TEDNYC
Victoria Pratt: How judges can show respect
維多莉亞普萊特: 法官能如何展現尊重
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我們如何確保人人在法庭裡被尊重對待？新澤西的先鋒法官維多莉亞普萊特分享她的「程序正義」原則——四個考量周到的步驟，重新定義了她在紐華克法庭中的日常工作，也改變了許多人的生命。她說：「當法庭的行為不同時，人的回應自然也會不同。」「我們希望人們進入正義大廳時…，知道正義會在那裡得到伸張。」
Victoria Pratt - Professor
Judge Victoria Pratt is inspiring a global revolution in criminal justice. Full bio
Judge Victoria Pratt is inspiring a global revolution in criminal justice. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
"Judge, I want to tell you something.
I want to tell you something.
I want to tell you something.
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「法官，我想告訴你一件事。
我想告訴你一件事。
我想告訴你一件事。
我一直在注意你，
00:16
I been watching you
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00:18
and you're not two-faced.
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你並不是雙面人。
00:20
You treat everybody the same."
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你平等對待每個人。
00:23
That was said to me
by a transgender prostitute
by a transgender prostitute
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以上是位變性娼妓告訴我的，
00:27
who before I had gotten on the bench
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在我走上法官席之前，
00:29
had fired her public defender,
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她已經開除了她的公設辯護律師，
00:31
insulted the court officer
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污辱了法庭警察，
00:33
and yelled at the person
sitting next to her,
sitting next to her,
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並對坐在她旁邊的人大吼：
00:36
"I don't know what you're looking at.
I look better than the girl you're with."
I look better than the girl you're with."
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「我不知道你在看甚麼。
我看起來比你女友還好。」
我看起來比你女友還好。」
00:39
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:41
She said this to me
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在她對我說那些話之前，
00:43
after I said her male name low enough
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我小聲說出她的男性名字，
00:46
so that it could
be picked up by the record,
be picked up by the record,
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音量足以讓記錄員聽得到，
00:49
but I said her female name loud enough
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但我大聲說出她的女性名字，
00:51
so that she could walk down the aisle
towards counselor's table with dignity.
towards counselor's table with dignity.
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讓她可以尊嚴地穿過走道
走到律師桌旁。
走到律師桌旁。
00:56
This is procedural justice,
also known as procedural fairness,
also known as procedural fairness,
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這就是程序正義，即程序公平，
01:00
at its best.
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發揮到極至。
01:01
You see, I am the daughter
of an African-American garbageman
of an African-American garbageman
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我爸爸是非裔美國清潔工，
01:05
who was born in Harlem
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他生在哈林區，
01:06
and spent his summers
in the segregated South.
in the segregated South.
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夏天都待在種族隔離的南方。
01:09
Soy la hija de una peluquera dominicana.
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Soy la hija de una peluquera
dominicana.（以西語說她的母親）
dominicana.（以西語說她的母親）
01:12
I do that to make sure
you're still paying attention.
you're still paying attention.
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我這樣做是要確保
你們都還在留心聽。
你們都還在留心聽。
01:14
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:16
I'm the daughter of a Dominican beautician
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我媽媽是多明尼加美容師，
01:18
who came to this country
for a better life for her unborn children.
for a better life for her unborn children.
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她來到這個國家，是為了尚未
出生的孩子尋找更好的生活。
出生的孩子尋找更好的生活。
01:22
My parents taught me, you treat everyone
you meet with dignity and respect,
you meet with dignity and respect,
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我父母教我要用尊嚴和尊敬
對待遇到的每個人，
對待遇到的每個人，
01:26
no matter how they look,
no matter how they dress,
no matter how they dress,
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不論他們的長相，不論他們的衣著，
01:28
no matter how they spoke.
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不論他們如何說話。
01:31
You see, the principles of fairness
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公平的原則，
01:33
were taught to me at an early age,
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我在很小的時候就學到了，
01:37
and unbeknownst to me,
it would be the most important lesson
it would be the most important lesson
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我那時並不知道，那會是我帶到
01:40
that I carried with me
to the Newark Municipal Court bench.
to the Newark Municipal Court bench.
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紐華克地方法院
法官席上最重要的一課。
法官席上最重要的一課。
01:44
And because I was dragged
off the playground
off the playground
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因為早在十歲時
我就被拖離遊樂場去幫家人翻譯，
01:47
at the early age of 10
to translate for family members
to translate for family members
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01:51
as they began to migrate
to the United States,
to the United States,
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那是在他們移民美國之初，
01:54
I understand how daunting it can be
for a person, a novice,
for a person, a novice,
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因此我了解新手要在政府制度下
找到方向是多麼讓人氣餒。
01:59
to navigate any government system.
