue,
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我拿出那份发言稿，开始提问：
07:42
I went for my script
and I started to ask questions.
and I started to ask questions.
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“嗯，先生，你在服用精——
嗯，精神——
嗯，精神——
07:45
"Um, sir, do you take psycho --
um, psychotrop --
um, psychotrop --
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07:48
psychotropic medication?"
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精神药物吗？”
07:50
"Nope."
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“没有。”
07:52
"Uh, sir, have you treated
with a psychiatrist before?"
with a psychiatrist before?"
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“啊，那先生之前有看过精神科医生吗？”
07:56
"Nope."
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“没有。”
07:57
But it was obvious that the person
was suffering from mental illness.
was suffering from mental illness.
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但是很显然能看出那个人
正在受到精神问题的困扰。
正在受到精神问题的困扰。
08:01
One day, in my frustration, I decided
to scrap the script and ask one question.
to scrap the script and ask one question.
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有一天，我彻底无奈了，
我决定放弃那份发言稿，只问一个问题：
我决定放弃那份发言稿，只问一个问题：
08:05
"Ma'am, do you take medication
to clear your mind?"
to clear your mind?"
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“夫人，你有通过吃药来
保持头脑清醒吗？”
保持头脑清醒吗？”
08:08
"Yeah, judge, I take Haldol
for my schizophrenia,
for my schizophrenia,
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“是的，法官，我服用氟哌啶醇
治疗我的精神分裂症，
治疗我的精神分裂症，
08:10
Xanax for my anxiety."
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阿普唑仑治疗我的焦虑。”
08:13
The question works even when it doesn't.
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即使当事人给出了错误的回答，
这个问题也依然有效。
这个问题也依然有效。
08:15
"Mr. L, do you take medication
to clear your mind?"
to clear your mind?"
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“L先生，你有服用药物
保持头脑清醒吗？”
保持头脑清醒吗？”
08:18
"No, judge, I don't take
no medication to clear my mind.
no medication to clear my mind.
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“没有，法官，我没有吃治疗脑子的药物，
08:21
I take medication
to stop the voices in my head,
to stop the voices in my head,
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我只是吃药停止我脑袋中的声音，
08:23
but my mind is fine."
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但是我的脑袋是正常的。”
08:25
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:26
You see, once people
understand the question,
understand the question,
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你看，一旦人们理解了你的问题，
08:29
they can give you valuable information
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他们就会给出有用的信息，
08:31
that allows the court
to make meaningful decisions
to make meaningful decisions
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这就能让法庭对于面前的案子
08:34
about the cases that are before them.
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做出关键的决定。
08:36
The last principle is respect,
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最后的一个原则是尊重。
08:39
that without it none
of the other principles can work.
of the other principles can work.
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没有这一条，其他的原则都不会有效。
08:43
Now, respect can be as simple as,
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表示尊重可以非常简单：
08:46
"Good afternoon, sir."
"Good morning, ma'am."
"Good morning, ma'am."
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“下午好，先生。”
“早上好，女士。”
“早上好，女士。”
08:49
It's looking the person in the eye
who is standing before you,
who is standing before you,
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尊重是，当别人站在你面前时，
要正视对方的眼镜，
要正视对方的眼镜，
08:52
especially when you're sentencing them.
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尤其是当你在向对方宣判的时候。
08:55
It's when I say,
"Um, how are you doing today?
"Um, how are you doing today?
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尊重是当你说出：
“您感觉今天怎样？
“您感觉今天怎样？
08:57
And what's going on with you?"
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您出了什么问题？”
08:58
And not as a greeting,
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并不是简简单单的打招呼，
而是让人们感到
你真正关心他们的回答。
你真正关心他们的回答。
09:00
but as someone who is
actually interested in the response.
actually interested in the response.
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09:03
Respect is the difference between saying,
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尊重就体现在你的话语中的差别：
09:06
"Ma'am, are you having difficulty
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“女士，在理解
这些文件上的信息有困难吗？”
09:08
understanding the information
in the paperwork?"
in the paperwork?"
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09:10
versus, "You can
read and write, can't you?"
read and write, can't you?"
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而不是，“你能读能写吧？”
09:13
when you've realized
there's a literacy issue.
there's a literacy issue.
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你需要认识到这些字里行间的差别。
09:16
And the good thing about respect
is that it's contagious.
is that it's contagious.
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好消息是，尊重是可以互相传播的。
09:19
People see you being
respectful to other folks
respectful to other folks
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人们看见你尊重他人，
09:21
and they impute
that respect to themselves.
that respect to themselves.
