TED2019
Ashwin Naidu: The link between fishing cats and mangrove forest conservation
艾仕·奈杜: 渔猫和保护红树林之间的联系
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红树林对地球的健康非常重要，它们可以从大气中吸收二氧化碳，并且给丰富的物种提供了家园。但是这些富饶的栖息地正在受到森林砍伐和工业化的持续威胁。在这场鼓舞人心的演讲中，保护人士和 TED Fellow艾仕·奈杜（Ashwin Naidu）分享了在南亚和东南亚地区群体驱动的努力是如何帮助保护红树林的——一切都来自于神秘且濒危的渔猫的小小帮助。
Ashwin Naidu - Fishing cat conservationist
Ashwin Naidu founded the Fishing Cat Conservancy to empower local people in South and Southeast Asia to help fishing cats and their globally critical mangrove habitat. Full bio
Ashwin Naidu founded the Fishing Cat Conservancy to empower local people in South and Southeast Asia to help fishing cats and their globally critical mangrove habitat. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
(Imitates fishing cat)
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（模仿渔猫）
00:16
That's my impersonation of a fishing cat,
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这是我在模仿渔猫，
00:20
which actually sounds more like this.
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其实听起来更像是这样。
00:24
(Prerecorded fishing cat sounds)
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（预先录制的渔猫叫声）
00:29
It's a cat that loves water,
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这是种喜爱水，
00:32
loves to fish,
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爱捕鱼的猫，
00:34
and lives in some of the most unique
and valuable ecosystems on earth:
and valuable ecosystems on earth:
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并且这种猫还生活在地球上
最独特和最重要的生态系统之中：
最独特和最重要的生态系统之中：
00:39
the wetlands and mangrove forests
of South and Southeast Asia.
of South and Southeast Asia.
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南亚和东南亚的湿地和红树林。
00:43
Aren't they fishing awesome?
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它们捕鱼是不是很酷？
00:45
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:47
Fishing cats are one of about 40
species of wildcats.
species of wildcats.
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渔猫是 40 种野生猫类之一。
00:51
Like tigers and lions, only much smaller.
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就像是狮子和老虎，只是更小一些。
00:54
They're probably around twice the size
of our average domestic cat.
of our average domestic cat.
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它们大概是普通家猫的两倍大小。
00:58
In Indonesia,
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在印度尼西亚，
00:59
people call them "kucing bakau,"
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人们称它们为“ kucing bakau”，
01:01
which literally translates
to "the cat of the mangroves."
to "the cat of the mangroves."
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直译就是“红树林之猫”。
01:05
But I like to call them
the tigers of the mangroves.
the tigers of the mangroves.
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但是我喜欢叫它们红树林之虎。
01:09
Now, we don't know fishing cats
as well as we do tigers,
as well as we do tigers,
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虽然我们对渔猫的了解
不像对老虎那样多，
不像对老虎那样多，
01:13
but what we've learned is that these cats
can be a flagship species
can be a flagship species
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但是我们知道的是这种猫
对一个具有全球重要性的生态系统
对一个具有全球重要性的生态系统
01:17
to a globally important ecosystem,
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来说是个旗舰物种，
01:19
and a visual bait attached
to a strong line for conservation.
to a strong line for conservation.
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并且还是和保护息息相关的视觉诱饵。
01:25
Are you hooked yet?
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你们上钩了吗？
01:26
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:28
Like many endangered species,
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就像许多濒危物种，
01:30
fishing cats are threatened
by habitat loss,
by habitat loss,
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渔猫受到栖息地减少的威胁，
01:33
mainly because of our international demand
for farmed fish and shrimp,
for farmed fish and shrimp,
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这主要是由于我们对于
饲养鱼类和虾类的全球性需求，
饲养鱼类和虾类的全球性需求，
01:37
and the deforestation
of nearly half the historic mangrove cover
of nearly half the historic mangrove cover
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以及覆盖南亚和东南亚
近半数古老红树林的
近半数古老红树林的
01:42
in South and Southeast Asia.
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森林砍伐。
01:44
Mangroves, on the other hand,
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另一方面，红树林
01:46
are much more than just habitat
to the fishing cat.
to the fishing cat.