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02:02
Every day across America
and around the globe,
and around the globe,
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每天，在全美以及全球，
02:05
people encounter our courts,
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人們會需要面對法官，
02:08
and it is a place
that is foreign, intimidating
that is foreign, intimidating
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法庭是個很陌生、令人生畏的、
且通常對他們很有敵意的地方。
02:11
and often hostile towards them.
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02:15
They are confused
about the nature of their charges,
about the nature of their charges,
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他們對於受到
甚麼樣的指控感到困惑，
甚麼樣的指控感到困惑，
02:19
annoyed about their encounters
with the police
with the police
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對於和警方的接觸著急懊惱，
02:22
and facing consequences that might impact
their relationships, their finances
their relationships, their finances
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且要面對判決結果有可能會
影響到他們的關係、財務、
影響到他們的關係、財務、
02:27
and even their liberty.
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甚至他們的自由。
02:29
Let me paint a picture for you
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讓我為各位說明
02:30
of what it's like for the average person
who encounters our courts.
who encounters our courts.
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一般人面對法官時會是甚麼樣。
02:35
First, they're annoyed as they're probed
going through court security.
going through court security.
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首先，通過法庭警衛時會被搜身，
這使得他們惱火。
這使得他們惱火。
02:40
They finally get through court security,
they walk around the building,
they walk around the building,
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好不容易通過法庭警衛，
他們走在大樓裡
問不同的人相同的問題，
問不同的人相同的問題，
02:43
they ask different people
the same question
the same question
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02:46
and get different answers.
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卻得到不同的答案。
02:49
When they finally get
to where they're supposed to be,
to where they're supposed to be,
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當他們終於到了他們該去的地方，
02:51
it gets really bad
when they encounter the courts.
when they encounter the courts.
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他們面對法官的情況就非常糟。
02:55
What would you think if I told you
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你們覺得如何，若我說：
02:56
that you could improve
people's court experience,
people's court experience,
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可以改善人們的法庭經驗，
03:00
increase their compliance with the law
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讓他們更符合法律和法庭命令的規範，
03:03
and court orders,
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03:05
all the while increasing
the public's trust
the public's trust
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同時增加公眾對於
司法體制的信任，
03:08
in the justice system
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只需用一個簡單想法就做到？
03:09
with a simple idea?
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03:11
Well, that simple idea
is procedural justice
is procedural justice
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那個簡單想法就是程序正義，
03:15
and it's a concept that says
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它是一個概念，指的是
03:17
that if people perceive
they are treated fairly
they are treated fairly
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如果人們覺得他們被地公平對待，
03:20
and with dignity and respect,
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能得到尊嚴及尊重，
03:22
they'll obey the law.
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他們就會遵守法律。
03:24
Well, that's what
Yale professor Tom Tyler found
Yale professor Tom Tyler found
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那是耶魯教授湯姆泰勒的發現，
03:27
when he began to study
as far back in the '70s
as far back in the '70s
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他早在七零年代時就開始研究
03:30
why people obey the law.
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為甚麼人們會遵守法律。
03:33
He found that if people
see the justice system
see the justice system
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他發現，如果人們將司法體制視為是
強制實施規則和規定的正當權威，
03:35
as a legitimate authority
to impose rules and regulations,
to impose rules and regulations,
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03:40
they would follow them.
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他們就會遵從。
03:41
His research concluded
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他的研究結論是，
03:43
that people would be satisfied
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人們會滿意
03:47
with the judge's rulings,
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法官的判決，
03:49
even when the judge ruled against them,
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即使法官的判決對他們不利，
03:51
if they perceived
that they were treated fairly
that they were treated fairly
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只要他們覺得他們有被公平對待，
03:53
and with dignity and respect.
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且有得到尊嚴和尊重。
03:56
And that perception of fairness
begins with what?
begins with what?
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而那種公平的感覺要從何開始？
03:59
Begins with how judges speak
to court participants.
to court participants.
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始於法官對法庭參與者說話的方式。
04:04
Now, being a judge
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擔任法官
04:06
is sometimes like having
a reserve seat to a tragic reality show
a reserve seat to a tragic reality show
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有時有點像是
在悲劇實境節目中有個保留席，
在悲劇實境節目中有個保留席，
04:12
that has no commercial interruptions
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這節目沒有廣告打斷，
04:14
and no season finale.
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也沒有當季完結篇。
04:17
It's true.
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是真的。
04:18
People come before me handcuffed,
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人們來到我面前時，手被銬著、
04:21
drug-sick, depressed, hungry
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毒癮發作、沮喪、飢餓、
04:24
and mentally ill.
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頭腦有問題。
04:28
When I saw that their need for help
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當我看到，他們對於協助的需求
04:31
was greater than my fear
of appearing vulnerable on the bench,
of appearing vulnerable on the bench,
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大於我害怕在法官席上
顯得脆弱的恐懼，
顯得脆弱的恐懼，
04:35
I realized that not only
did I need to do something,
did I need to do something,
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我不只了解到我得要做點甚麼，
04:38
but that in fact I could do something.