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他们也会对自己表现出尊重。
09:23
You see, that's what
the transgender prostitute was telling me.
the transgender prostitute was telling me.
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这就是那个变性的性工作者对我讲的。
09:27
I'm judging you just as much
as you think you may be judging me.
as you think you may be judging me.
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当你在对我做出审判的时候，
我同时也在对你进行审判。
我同时也在对你进行审判。
09:31
Now, I am not telling you what I think,
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我并不是在告诉大家我在想什么，
09:33
I am telling you what I have lived,
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我希望向大家传达我的亲身经历：
09:36
using procedural justice
to change the culture at my courthouse
to change the culture at my courthouse
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用程序正义来改变我们法院的环境，
09:40
and in the courtroom.
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来改变法庭里的事情。
09:42
After sitting comfortably for seven months
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当我作为一名交通法官
09:45
as a traffic court judge,
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平平稳稳地度过了7个月，
09:47
I was advised that I was being moved
to the criminal court,
to the criminal court,
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我被建议转去刑事法庭：
09:51
Part Two, criminal courtroom.
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第二巡回刑事法庭。
09:55
Now, I need you to understand,
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我需要让你们知道，
09:56
this was not good news.
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这并不是一个好消息。
（笑声）
09:58
(Laughter)
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绝对不是。
09:59
It was not.
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10:01
Part Two was known
as the worst courtroom in the city,
as the worst courtroom in the city,
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第二法庭是公认的
整个城市最糟的法庭，
整个城市最糟的法庭，
10:04
some folks would even say in the state.
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甚至有人说是全州最糟的法庭。
10:07
It was your typical urban courtroom
with revolving door justice,
with revolving door justice,
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这是一个典型的城市法庭，
用来解决邻里的问题，
用来解决邻里的问题，
10:11
you know, your regular lineup
of low-level offenders --
of low-level offenders --
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你所面对的都是
一些低级别的罪犯——
一些低级别的罪犯——
10:14
you know, the low-hanging fruit,
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都是容易误入歧途的人，
10:16
the drug-addicted prostitute,
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像吸毒成瘾的妓女，
10:19
the mentally ill homeless person
with quality-of-life tickets,
with quality-of-life tickets,
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患有精神疾患的无家可归者
拿着违反社会秩序的传票，
拿着违反社会秩序的传票，
10:23
the high school dropout petty drug dealer
and the misguided young people --
and the misguided young people --
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从高中辍学的毒贩，以及其他一些
被误导走上歧途的年轻人。
被误导走上歧途的年轻人。
10:28
you know, those folks
doing a life sentence
doing a life sentence
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这些人就这样一次
监禁30天，一次监禁30天，
监禁30天，一次监禁30天，
10:31
30 days at a time.
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就像无期徒刑一样。
10:34
Fortunately, the City of Newark
decided that Newarkers deserved better,
decided that Newarkers deserved better,
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幸运的是，纽瓦克市认为纽瓦克市民
应该得到更好的对待，
应该得到更好的对待，
10:37
and they partnered
with the Center for Court Innovation
with the Center for Court Innovation
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同时他们与法庭改革中心
10:40
and the New Jersey Judiciary
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以及新泽西司法系统合作，
10:42
to create Newark Community Solutions,
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致力于创造一个纽瓦克社区解决方案：
10:44
a community court program
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社区法庭项目，
10:46
that provided alternative sanctions.
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项目中法官可以采取可变通的裁决。
10:49
This means now a judge
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这意味着一个法官的判决
10:52
can sentence a defendant
to punishment with assistance.
to punishment with assistance.
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既要做到惩罚被告，
同时也要帮助被告人。
同时也要帮助被告人。
10:56
So a defendant who would
otherwise get a jail sentence
otherwise get a jail sentence
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因此这些被告人在被判入狱之外，
10:58
would now be able to get
individual counseling sessions,
individual counseling sessions,
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现在他们也同时可以参加个人咨询，
11:01
group counseling sessions
as well as community giveback,
as well as community giveback,
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小组咨询会，以及回报社区，
11:04
which is what we call community service.
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也就是我们所说的提供社区服务。
11:06
The only problem is
that this wonderful program
that this wonderful program
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唯一的问题是，这么好的项目
11:09
was now coming to Newark
and was going to be housed where?
and was going to be housed where?
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来到纽瓦克市，他们首先
要在哪个法庭开展呢？
要在哪个法庭开展呢？
11:12
Part Two criminal courtroom.
