TED2019
Ashwin Naidu: The link between fishing cats and mangrove forest conservation
艾斯溫‧奈杜: 漁貓和紅樹林保育的關係
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紅樹林對於地球的健康很重要，它能大幅度減少大氣中的二氧化碳，也是多樣化物種的家園。但這些豐富的棲息地不斷面臨森林砍伐和產業的威脅。在這場演說中，身為保育人士的 TED 研究會員艾斯溫‧奈杜分享了南亞和東南亞地區如何以社區導向的合作方式保育了紅樹林，而神秘且瀕臨絕種的漁貓也功不可沒。
Ashwin Naidu - Fishing cat conservationist
Ashwin Naidu founded the Fishing Cat Conservancy to empower local people in South and Southeast Asia to help fishing cats and their globally critical mangrove habitat. Full bio
Ashwin Naidu founded the Fishing Cat Conservancy to empower local people in South and Southeast Asia to help fishing cats and their globally critical mangrove habitat. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
(Imitates fishing cat)
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（模仿漁貓）
00:16
That's my impersonation of a fishing cat,
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剛才我是在模仿漁貓，
00:20
which actually sounds more like this.
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牠的叫聲其實是這樣。
00:24
(Prerecorded fishing cat sounds)
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（預錄的漁貓叫聲）
00:29
It's a cat that loves water,
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這種貓很愛水，
00:32
loves to fish,
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很愛抓魚，
00:34
and lives in some of the most unique
and valuable ecosystems on earth:
and valuable ecosystems on earth:
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居住在地球上一些最獨特
且珍貴的生態系統中：
且珍貴的生態系統中：
00:39
the wetlands and mangrove forests
of South and Southeast Asia.
of South and Southeast Asia.
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南亞和東南亞的濕地和紅樹林。
00:43
Aren't they fishing awesome?
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牠們是釣魚高手，對吧？
00:45
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:47
Fishing cats are one of about 40
species of wildcats.
species of wildcats.
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野貓的品種大約有四十種，
漁貓是其中之一。
漁貓是其中之一。
00:51
Like tigers and lions, only much smaller.
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類似老虎及獅子，只是小很多。
00:54
They're probably around twice the size
of our average domestic cat.
of our average domestic cat.
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體型上，漁貓比我們
一般的家貓大兩倍。
一般的家貓大兩倍。
00:58
In Indonesia,
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在印尼，
00:59
people call them "kucing bakau,"
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牠們被稱為「kucing bakau」，
01:01
which literally translates
to "the cat of the mangroves."
to "the cat of the mangroves."
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字面上的意思是「紅樹林之貓」。
01:05
But I like to call them
the tigers of the mangroves.
the tigers of the mangroves.
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但我喜歡稱牠們為紅樹林之虎。
01:09
Now, we don't know fishing cats
as well as we do tigers,
as well as we do tigers,
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我們對漁貓的了解沒有比老虎多，
01:13
but what we've learned is that these cats
can be a flagship species
can be a flagship species
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但我們知道，對全球重要的
生態系統來說，
生態系統來說，
01:17
to a globally important ecosystem,
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漁貓可能是旗艦級的物種，
01:19
and a visual bait attached
to a strong line for conservation.
to a strong line for conservation.
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且是保育這條堅固釣線下的視覺誘餌。
01:25
Are you hooked yet?
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你們上勾了嗎？
01:26
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:28
Like many endangered species,
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和許多瀕危物種一樣，
01:30
fishing cats are threatened
by habitat loss,
by habitat loss,
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漁貓正遭受棲息地減少的威脅，
01:33
mainly because of our international demand
for farmed fish and shrimp,
for farmed fish and shrimp,
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主因是國際間對養殖魚蝦的需求，
01:37
and the deforestation
of nearly half the historic mangrove cover
of nearly half the historic mangrove cover
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以及南亞和東南亞有近一半
具歷史性的紅樹林植被都被砍伐掉了。
01:42
in South and Southeast Asia.
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01:44
Mangroves, on the other hand,
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另一方面，紅樹林
01:46
are much more than just habitat
to the fishing cat.
to the fishing cat.