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也了解到我能夠做甚麼。
04:41
The good news is is that the principles
of procedural justice are easy
of procedural justice are easy
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好消息是，程序正義的原則很簡單，
04:45
and can be implemented
as quickly as tomorrow.
as quickly as tomorrow.
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可以快到明天就實施。
04:48
The even better news,
that it can be done for free.
that it can be done for free.
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更好的消息是，它可以是免費的 。
04:50
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:51
The first principle is voice.
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第一條原則是聲音。
04:53
Give people an opportunity to speak,
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給人們發聲的機會，
04:55
even when you're
not going to let them speak.
not going to let them speak.
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即使你沒有讓他們說話。
04:58
Explain it.
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解釋一下。
04:59
"Sir, I'm not letting you speak right now.
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「先生，我無法讓你在現在發言。
05:01
You don't have an attorney.
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你沒有律師。
05:03
I don't want you to say anything
that's going to hurt your case."
that's going to hurt your case."
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我不希望你說出任何
不利於你案件的話。」
不利於你案件的話。」
05:06
For me, assigning essays to defendants
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對我來說，指派被告寫篇短文
05:08
has been a tremendous way
of giving them voice.
of giving them voice.
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一直都是讓他們發聲好方式。
05:12
I recently gave an 18-year-old
college student an essay.
college student an essay.
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我最近叫一個十八歲的
大學生寫一篇短文。
大學生寫一篇短文。
05:16
He lamented his underage drinking charge.
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他為他未成年飲酒的指控感到悲痛。
05:20
As he stood before me reading his essay,
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他站在我面前，讀他的短文，
05:22
his voice cracking
and his hands trembling,
and his hands trembling,
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他的聲音粗啞，他的手在發抖，
05:24
he said that he worried that he
had become an alcoholic like his mom,
had become an alcoholic like his mom,
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他說他擔心會變成
和他媽媽一樣的酒鬼，
和他媽媽一樣的酒鬼，
05:28
who had died a couple of months prior
due to alcohol-related liver disease.
due to alcohol-related liver disease.
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他的媽媽幾個月前過世，
死因是和飲酒有關的肝病。
死因是和飲酒有關的肝病。
05:34
You see, assigning a letter
to my father, a letter to my son,
to my father, a letter to my son,
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指派寫一封信給父親、給兒子：
05:38
"If I knew then what I know now ..."
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「如果我當初知道我現在知道的…」
05:40
"If I believed one
positive thing about myself,
positive thing about myself,
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「如果我相信自己的一個優點，
05:43
how would my life be different?"
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我的人生會有何不同？」
05:45
gives the person an opportunity
to be introspective,
to be introspective,
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給這個人一個機會來自省，
05:48
go on the inside,
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向內看，
05:50
which is where all the answers are anyway.
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畢竟所有的答案都在那裡。
05:52
But it also gives them an opportunity
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但這麼做也是給他們機會
05:54
to share something with the court
that goes beyond their criminal record
that goes beyond their criminal record
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和法庭分享一些超出
他們的犯罪紀錄和指控之外的東西。
05:58
and their charges.
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06:01
The next principle is neutrality.
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下一個原則是中立。
06:03
When increasing public trust
in the justice system,
in the justice system,
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若要在司法體制中增加公眾的信任，
06:07
neutrality is paramount.
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中立是最重要的。
06:08
The judge cannot be perceived
to be favoring one side over the other.
to be favoring one side over the other.
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法官不能讓人覺得他在偏袒某一方。
06:13
The judge has to make a conscious decision
not to say things like,
not to say things like,
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法官必須要做出有意識的決定，
不能說像這樣的話：
不能說像這樣的話：
06:17
"my officer," "my prosecutor,"
"my defense attorney."
"my defense attorney."
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「我的警官」、「我的檢察官」、
「我的辯護律師」。
「我的辯護律師」。
06:21
And this is challenging
when we work in environments
when we work in environments
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法庭上的人都是被指派來的，
06:24
where you have people
assigned to your courts,
assigned to your courts,
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同樣的人進出你的法庭，
在這樣的環境中工作，
在這樣的環境中工作，
06:27
the same people coming
in and out of your courts as well.
in and out of your courts as well.
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要做到這一點很有挑戰性。
06:31
When I think of neutrality,
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當我在思考中立性時，
06:32
I'm reminded of when I was
a new Rutgers Law grad
a new Rutgers Law grad
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我會想到當我剛從
羅格斯法學院畢業，
羅格斯法學院畢業，
06:36
and freshly minted attorney,
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還是個新人菜鳥律師，
06:38
and I entered an arbitration
and I was greeted by two grey-haired men
and I was greeted by two grey-haired men
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我去到一場仲裁，
有兩個灰髮男子迎接我，
有兩個灰髮男子迎接我，
06:43
who were joking about
the last game of golf they played together
the last game of golf they played together
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他們在笑談著他們上次
一起打的高爾夫球賽，
一起打的高爾夫球賽，
06:47
and planning future social outings.