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第二刑事法庭。
11:15
And the attitudes there were terrible.
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然而法庭人员对此
的态度都非常消极。
的态度都非常消极。
11:17
And the reason that
the attitudes were terrible there
the attitudes were terrible there
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为什么他们态度如此消极呢？
11:20
was because everyone who was sent there
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因为被派到第二法庭的人
都认为这是一种惩罚。
11:22
understood they were
being sent there as punishment.
being sent there as punishment.
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11:24
The officers who were facing
disciplinary actions at times,
disciplinary actions at times,
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官员们觉得自己在面临纪律处分，
11:28
the public defender and prosecutor
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公诉人则觉得他们
11:30
felt like they were doing
a 30-day jail sentence on their rotation,
a 30-day jail sentence on their rotation,
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在轮流接受30天监禁，
11:35
the judges understood
they were being hazed
they were being hazed
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而法官们觉得他们就像
在大学女生联谊会
在大学女生联谊会
11:37
just like a college
sorority or fraternity.
sorority or fraternity.
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或兄弟会一样受到了欺侮。
11:42
I was once told that
an attorney who worked there
an attorney who worked there
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一个在那里工作的律师曾对我说，
11:44
referred to the defendants
as "the scum of the earth"
as "the scum of the earth"
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那些被告就像地球上败类的集合一样，
11:48
and then had to represent them.
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而他还要为他们辩护。
11:51
I would hear things from folks like,
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我经常从工作人员
那里听到这样的话：
那里听到这样的话：
“怎么能和那帮人一起工作，
他们那么讨厌。
他们那么讨厌。
11:53
"Oh, how could you work
with those people? They're so nasty.
with those people? They're so nasty.
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你是一个法官，又不是一个社工。”
11:55
You're a judge, not a social worker."
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11:58
But the reality is that as a society,
we criminalize social ills,
we criminalize social ills,
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但是事实就是，作为一个社会，
我们认定那些人犯罪了，
我们认定那些人犯罪了，
12:02
then sent people to a judge
and say, "Do something."
and say, "Do something."
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就把他们扔给法官
并说：“做点什么吧。”
并说：“做点什么吧。”
12:06
I decided that I was going
to lead by example.
to lead by example.
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我决定要改变这个现状，
成为一个好的榜样。
成为一个好的榜样。
12:08
So my first foray into the approach
came when a 60-something-year-old man
came when a 60-something-year-old man
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我第一次决定采取行动的对象是
一个大约60岁的老人，
一个大约60岁的老人，
12:12
appeared before me handcuffed.
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他带着手铐走到我的面前。
12:14
His head was lowered and his body
was showing the signs of drug withdrawal.
was showing the signs of drug withdrawal.
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他低着头，他的体征表明
他正处在毒品戒断反应中。
他正处在毒品戒断反应中。
12:19
I asked him how long he had been addicted,
and he said, "30 years."
and he said, "30 years."
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我问他吸毒成瘾多长时间了，
他回到：“30年。”
他回到：“30年。”
12:23
And I asked him, "Do you have any kids?"
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然后我又问他：“你有孩子吗？”
12:26
And he said, "Yeah,
I have a 32-year-old son."
I have a 32-year-old son."
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他说：“是的，我有一个32岁的儿子。”
12:29
And I said, "Oh, so you've never
had the opportunity
had the opportunity
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我说：“哦，你一定没有机会
12:32
to be a father to your son
because of your addiction."
because of your addiction."
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做一个合格的父亲，
因为你的毒瘾。
因为你的毒瘾。
12:36
He began to cry.
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他开始哭了起来。
12:38
I said, "You know what,
I'm going to let you go home,
I'm going to let you go home,
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我说：“你知道吗，我会让你回家，
12:41
and you'll come back in two weeks,
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两周后你要再回到这里，
当你再回到这里的时候，
我们会为你的戒毒提供一些帮助。
我们会为你的戒毒提供一些帮助。
12:43
and when you come back, we'll give you
some assistance for your addiction."
some assistance for your addiction."
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12:46
Surprisingly, two weeks passed
and he was sitting the courtroom.
and he was sitting the courtroom.
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令人惊奇的是，
两周后他回到了法庭上。
两周后他回到了法庭上。
12:50
When he came up, he said,
"Judge, I came back to court
"Judge, I came back to court
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但他发言时，他说：“法官，
我回到这个法庭，
我回到这个法庭，
12:53
because you showed me more love
than I had for myself."
than I had for myself."