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远远不止是渔猫的栖息地。
01:49
They are home to a fantastic
array of species,
array of species,
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它们还是一系列神奇生物的家园，
01:52
like jackals,
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像是胡狼、
01:54
turtles,
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海龟、
01:56
shorebirds
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水鸟
01:57
and otters.
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以及水獭。
01:59
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:01
Mangroves also prevent soil erosion,
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红树林还防止了水土流失，
02:03
and they can be the first line of defense
between storm surges, tsunamis
between storm surges, tsunamis
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它们还可以作为风暴、海啸
02:09
and the millions of people
who live next to these forests
who live next to these forests
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以及在周边生活的人们的
02:12
for their day-to-day survival.
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第一道防线。
02:14
The fact that puts
the icing on the cake --
the icing on the cake --
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还有一件事能锦上添花——
02:17
or the earth, I should say --
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或是说在地球上添花——
02:19
is that mangroves can store
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是相较于热带雨林，
02:20
upwards of five to ten times
more carbon dioxide
more carbon dioxide
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红树林可以多储存五倍到十倍的
02:24
than tropical forests.
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二氧化碳。
02:26
So protecting one acre of mangroves
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所以保护一英亩的红树林
02:28
may well be like protecting five
or more acres of tropical forests.
or more acres of tropical forests.
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就相当于保护了超过五英亩的热带雨林。
02:34
Would you like to eliminate
you entire life's carbon footprint?
you entire life's carbon footprint?
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你们想要消除一生的碳足迹吗？
02:38
Well, mangroves can offer you
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那么，红树林可以提供给你
02:41
one of the best bangs
for your conservation buck.
for your conservation buck.
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最超值的保护选择。
02:45
Deforestation, extinction
and climate change
and climate change
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森林砍伐、物种灭绝以及气候变暖
02:48
are all global problems that we can solve
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都是我们可以解决的全球性问题，
02:51
by giving value
to our species and ecosystems
to our species and ecosystems
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只要我们赋予物种和生态系统价值，
02:55
and by working together
with the local people
with the local people
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并且和生活在它们周围的当地居民
02:57
who live next to them.
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紧密合作。
02:59
This is one of three river deltas
in coastal South India
in coastal South India
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这是印度南部海岸的
三个河流三角洲之一，
三个河流三角洲之一，
03:04
where communities came together
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那里的居民正在共同行动，
03:06
to change the face and potentially,
the fate of this planet.
the fate of this planet.
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改变地球的样貌，
可能也会改变地球的命运。
可能也会改变地球的命运。
03:10
In less than a decade,
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有了全球的支持，
03:12
with international support,
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在十年之内，
03:14
the state forest departments
and the local communities
and the local communities
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国家林业部门和当地的群体
03:17
worked together to restore
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一同努力合作，
03:20
over 20,000 acres
of unproductive fish and shrimp farms
of unproductive fish and shrimp farms
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将超过 20000 英亩
贫瘠的鱼虾养殖场
贫瘠的鱼虾养殖场
03:25
back into mangroves.
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重新变成了红树林。
03:28
About five years ago,
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大约五年前，
03:30
guess who we discovered
in these restored mangroves?
in these restored mangroves?
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猜猜我们在这些
被恢复的红树林里发现了什么？
被恢复的红树林里发现了什么？
03:36
When we shared images
of these fishing cats with local people,
of these fishing cats with local people,
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当我们和当地居民分享
这些渔猫的图片时，
这些渔猫的图片时，
03:41
we were able to build pride among them
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我们成功的让他们为
03:43
about a globally revered
endangered species and ecosystem
endangered species and ecosystem
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周围这片受到了全球关注
的濒危物种和生态系统
的濒危物种和生态系统
03:47
in their backyards.
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感到骄傲。
03:49
We were also able to build trust
with some people
with some people
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我们还成功赢得了一些人的信任，
03:52
to help them lead alternative livelihoods.