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並在規劃之後的社交旅行。
06:49
I knew my client couldn't get
a fair shot in that forum.
a fair shot in that forum.
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我知道我的客戶不會在
那個法庭得到公平的機會。
那個法庭得到公平的機會。
06:54
The next principle is understand.
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下一個原則是了解。
06:57
It is critical that court participants
understand the process,
understand the process,
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非常重要的一點是，
法庭參與者要了解流程、
法庭參與者要了解流程、
07:02
the consequences of the process
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流程的後果、
07:05
and what's expected of them.
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以及他人對他們的期望。
07:07
I like to say that legalese
is the language we use to confuse.
is the language we use to confuse.
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我想說，法律措辭是
我們用來讓人困惑的語言。
我們用來讓人困惑的語言。
07:12
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
07:13
I am keenly aware that the people
who appear before me,
who appear before me,
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我非常清楚知道，
出現在我面前的人，
出現在我面前的人，
07:16
many of them have very little education
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當中有許多人沒受過多少教育，
07:18
and English is often
their second language.
their second language.
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且英文常常是他們的第二語言。
07:21
So I speak plain English in court.
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所以在法庭上我說的是白話英文。
07:24
A great example of this
was when I was a young judge --
was when I was a young judge --
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有個很好的例子，
當我是個年輕的法官時——
當我是個年輕的法官時——
07:26
oh no, I mean younger judge.
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應該說，比較年輕的法官——
07:28
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
當我是個比較年輕的法官時，
一位資深法官來找我，
一位資深法官來找我，
07:29
When I was a younger judge,
a senior judge comes to me,
a senior judge comes to me,
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07:32
gives me a script and says,
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給我一份稿子，說：
07:33
"If you think somebody
has mental health issues,
has mental health issues,
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「如果你認為一個人
有心理健康問題，
有心理健康問題，
07:35
ask them these questions
and you can get your evaluation."
and you can get your evaluation."
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問他們這些問題，
你就可以做評估了。」
你就可以做評估了。」
所以，當我第一次遇到
07:38
So the first time I saw someone
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07:40
who had what I thought
was a mental health issue,
was a mental health issue,
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我認為有心理健康問題的人時，
我就拿出我的稿子，開始問問題。
07:42
I went for my script
and I started to ask questions.
and I started to ask questions.
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「先生，你是否服用治療精——
呃，治療精神——
呃，治療精神——
07:45
"Um, sir, do you take psycho --
um, psychotrop --
um, psychotrop --
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07:48
psychotropic medication?"
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治療精神異常的藥物？」
07:50
"Nope."
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「沒有。」
07:52
"Uh, sir, have you treated
with a psychiatrist before?"
with a psychiatrist before?"
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「先生，你以前是否有
接受過精神病醫師的治療？」
接受過精神病醫師的治療？」
07:56
"Nope."
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「沒有。」
07:57
But it was obvious that the person
was suffering from mental illness.
was suffering from mental illness.
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但很明顯這個人是有精神病的。
08:01
One day, in my frustration, I decided
to scrap the script and ask one question.
to scrap the script and ask one question.
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我覺得很挫折，有一天，
我扔了我的稿子，問了一個問題。
我扔了我的稿子，問了一個問題。
「女士，你是否服用藥物
來讓腦袋清醒？」
來讓腦袋清醒？」
08:05
"Ma'am, do you take medication
to clear your mind?"
to clear your mind?"
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08:08
"Yeah, judge, I take Haldol
for my schizophrenia,
for my schizophrenia,
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「有的，法官，我吃氟哌啶醇
來治療精神分裂症，
來治療精神分裂症，
08:10
Xanax for my anxiety."
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吃佳靜安定來治療焦慮。」
08:13
The question works even when it doesn't.
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這個問題連在沒用時都有用。
08:15
"Mr. L, do you take medication
to clear your mind?"
to clear your mind?"
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「L 先生，你是否服用
藥物來讓腦袋清醒？」
藥物來讓腦袋清醒？」
08:18
"No, judge, I don't take
no medication to clear my mind.
no medication to clear my mind.
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「不，法官，我不用
任何藥物來讓腦袋清醒。
任何藥物來讓腦袋清醒。
08:21
I take medication
to stop the voices in my head,
to stop the voices in my head,
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我吃藥是為了讓我腦中的聲音停止，
08:23
but my mind is fine."