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是因为你对我表现出了更多的爱，
甚至超过了我曾经对自己的爱。”
甚至超过了我曾经对自己的爱。”
12:56
And I thought, my God,
he heard love from the bench?
he heard love from the bench?
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当时我想，我的天哪，
他在法庭感受到了关心。
他在法庭感受到了关心。
13:00
I could do this all day.
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我可以一整天都这样做。
13:01
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
13:02
Because the reality is that
when the court behaves differently,
when the court behaves differently,
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事实上，当我的法庭
采取了新的方式后，
采取了新的方式后，
13:05
then naturally people respond differently.
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人们的反应也会自然的发生变化。
13:08
The court becomes a place
you can go to for assistance,
you can go to for assistance,
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法庭变成了一个人们寻求帮助的地方。
13:11
like the 60-something-year-old
schizophrenic homeless woman
schizophrenic homeless woman
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例如有一个大约60岁，患有
精神分裂症的无家可归的女性，
精神分裂症的无家可归的女性，
13:15
who was in distress
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她处在抑郁之中，
13:16
and fighting with the voices in her head,
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一直与自己头脑中的声音做着斗争，
13:18
and barges into court,
and screams, "Judge!
and screams, "Judge!
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她突然走入法庭对我喊：“法官！
13:21
I just came by to see how you were doing."
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我想来看看你近来怎样。”
13:24
I had been monitoring her case
for a couple of months,
for a couple of months,
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我曾经有好几个月负责她的案子，
13:27
her compliance with her medication,
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敦促她按时服药，
13:29
and had just closed out her case
a couple of weeks ago.
a couple of weeks ago.
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在几周前刚刚结束他的案子。
13:32
On this day she needed help,
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那天她刚好需要帮助，
13:34
and she came to court.
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所以来到了法庭。
13:35
And after four hours
of coaxing by the judge,
of coaxing by the judge,
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法官，警察，以及工作人员
13:39
the police officers and the staff,
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哄了她4个小时，
13:41
she is convinced to get into the ambulance
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终于让她同意坐上急救车，
13:44
that will take her to crisis unit
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去危机应对室，
13:46
so that she can get her medication.
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保证她能够得到应有的治疗。
13:49
People become connected to their community
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当法庭做出这样的改变的时候，
13:52
when the court changes,
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人们开始和自己的社区建立联系。
13:54
like the 50-something-year-old man
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又比如一个大约50岁的男性，
13:56
who told me, "Community service
was terrible, Judge.
was terrible, Judge.
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对我说：“我们的社区服务
真的太糟了，法官。
真的太糟了，法官。
13:59
I had to clean the park,
and it was full of empty heroin envelopes,
and it was full of empty heroin envelopes,
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我需要去清扫公园，然而公园里
满是空的海洛因包装，
满是空的海洛因包装，
14:02
and the kids had to play there."
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而同时那里还有孩子们在玩耍。”
14:04
As he wrung his hands, he confessed,
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他攥紧自己的手，对我倾诉：
14:07
"Judge, I realized that it was my fault,
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“法官，我意识到这是我的错误，
14:10
because I used that same park to get high,
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因为我曾经在那个相同的公园里吸毒，
14:13
and before you sent me there
to do community service,
to do community service,
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在你没派我去公园进行社区服务前，
14:15
I had never gone to the park
when I wasn't high,
when I wasn't high,
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我从来没有神志清醒的
来到过那个公园。
来到过那个公园。
14:18
so I never noticed
the children playing there."
the children playing there."
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我也从来没有意识到那里有孩子在玩。”
14:22
Every addict in the courtroom
lowered their head.
lowered their head.
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每个当庭的瘾君子都低下了自己的头。
14:25
Who better to teach that lesson?
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还有谁能让他们真正开始反省自己呢？
14:28
It helps the court reset
its relationship with the community,
its relationship with the community,
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这一切帮助法庭重建了
和社区之间的关系。
和社区之间的关系。
14:33
like with the 20-something-year-old guy
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还比如，一个大约20岁的年轻人，
14:36
who gets a job interview
through the court program.
through the court program.
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他通过法庭的项目得到了
一次工作面试的机会。
一次工作面试的机会。
14:39
He gets a job interview
at an office cleaning company,
at an office cleaning company,
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他面试的工作是一家清洁公司。
14:42
and he comes back to court to proudly say,
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当他回到法庭时自豪地说：
14:44
"Judge, I even worked in my suit
after the interview,
after the interview,
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“法官，面试后我甚至
穿着西装在工作，
穿着西装在工作，
14:49
because I wanted the guy to see
how bad I wanted the job."
how bad I wanted the job."