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不只是漁貓的棲息地而已。
01:49
They are home to a fantastic
array of species,
array of species,
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紅樹林是許多美妙物種的家，
01:52
like jackals,
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比如豺狼、
01:54
turtles,
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烏龜、
01:56
shorebirds
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水鳥，
01:57
and otters.
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和水獺。
01:59
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
02:01
Mangroves also prevent soil erosion,
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紅樹林能預防土壤侵蝕，
02:03
and they can be the first line of defense
between storm surges, tsunamis
between storm surges, tsunamis
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同時也是抵禦風暴湧浪
和海嘯的第一道防線，
和海嘯的第一道防線，
02:09
and the millions of people
who live next to these forests
who live next to these forests
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保障住在這些森林旁的數百萬居民
02:12
for their day-to-day survival.
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能安全地過日常生活。
02:14
The fact that puts
the icing on the cake --
the icing on the cake --
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還有一件事能夠錦上添花——
02:17
or the earth, I should say --
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或應該說，在地球上添花——
02:19
is that mangroves can store
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那就是紅樹林能儲存的二氧化碳量，
02:20
upwards of five to ten times
more carbon dioxide
more carbon dioxide
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是熱帶森林的五到十倍。
02:24
than tropical forests.
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02:26
So protecting one acre of mangroves
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所以，保護一英畝的紅樹林，
02:28
may well be like protecting five
or more acres of tropical forests.
or more acres of tropical forests.
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就等同保護至少五英畝的熱帶森林。
02:34
Would you like to eliminate
you entire life's carbon footprint?
you entire life's carbon footprint?
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你想要消除一生所留下的碳足跡嗎？
02:38
Well, mangroves can offer you
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紅樹林能讓你在保育上
02:41
one of the best bangs
for your conservation buck.
for your conservation buck.
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有最物超所值的效果。
02:45
Deforestation, extinction
and climate change
and climate change
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森林砍伐、物種滅絕、氣候變遷
02:48
are all global problems that we can solve
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都是我們能解決的全球性問題，
02:51
by giving value
to our species and ecosystems
to our species and ecosystems
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只要我們重視物種和生態系統的保護，
02:55
and by working together
with the local people
with the local people
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並與住在周圍的當地人合作。
02:57
who live next to them.
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02:59
This is one of three river deltas
in coastal South India
in coastal South India
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這是南印度沿海地區的
三個三角洲之一，
三個三角洲之一，
03:04
where communities came together
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在那裡社區能同心協力
03:06
to change the face and potentially,
the fate of this planet.
the fate of this planet.
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改變地球的面貌，
甚至有可能改變地球的命運。
甚至有可能改變地球的命運。
03:10
In less than a decade,
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在國際支持之下，不到十年，
03:12
with international support,
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03:14
the state forest departments
and the local communities
and the local communities
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國家森林部門以及當地社區
就合作協力將超過兩萬英畝
03:17
worked together to restore
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03:20
over 20,000 acres
of unproductive fish and shrimp farms
of unproductive fish and shrimp farms
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沒有生產力的魚蝦養殖場
03:25
back into mangroves.
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復育回紅樹林。
03:28
About five years ago,
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大約五年前，
03:30
guess who we discovered
in these restored mangroves?
in these restored mangroves?
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猜猜我們在這些重新復育的
紅樹林中發現了誰？
紅樹林中發現了誰？
03:36
When we shared images
of these fishing cats with local people,
of these fishing cats with local people,
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當我們跟當地人分享
這些漁貓的影像時，
這些漁貓的影像時，
03:41
we were able to build pride among them
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我們讓他們感到驕傲，
03:43
about a globally revered
endangered species and ecosystem
endangered species and ecosystem
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因為全球知名的瀕危物種和生態系統
03:47
in their backyards.
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就在他們家後院。
03:49
We were also able to build trust
with some people
with some people
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我們也取得了一些人的信任，
03:52
to help them lead alternative livelihoods.