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但我的腦子很好。」
08:25
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
08:26
You see, once people
understand the question,
understand the question,
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一旦人們能了解問題，
他們就能給你有價值的資訊，
08:29
they can give you valuable information
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08:31
that allows the court
to make meaningful decisions
to make meaningful decisions
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讓法庭能對於審理的案件
08:34
about the cases that are before them.
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做出有意義的決定。
08:36
The last principle is respect,
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最後一項原則是尊重，
08:39
that without it none
of the other principles can work.
of the other principles can work.
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沒有尊重，所有的原則都沒用。
08:43
Now, respect can be as simple as,
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尊重可以像這麼簡單：
08:46
"Good afternoon, sir."
"Good morning, ma'am."
"Good morning, ma'am."
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「午安，先生。」「早安，女士。」
08:49
It's looking the person in the eye
who is standing before you,
who is standing before you,
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看著站在你面前的這個人的雙眼，
08:52
especially when you're sentencing them.
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特別是當你在對他們宣判時。
08:55
It's when I say,
"Um, how are you doing today?
"Um, how are you doing today?
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那時我會說：「你今天好嗎？
08:57
And what's going on with you?"
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有發生什麼事嗎？」
08:58
And not as a greeting,
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那不是打招呼，
09:00
but as someone who is
actually interested in the response.
actually interested in the response.
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而是要真的對回應感到興趣。
09:03
Respect is the difference between saying,
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尊重，就是下列
兩種說法之間的差別：
兩種說法之間的差別：
09:06
"Ma'am, are you having difficulty
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「女士，你是否有困難
09:08
understanding the information
in the paperwork?"
in the paperwork?"
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無法了解文件上的資訊？」
09:10
versus, "You can
read and write, can't you?"
read and write, can't you?"
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對比「你識字也會寫字，對吧？」
09:13
when you've realized
there's a literacy issue.
there's a literacy issue.
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兩種都是當發現
有識字問題時的問法。
有識字問題時的問法。
09:16
And the good thing about respect
is that it's contagious.
is that it's contagious.
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尊重有個好處，就是它有感染力。
09:19
People see you being
respectful to other folks
respectful to other folks
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人們看見你對其他人尊重，
09:21
and they impute
that respect to themselves.
that respect to themselves.
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他們會把那尊重轉嫁給他們自己。
09:23
You see, that's what
the transgender prostitute was telling me.
the transgender prostitute was telling me.
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那就是那位變性娼妓告訴我的。
09:27
I'm judging you just as much
as you think you may be judging me.
as you think you may be judging me.
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你認為你在評斷我，
我也同樣在評斷你。
我也同樣在評斷你。
09:31
Now, I am not telling you what I think,
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我不是在告訴你們我的想法，
09:33
I am telling you what I have lived,
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我說的是我親身經歷過的，
09:36
using procedural justice
to change the culture at my courthouse
to change the culture at my courthouse
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用程序正義來改變
我的法院中的文化，
我的法院中的文化，
以及法庭中的文化。
09:40
and in the courtroom.
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09:42
After sitting comfortably for seven months
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在非常舒適地當了七個月的
09:45
as a traffic court judge,
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交通法庭法官之後，
09:47
I was advised that I was being moved
to the criminal court,
to the criminal court,
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我被告知我要被調到刑事法庭，
09:51
Part Two, criminal courtroom.
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第二部份，刑事法庭。
09:55
Now, I need you to understand,
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我需要各位了解，
09:56
this was not good news.
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這不是好消息。
09:58
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
09:59
It was not.
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不是。
10:01
Part Two was known
as the worst courtroom in the city,
as the worst courtroom in the city,
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第二部份是全市中最糟的法庭，
10:04
some folks would even say in the state.
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甚至有人會說是全州中最糟的。
10:07
It was your typical urban courtroom
with revolving door justice,
with revolving door justice,
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它是個很典型的法庭，有著旋轉門，
10:11
you know, your regular lineup
of low-level offenders --
of low-level offenders --
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常見的一排低階犯罪者，
10:14
you know, the low-hanging fruit,
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如你所知，最簡單的，
10:16
the drug-addicted prostitute,
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有毒癮的娼妓，
10:19
the mentally ill homeless person
with quality-of-life tickets,
with quality-of-life tickets,
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有精神疾病又無家可歸的人
因為小的不端行為被開罰單，
因為小的不端行為被開罰單，
10:23
the high school dropout petty drug dealer
and the misguided young people --
and the misguided young people --
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高中中綴生、低層的毒販、
誤入歧途的年輕人——
誤入歧途的年輕人——
10:28
you know, those folks
doing a life sentence
doing a life sentence
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這些人是以一次三十天的方式
10:31
30 days at a time.