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因为我希望让那些人看到，
我多么想要得到这份工作。
我多么想要得到这份工作。
14:54
It's what happens
when a person in authority
when a person in authority
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这就是当一个来自权力机构的人
14:58
treats you with dignity and respect,
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充满尊重和尊严地
对待每一个人时发生的一切。
对待每一个人时发生的一切。
15:00
like the 40-something-year-old guy
who struts down the aisle
who struts down the aisle
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又比如，一个大约40岁的人走在过道上，
15:03
and says, "Judge,
do you notice anything different?"
do you notice anything different?"
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对我说：“法官，你注意到
我看起来有什么不同了吗？”
我看起来有什么不同了吗？”
15:06
And when I look up,
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当我抬起头时，
15:07
he's pointing at his new teeth
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他指着自己的新牙齿。
15:10
that he was able to get after getting
a referral from the program,
a referral from the program,
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他因为法庭的项目得到转诊的机会，
15:13
but he was able to get them
to replace the old teeth
to replace the old teeth
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才得以更换自己的旧牙，
15:17
that he lost as a result
of years of heroin addiction.
of years of heroin addiction.
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那些牙齿因为多年吸食海洛因都掉了。
15:21
When he looks in the mirror,
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现在当他照镜子的时候，
15:22
now he sees somebody who is worth saving.
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他能看到一个值得在世上活下去的人，
15:25
You see, I have a dream
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我有自己的梦想。
15:27
and that dream is
that judges will use these tools
that judges will use these tools
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我的梦想是让所有的法官
都能够使用这套工具，
都能够使用这套工具，
15:31
to revolutionize
the communities that they serve.
the communities that they serve.
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去改造他们服务的社区。
15:35
Now, these tools
are not miracle cure-alls,
are not miracle cure-alls,
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这些工具并不是万能的解药，
15:37
but they get us light-years closer
to where we want to be,
to where we want to be,
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但是能够帮助我们向
既定的目标更近一步，
既定的目标更近一步，
15:41
and where we want to be is a place
that people enter our halls of justice
that people enter our halls of justice
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我们的目标是当人们来到法庭时，
15:45
and believe they will be treated
with dignity and respect
with dignity and respect
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他们相信自己在法庭上
能够得到尊重和尊严，
能够得到尊重和尊严，
15:48
and know that justice
will be served there.
will be served there.
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并且他们知道在这里正义会得到维护。
15:52
Imagine that, a simple idea.
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想象一下，这个简单的想法。
15:55
Thank you.
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谢谢大家。
15:56
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Victoria Pratt - ProfessorJudge Victoria Pratt is inspiring a global revolution in criminal justice.
Why you should listen
Judge Victoria Pratt has gained national and international acclaim for her commitment to reforming the criminal justice system. As the Chief Judge in Newark Municipal Court in Newark, New Jersey, a busy urban court, she spent years gaining a deep understanding of how justice could be delivered to court participants in a manner that increased their trust in the legal system. While presiding over Newark Community Solutions, the Community Court Program, she provided alternatives to jail to low-level offenders. These alternatives included community service, individual and group counseling sessions, and her signature assignment of introspective essays. Her respectful approach has had a positive effect on court participant’s court experience -- and how the community viewed the court.
Pratt is now serving as a Professor at Rutgers Law School in Newark, an institution that has always been committed to social justice. Her teaching load includes problem-solving courts and restorative justice. As a graduate of Rutgers Law, she is excited by the opportunity to influence the minds of future lawyers and judges with innovative and humane ways of dealing with court participants. She also continues to champion criminal justice reform through her consulting firm Pratt Lucien Consultants, LLC, by sharing her skills and approach with others.
Pratt’s work has been featured in The Guardian and Rutgers Magazine (both written by Pulitzer-winning author Tina Rosenberg.) As a nationally recognized expert in procedural justice and alternative sentencing, she has been asked by numerous professional organizations and jurisdictions to share her story and philosophy. Judge Pratt has also appeared on MSNBC's "Melissa Harris Perry Show," the Emmy-winning PBS show "Due Process," and National Public Radio's "Conversations with Allan Wolper."
Pratt is licensed to practice law in both New Jersey and New York and is admitted to the US Supreme Court. She also facilitates empowerment sessions to help people live their best lives.
(Photo: Erik James Montgomery)
Victoria Pratt | Speaker | TED.com