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協助他們改用另一種方式生活。
03:54
Meet Santosh, a 19-year-old boy
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這是桑托西，十九歲的男孩，
03:57
who not only became
a conservation professional
a conservation professional
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他與我們合作了一年多之後
04:00
after working with us
for just over a year
for just over a year
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不僅變成了保育專業人士，
04:02
but also went on to involve
many local fishermen
many local fishermen
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還繼續接觸許多當地的漁民，
04:05
in helping study and protect fishing cats.
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協助研究和保護漁貓。
04:08
Meet Moshi, a tribal poacher,
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這是摩須，部落的盜獵者，
04:11
who not only stopped hunting
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他不僅停止打獵，
04:12
and became our most
prized conservationist,
prized conservationist,
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也變成我們最重要的保育人士，
04:15
but also used his traditional knowledge
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還使用他的傳統知識
04:18
to educate his entire community
to stop hunting fishing cats, otters
to stop hunting fishing cats, otters
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來教育他的整個社區
停止獵殺漁貓、水獺，
停止獵殺漁貓、水獺，
04:23
and the many other threatened species
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及住在他家後院紅樹林裡的
04:24
that live in the mangroves
in his backyard.
in his backyard.
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許多其他被威脅的物種。
04:28
Fish and shrimp farmers, like Venkat,
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魚蝦養殖業者，像芬凱，
04:30
are now willing to work
with us conservationists
with us conservationists
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現在願意和我們這些保育人士合作，
04:33
to test the sustainable harvest
of ecosystem services like crabs,
of ecosystem services like crabs,
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測試從紅樹林生態系統服務中
獲得的永續收成，
獲得的永續收成，
如螃蟹、甚至蜂蜜。
04:38
and possibly even honey, for mangroves.
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04:41
Incentives that could get them
to protect and plant mangroves
to protect and plant mangroves
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也有獎勵措施，
可鼓勵他們去保護或復育
可鼓勵他們去保護或復育
之前受破壞或消失的紅樹林。
04:45
where they have been lost.
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04:47
A win-win-win
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這是三贏局面，
04:49
for fishing cats, local people
and the global community.
and the global community.
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漁貓、當地人、全世界都受惠。
04:55
These stories show us
that we can all be part of a future
that we can all be part of a future
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這些故事證明了
我們都可以為未來盡一份心力，
我們都可以為未來盡一份心力，
04:58
where fishing cats
and the lost mangrove forests
and the lost mangrove forests
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讓漁民自己去保護和復育
05:02
are protected and restored
by fishermen themselves,
by fishermen themselves,
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漁貓與消失的紅樹林。
05:06
creating carbon sinks
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創造出碳匯，
05:08
that can help offset
our ecological footprints.
our ecological footprints.
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來消除我們的生態足跡。
05:12
So while the fishing cat may be small,
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雖然漁貓很小，
05:14
I hope that we've been able
to help make it a big deal.
to help make it a big deal.
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我希望我們能喚起大家對它的重視。
05:19
One that we can all invest in
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我們所有人都能貢獻心力，
05:20
to help sustain our lives
on earth a little longer.
on earth a little longer.
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幫助地球上的物種都能活得更長久。
05:25
Or as our friend here would say ...
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或者，就像我們的朋友所說的……
05:29
(Prerecorded fishing cat sounds)
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（預錄的漁貓叫聲）
05:32
Thank you.
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謝謝。
05:33
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ashwin Naidu - Fishing cat conservationistAshwin Naidu founded the Fishing Cat Conservancy to empower local people in South and Southeast Asia to help fishing cats and their globally critical mangrove habitat.
Why you should listen
Mangroves protect coastal communities from tsunamis, sequester carbon and are an essential source of fish. They're also extremely vulnerable to deforestation, primarily from fish and shrimp farming. Ashwin Naidu's Fishing Cat Conservancy offers local people conservation jobs and alternative livelihoods, such as monitoring fishing cats and reforesting mangroves in their own lands, and encourages global communities to offset their carbon footprints by helping restore this crucial ecosystem.
Ashwin Naidu | Speaker | TED.com