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服終身監禁的刑。
10:34
Fortunately, the City of Newark
decided that Newarkers deserved better,
decided that Newarkers deserved better,
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幸運的是，紐華克市認為
紐華克值得有更好的，
紐華克值得有更好的，
10:37
and they partnered
with the Center for Court Innovation
with the Center for Court Innovation
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他們與法院創新中心
以及新澤西州司法部合作，
10:40
and the New Jersey Judiciary
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10:42
to create Newark Community Solutions,
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創造了紐華克社區解決方案，
10:44
a community court program
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這是一個社區法庭計劃，
10:46
that provided alternative sanctions.
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提供替代的制裁。
10:49
This means now a judge
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這意味著，法官可以
10:52
can sentence a defendant
to punishment with assistance.
to punishment with assistance.
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判被告協助性質的懲罰。
10:56
So a defendant who would
otherwise get a jail sentence
otherwise get a jail sentence
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本來可能會被判坐牢的被告，
10:58
would now be able to get
individual counseling sessions,
individual counseling sessions,
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現在能得到各別的諮詢時段，
11:01
group counseling sessions
as well as community giveback,
as well as community giveback,
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團體諮詢時段，還有社區回饋，
11:04
which is what we call community service.
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也就是所謂的社區服務。
11:06
The only problem is
that this wonderful program
that this wonderful program
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唯一的問題是，這美好的計劃
11:09
was now coming to Newark
and was going to be housed where?
and was going to be housed where?
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現在要來到紐華克，要被放在哪裡？
11:12
Part Two criminal courtroom.
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第二部份刑事法庭。
11:15
And the attitudes there were terrible.
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而那裡的態度糟透了。
11:17
And the reason that
the attitudes were terrible there
the attitudes were terrible there
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那裡態度糟透的原因是，
11:20
was because everyone who was sent there
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因為每個被送到那裡的人，
11:22
understood they were
being sent there as punishment.
being sent there as punishment.
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都知道他們是被送去那裡受罰的。
11:24
The officers who were facing
disciplinary actions at times,
disciplinary actions at times,
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警員總是在面對紀律行為問題，
11:28
the public defender and prosecutor
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公設辯護律師和檢察官
11:30
felt like they were doing
a 30-day jail sentence on their rotation,
a 30-day jail sentence on their rotation,
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覺得他們被罰做三十天的輪調，
11:35
the judges understood
they were being hazed
they were being hazed
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法官了解他們是被捉弄，
11:37
just like a college
sorority or fraternity.
sorority or fraternity.
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就像大學兄弟會或姐妹會。
11:42
I was once told that
an attorney who worked there
an attorney who worked there
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我曾聽說，有個在那裡工作的律師，
11:44
referred to the defendants
as "the scum of the earth"
as "the scum of the earth"
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把被告稱為「地球的人渣」，
11:48
and then had to represent them.
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然後還得要代表他們。
11:51
I would hear things from folks like,
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我會聽到人們這樣說：
11:53
"Oh, how could you work
with those people? They're so nasty.
with those people? They're so nasty.
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「你怎麼能忍受和這些人
工作？他們好齷齪。
工作？他們好齷齪。
11:55
You're a judge, not a social worker."
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你是法官，不是社工。」
11:58
But the reality is that as a society,
we criminalize social ills,
we criminalize social ills,
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但現實是，我們這個社會
會將社會問題當犯罪看待，
會將社會問題當犯罪看待，
12:02
then sent people to a judge
and say, "Do something."
and say, "Do something."
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接著把人送去給法官，
說：「做點甚麼吧。」
說：「做點甚麼吧。」
12:06
I decided that I was going
to lead by example.
to lead by example.
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我決定我要帶頭當典範。
12:08
So my first foray into the approach
came when a 60-something-year-old man
came when a 60-something-year-old man
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我初次嘗試這個方法，
對象是六十多歲的男子，
對象是六十多歲的男子，
12:12
appeared before me handcuffed.
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他在我面前時手被銬著。
12:14
His head was lowered and his body
was showing the signs of drug withdrawal.
was showing the signs of drug withdrawal.
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他低著頭，他的身體
顯示出戒斷毒品的徵兆。
顯示出戒斷毒品的徵兆。
12:19
I asked him how long he had been addicted,
and he said, "30 years."
and he said, "30 years."
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我問他，他染上毒癮多久了，
他說：「三十年。」
他說：「三十年。」
12:23
And I asked him, "Do you have any kids?"
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我問他：「你有孩子嗎？」
12:26
And he said, "Yeah,
I have a 32-year-old son."
I have a 32-year-old son."
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他說：「有，我有個
三十二歲的兒子。」
三十二歲的兒子。」
12:29
And I said, "Oh, so you've never
had the opportunity
had the opportunity
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我說：「喔，所以你從來沒有機會
12:32
to be a father to your son
because of your addiction."
because of your addiction."
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去扮演你兒子的父親，
因為你染上了毒癮。」
因為你染上了毒癮。」
12:36
He began to cry.
