TED2019
Moreangels Mbizah: How community-led conservation can save wildlife
莫安吉·比塞: 当地群体领导的保护如何拯救野生动物
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保护人士和 TED 成员莫安吉·比萨研究了明星狮子塞西尔，直到它在 2015 年被一名战利品狩猎者射杀。她想知道事情会变得怎样不一样，问道：“要是生活在塞西尔周边的群体加入到保护它的行动中会怎样？”在这场简短的演讲中，比塞分享了她家乡津巴布韦的保护状况——以及为什么她认为和野生动物共居的当地群体处在保护它们的最佳位置。
Moreangels Mbizah - Lion conservationist
Moreangels Mbizah is the founder of Wildlife Conservation Action, an organization dedicated to conserving biodiversity, promoting human-wildlife coexistence and empowering local communities. Full bio
Moreangels Mbizah is the founder of Wildlife Conservation Action, an organization dedicated to conserving biodiversity, promoting human-wildlife coexistence and empowering local communities. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I'm a lion conservationist.
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我是名狮子保护人士。
00:15
Sounds cool, doesn't it?
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听起来很酷，不是吗？
00:17
Some people may have no idea
what that means.
what that means.
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有些人对狮子保护人士完全没概念。
00:20
But I'm sure you've all heard
about Cecil the lion.
about Cecil the lion.
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但是我相信你们都听说过
一头名叫塞西尔的狮子。
一头名叫塞西尔的狮子。
00:23
[Cecil the Lion (2002-2015)]
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【狮子塞西尔（2012 - 2015）】
00:25
(Lion roaring)
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（狮子吼叫）
00:31
He roars no more.
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然而，他不会再吼叫了。
00:34
On the second of July, 2015,
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在 2015 年 7 月 2号，
00:36
his life was cut short
when he was killed by a trophy hunter.
when he was killed by a trophy hunter.
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他的生命在被战利品狩猎者
射杀时戛然终止。
射杀时戛然终止。
00:41
They say that you can become attached
to the animals you study.
to the animals you study.
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人们说你会对你研究
的动物产生感情。
的动物产生感情。
00:44
That was the case for me
with Cecil the lion,
with Cecil the lion,
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我对狮子塞西尔就是这样，
00:47
having known him and studied him
for three years
for three years
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在万基国家公园，我了解并研究它
00:49
in Hwange National Park.
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长达三年。
00:52
I was heartbroken at his death.
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我对它的死悲痛万分。
00:56
But the good thing
to come out of this tragedy
to come out of this tragedy
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但是好的一面是这场悲剧
00:58
is the attention that the story brought
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给许多身陷囹圄的濒危动物
01:00
towards the plight
of threatened wild animals.
of threatened wild animals.
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带去了关注。
01:04
After Cecil's death,
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在塞西尔死后，
01:06
I began to ask myself these questions:
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我开始询问自己这些问题：
01:09
What if the community
that lived next to Cecil the lion
that lived next to Cecil the lion
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如果居住在狮子塞西尔周边的居民
01:13
was involved in protecting him?
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参与到保护它的行动中去会怎么样？
01:15
What if I had met Cecil
when I was 10 years old, instead of 29?
when I was 10 years old, instead of 29?
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如果我在 10 岁而不是 29 岁
遇到了塞西尔会怎么样？
遇到了塞西尔会怎么样？
01:21
Could I or my classmates
have changed his fate?
have changed his fate?
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我或是我的同学会改变它的命运吗？
01:25
Many people are working
to stop lions from disappearing,
to stop lions from disappearing,
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许多人都致力于阻止狮子的消失，
01:28
but very few of these people
are native to these countries
are native to these countries
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但是很少有人来自当地国家，
01:32
or from the communities most affected.
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或是来自最受影响的群体。
01:35
But the communities
that live with the lions
that live with the lions
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但是和狮子共居的群体
01:38
are the ones best positioned
to help lions the most.
to help lions the most.
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处于保护狮子的最佳位置。
01:42
Local people should be at the forefront
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当地居民应当站在
01:44
of the solutions to the challenges
facing their wildlife.
facing their wildlife.
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解决野生动物面临的挑战的前线。
01:48
Sometimes, change can only come
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有时，只有当最受影响的
01:50
when the people most affected
and impacted take charge.
and impacted take charge.
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人们负起责任，变革才会发生。
01:54
Local communities play an important role
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当地团体要在抵抗盗猎
和非法野生交易上
和非法野生交易上
01:56
in fighting poaching
and illegal wildlife trade,
and illegal wildlife trade,
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扮演重要角色，
01:59
which are major threats
affecting lions and other wildlife.
affecting lions and other wildlife.
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这是对狮群和其他野生动物
的最主要威胁。
的最主要威胁。
02:04
Being a black African woman
in the sciences,
in the sciences,
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身为一名黑人女性科学家，
02:07
the people I meet
are always curious to know
are always curious to know
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我遇到的人们总是好奇知道
02:09
if I've always wanted
to be a conservationist,
to be a conservationist,
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我是不是一直都想成为保护人士，
02:12
because they don't meet
a lot of conservationists
a lot of conservationists
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因为他们没有遇到过很多像我一样的
02:14
who look like me.
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保护人士。
02:16
When I was growing up,
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当我年少时，
02:17
I didn't even know that wildlife
conservation was a career.
conservation was a career.