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帮助他们用另一种方式生活。
03:54
Meet Santosh, a 19-year-old boy
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来见见桑托西，这个 19 岁的男孩
03:57
who not only became
a conservation professional
a conservation professional
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不仅仅在和我们工作了一年多之后
04:00
after working with us
for just over a year
for just over a year
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变成了职业保护人士，
04:02
but also went on to involve
many local fishermen
many local fishermen
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还将许多当地的渔民带入到
04:05
in helping study and protect fishing cats.
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帮助研究和保护渔猫的队伍中来。
04:08
Meet Moshi, a tribal poacher,
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来见见莫西，他曾是部落的盗猎者，
04:11
who not only stopped hunting
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现在不仅仅停止了猎杀，
04:12
and became our most
prized conservationist,
prized conservationist,
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变成了我们最重要的保护人士，
04:15
but also used his traditional knowledge
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而且他还利用了他的传统知识
04:18
to educate his entire community
to stop hunting fishing cats, otters
to stop hunting fishing cats, otters
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来教育他所处的整个群体
停止猎杀生活在他周围的
停止猎杀生活在他周围的
04:23
and the many other threatened species
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渔猫、水獭以及
04:24
that live in the mangroves
in his backyard.
in his backyard.
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许多其他的濒危物种。
04:28
Fish and shrimp farmers, like Venkat,
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像是冯卡特这样的鱼虾养殖户，
04:30
are now willing to work
with us conservationists
with us conservationists
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现在愿意与我们这些
保护人士合作，
保护人士合作，
04:33
to test the sustainable harvest
of ecosystem services like crabs,
of ecosystem services like crabs,
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针对红树林里面
诸如蟹类，甚至是蜂蜜的
诸如蟹类，甚至是蜂蜜的
04:38
and possibly even honey, for mangroves.
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生态系统可持续收获进行检测。
04:41
Incentives that could get them
to protect and plant mangroves
to protect and plant mangroves
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激励可以使得渔民保护和种植
04:45
where they have been lost.
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已经消逝的红树林。
04:47
A win-win-win
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这是个三方的共赢，
04:49
for fishing cats, local people
and the global community.
and the global community.
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即渔猫、当地居民以及全世界。
04:55
These stories show us
that we can all be part of a future
that we can all be part of a future
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这些故事告诉我们，人人都可以
为这样的未来贡献一份力量，
为这样的未来贡献一份力量，
04:58
where fishing cats
and the lost mangrove forests
and the lost mangrove forests
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到那时，渔猫和消逝的红树林
05:02
are protected and restored
by fishermen themselves,
by fishermen themselves,
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都会被渔民自己保护和恢复，
05:06
creating carbon sinks
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创建出碳汇，
05:08
that can help offset
our ecological footprints.
our ecological footprints.
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帮助消减我们的生态足印。
05:12
So while the fishing cat may be small,
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所以尽管渔猫可能很小，
05:14
I hope that we've been able
to help make it a big deal.
to help make it a big deal.
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但我希望我们可以
将保护渔猫重视起来。
将保护渔猫重视起来。
05:19
One that we can all invest in
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我们所有人都可以投入其中，
05:20
to help sustain our lives
on earth a little longer.
on earth a little longer.
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来帮助我们在地球上继续繁衍生息。
05:25
Or as our friend here would say ...
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或者就像我们这里的朋友会说……
05:29
(Prerecorded fishing cat sounds)
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（预先录制的渔猫叫声）
05:32
Thank you.
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谢谢。
05:33
(Applause)
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（掌声）
Translated by Lipeng Chen
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ashwin Naidu - Fishing cat conservationistAshwin Naidu founded the Fishing Cat Conservancy to empower local people in South and Southeast Asia to help fishing cats and their globally critical mangrove habitat.
Why you should listen
Mangroves protect coastal communities from tsunamis, sequester carbon and are an essential source of fish. They're also extremely vulnerable to deforestation, primarily from fish and shrimp farming. Ashwin Naidu's Fishing Cat Conservancy offers local people conservation jobs and alternative livelihoods, such as monitoring fishing cats and reforesting mangroves in their own lands, and encourages global communities to offset their carbon footprints by helping restore this crucial ecosystem.
Ashwin Naidu | Speaker | TED.com