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他開始哭。
12:38
I said, "You know what,
I'm going to let you go home,
I'm going to let you go home,
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我說：「你知道嗎，我要放你回家，
12:41
and you'll come back in two weeks,
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兩週後你再回來，
12:43
and when you come back, we'll give you
some assistance for your addiction."
some assistance for your addiction."
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當你回來時，我們會
給你戒毒方面的協助。」
給你戒毒方面的協助。」
12:46
Surprisingly, two weeks passed
and he was sitting the courtroom.
and he was sitting the courtroom.
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很意外地，兩週過去了，
他坐在法庭內。
他坐在法庭內。
12:50
When he came up, he said,
"Judge, I came back to court
"Judge, I came back to court
265
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他上前時，他說：
「法官，我回來法庭
「法官，我回來法庭
12:53
because you showed me more love
than I had for myself."
than I had for myself."
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因為你對我展現的愛，
比我給我自己的愛還多。」
比我給我自己的愛還多。」
12:56
And I thought, my God,
he heard love from the bench?
he heard love from the bench?
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我心想，我的天，
他從法官席聽到愛？
他從法官席聽到愛？
13:00
I could do this all day.
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我可以整天都這樣做。
13:01
(Laughter)
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1016
（笑聲）
13:02
Because the reality is that
when the court behaves differently,
when the court behaves differently,
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因為，現實是，
當法庭的行為不同時，
當法庭的行為不同時，
13:05
then naturally people respond differently.
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很自然地，人的回應也會不同。
13:08
The court becomes a place
you can go to for assistance,
you can go to for assistance,
272
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法庭變成你可以去求助的地方，
13:11
like the 60-something-year-old
schizophrenic homeless woman
schizophrenic homeless woman
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就像一位六十多歲的
精神分裂無家女子，
精神分裂無家女子，
13:15
who was in distress
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她很煩惱，
13:16
and fighting with the voices in her head,
275
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在對抗她腦中的聲音，
13:18
and barges into court,
and screams, "Judge!
and screams, "Judge!
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她衝進法庭，大叫：「法官！
13:21
I just came by to see how you were doing."
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我只是來看看你好不好。」
13:24
I had been monitoring her case
for a couple of months,
for a couple of months,
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我已經監控她的案子好幾個月了，
13:27
her compliance with her medication,
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她有依指示服藥，
13:29
and had just closed out her case
a couple of weeks ago.
a couple of weeks ago.
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幾週前她的案子才剛結案。
13:32
On this day she needed help,
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在這一天，她需要協助，
13:34
and she came to court.
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而她來到了法庭。
13:35
And after four hours
of coaxing by the judge,
of coaxing by the judge,
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在法官、警官、其他職員
13:39
the police officers and the staff,
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哄勸四小時之後，
13:41
she is convinced to get into the ambulance
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她被說服上了救護車，
13:44
that will take her to crisis unit
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救護車會載她到危機單位，
13:46
so that she can get her medication.
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在那裡她能拿到她的藥。
13:49
People become connected to their community
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當法庭改變，人們就能
13:52
when the court changes,
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和他們的社區連結，
13:54
like the 50-something-year-old man
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就像有一位五十多歲的男子
13:56
who told me, "Community service
was terrible, Judge.
was terrible, Judge.
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告訴我：「社區服務很糟，法官。
13:59
I had to clean the park,
and it was full of empty heroin envelopes,
and it was full of empty heroin envelopes,
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我得要清理公園，
那裡都是空的海洛因封套，
那裡都是空的海洛因封套，
14:02
and the kids had to play there."
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而孩子還在那邊玩。」
14:04
As he wrung his hands, he confessed,
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他一副憂慮的樣子，他自白說：
14:07
"Judge, I realized that it was my fault,
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「法官，我了解到，那是我的錯，
14:10
because I used that same park to get high,
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因為我曾在那個公園吸毒，
14:13
and before you sent me there
to do community service,
to do community service,
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在你把我送去做社區服務之前，
14:15
I had never gone to the park
when I wasn't high,
when I wasn't high,
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我不曾在不吸毒時去公園，
14:18
so I never noticed
the children playing there."
the children playing there."
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所以我從來沒有注意到
有孩子在那裡玩。」
有孩子在那裡玩。」
14:22
Every addict in the courtroom
lowered their head.
lowered their head.
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法庭上的每個癮君子都低著頭。
14:25
Who better to teach that lesson?
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誰比他更適合教那一課呢？
14:28
It helps the court reset
its relationship with the community,
its relationship with the community,
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這能協助法庭重建和社區的關係，
14:33
like with the 20-something-year-old guy
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就像一位二十多歲的男子，
14:36
who gets a job interview
through the court program.
through the court program.
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他透過法庭方案得到工作面談，
14:39
He gets a job interview
at an office cleaning company,
at an office cleaning company,
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得以面試一家清潔辦公室的公司。
14:42
and he comes back to court to proudly say,
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他很驕傲地回到法庭，說：
14:44
"Judge, I even worked in my suit
after the interview,
after the interview,
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「法官，在面談之後，
我甚至穿著西裝工作，
我甚至穿著西裝工作，
14:49
because I wanted the guy to see
how bad I wanted the job."
how bad I wanted the job."
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因為我想要讓那個人看到
我有多想要那份工作。」
我有多想要那份工作。」
14:54
It's what happens
when a person in authority
when a person in authority
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那樣的情況發生在
有權的人用尊嚴和尊重對待你之後。
14:58
treats you with dignity and respect,
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15:00
like the 40-something-year-old guy
who struts down the aisle
who struts down the aisle
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就像一位四十多歲的男子
趾高氣揚走過走道，
趾高氣揚走過走道，
15:03
and says, "Judge,
do you notice anything different?"
do you notice anything different?"
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說：「法官，你有
注意到甚麼差異嗎？」
注意到甚麼差異嗎？」
15:06
And when I look up,
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當我抬頭看，
15:07
he's pointing at his new teeth
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他指著他的新牙齒，
15:10
that he was able to get after getting
a referral from the program,
a referral from the program,
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因為那專案的推薦，
讓他得以換新牙齒，
讓他得以換新牙齒，
15:13
but he was able to get them
to replace the old teeth
to replace the old teeth
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他換掉了他的舊牙齒，那些牙齒
15:17
that he lost as a result
of years of heroin addiction.
of years of heroin addiction.
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會壞掉就是多年吸食海洛因造成的。
15:21
When he looks in the mirror,
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當他看向鏡子，
15:22
now he sees somebody who is worth saving.
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他現在看到的，是個值得拯救的人。
15:25
You see, I have a dream
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我有個夢想，
15:27
and that dream is
that judges will use these tools
that judges will use these tools
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那個夢想就是，法官會用這些工具
15:31
to revolutionize
the communities that they serve.
the communities that they serve.
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來徹底改革他們所服務的社區。
15:35
Now, these tools
are not miracle cure-alls,
are not miracle cure-alls,
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這些工具不是神奇的萬靈丹，
15:37
but they get us light-years closer
to where we want to be,
to where we want to be,
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卻讓我們大大地接近期望之地，
15:41
and where we want to be is a place
that people enter our halls of justice
that people enter our halls of justice
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我們的期望是
當人們進入正義大廳時
當人們進入正義大廳時
15:45
and believe they will be treated
with dignity and respect
with dignity and respect
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相信他們會被以尊嚴和尊重對待，
15:48
and know that justice
will be served there.
will be served there.
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知道正義會在那裡得到伸張。
15:52
Imagine that, a simple idea.
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想想那樣的世界，一個簡單的想法。
15:55
Thank you.
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謝謝。
15:56
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Victoria Pratt - ProfessorJudge Victoria Pratt is inspiring a global revolution in criminal justice.
Why you should listen
Judge Victoria Pratt has gained national and international acclaim for her commitment to reforming the criminal justice system. As the Chief Judge in Newark Municipal Court in Newark, New Jersey, a busy urban court, she spent years gaining a deep understanding of how justice could be delivered to court participants in a manner that increased their trust in the legal system. While presiding over Newark Community Solutions, the Community Court Program, she provided alternatives to jail to low-level offenders. These alternatives included community service, individual and group counseling sessions, and her signature assignment of introspective essays. Her respectful approach has had a positive effect on court participant’s court experience -- and how the community viewed the court.
Pratt is now serving as a Professor at Rutgers Law School in Newark, an institution that has always been committed to social justice. Her teaching load includes problem-solving courts and restorative justice. As a graduate of Rutgers Law, she is excited by the opportunity to influence the minds of future lawyers and judges with innovative and humane ways of dealing with court participants. She also continues to champion criminal justice reform through her consulting firm Pratt Lucien Consultants, LLC, by sharing her skills and approach with others.
Pratt’s work has been featured in The Guardian and Rutgers Magazine (both written by Pulitzer-winning author Tina Rosenberg.) As a nationally recognized expert in procedural justice and alternative sentencing, she has been asked by numerous professional organizations and jurisdictions to share her story and philosophy. Judge Pratt has also appeared on MSNBC's "Melissa Harris Perry Show," the Emmy-winning PBS show "Due Process," and National Public Radio's "Conversations with Allan Wolper."
Pratt is licensed to practice law in both New Jersey and New York and is admitted to the US Supreme Court. She also facilitates empowerment sessions to help people live their best lives.
(Photo: Erik James Montgomery)
Victoria Pratt | Speaker | TED.com