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我甚至不知道野生动物保护者
可以是个职业。
可以是个职业。
02:20
The first time I saw a wild animal
in my home country
in my home country
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我第一次在我的家乡见到野生动物
02:24
was when I was 25 years old,
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是我 25 岁的时候，
02:26
even though lions and African wild dogs
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尽管狮子和非洲野狗
02:29
lived just a few miles away from my home.
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就生活在离我家几英里的地方。
02:32
This is quite common in Zimbabwe,
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这在津巴布韦很常见，
02:35
as many people
are not exposed to wildlife,
are not exposed to wildlife,
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许多人都没有接触过野生动物，
02:37
even though it's part of our heritage.
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尽管这是我们的文化遗产。
02:40
When I was growing up,
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当我年少时，
02:42
I didn't even know
that lions lived in my backyard.
that lions lived in my backyard.
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我甚至不知道狮子
就生活在我家后院。
就生活在我家后院。
02:46
When I stepped into
Savé Valley Conservancy
Savé Valley Conservancy
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当我在 10 年前一个寒冷的冬天早晨
02:48
on a cold winter morning 10 years ago
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踏入萨菲谷保护区
02:51
to study African wild dogs
for my master's research project,
for my master's research project,
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去为我的硕士科研项目
研究非洲野狗时，
研究非洲野狗时，
02:56
I was mesmerized by the beauty
and the tranquility that surrounded me.
and the tranquility that surrounded me.
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我为围绕着我的美丽和宁静所着迷。
03:00
I felt like I had found my passion
and my purpose in life.
and my purpose in life.
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我感觉我找到了人生
的热情和目的所在。
的热情和目的所在。
03:04
I made a commitment that day
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在那天我做了一个承诺，
03:06
that I was going to dedicate my life
to protecting animals.
to protecting animals.
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我要为保护动物奉献我的一生。
03:09
I think of my childhood
school days in Zimbabwe
school days in Zimbabwe
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我想起我在津巴布韦
的小学时代，
的小学时代，
03:12
and the other kids I was in school with.
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还有和我一起上学的其他孩子。
03:15
Perhaps if we had a chance
to interact with wildlife,
to interact with wildlife,
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如果我们有机会接触野生动物，
03:19
more of my classmates
would be working alongside me now.
would be working alongside me now.
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更多我的同学现在就会和我并肩工作。
03:23
Unless the local communities
want to protect and coexist with wildlife,
want to protect and coexist with wildlife,
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除非当地居民想要保护
并和野生动物共存，
并和野生动物共存，
03:28
all conservation efforts might be in vain.
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否则所有的保护努力都会付之东流。
03:31
These are the communities
that live with the wild animals
that live with the wild animals
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这些居民和野生动物生活在
03:34
in the same ecosystem
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同一个生态系统中，
03:36
and bear the cost of doing so.
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需要承担相应的责任。
03:39
If they don't have a direct connection
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如果他们没有和动物有直接的联系，
03:41
or benefit from the animals,
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或是从动物身上获益，
03:43
they have no reason
to want to protect them.
to want to protect them.
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他们就没有理由去保护动物。
03:46
And if local communities
don't protect their wildlife,
don't protect their wildlife,
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如果当地居民都不保护
他们的野生动物，
他们的野生动物，
03:49
no amount of outside
intervention will work.
intervention will work.
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任何外界的干预都不会有效。
03:53
So what needs to be done?
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所以需要做些什么呢？
03:56
Conservationists must prioritize
environmental education
environmental education
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保护人士必须将环境教育摆在首位，
04:00
and help expand the community's skills
to conserve their wildlife.
to conserve their wildlife.
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并帮助民众发展
保护野生动物的技能。
保护野生动物的技能。
04:04
Schoolchildren and communities
must be taken to national parks,
must be taken to national parks,
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学校学生和居民必须
被带到国家公园里，
被带到国家公园里，
04:08
so they get a chance
to connect with the wildlife.
to connect with the wildlife.
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这样他们才有机会
和野生动物建立联系。
和野生动物建立联系。
04:11
At every effort and every level,
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在各种努力和各个层级上，
04:14
conservation must include
the economies of the people
the economies of the people
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保护措施必须把那些
和野生动物共享家园的人们的
和野生动物共享家园的人们的
04:17
who share the land with the wild animals.
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经济体纳入进来。
04:20
It is also critical
that local conservationists
that local conservationists
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同样重要的是，
如果我们想要建立信任，
如果我们想要建立信任，
04:24
be part of every conservation effort,
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并且真正将保护行动
融入当地群体之中，
融入当地群体之中，
04:27
if we are to build trust and really embed
conservation into communities.
conservation into communities.
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就要让当地的保护人士
成为各种保护行动的一部分，
成为各种保护行动的一部分，
04:31
As local conservationists,
we face many hurdles,
we face many hurdles,
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作为当地保护人士，
我们面临着许多障碍，
我们面临着许多障碍，
04:35
from outright discrimination
to barriers because of cultural norms.
to barriers because of cultural norms.
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从赤裸裸的歧视
到文化规范造成的障碍。
到文化规范造成的障碍。
04:40
But I will not give up my efforts
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但是我不会放弃
04:42
to bring indigenous
communities to this fight
communities to this fight
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让当地居民融入到
04:45
for the survival of our planet.
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为地球生存而战的努力。
04:47
I'm asking you to come
and stand together with me.
and stand together with me.
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我呼吁你们和我并肩作战。
04:50
We must actively dismantle
the hurdles we have created,
the hurdles we have created,
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我们必须积极消除
人类制造的阻碍，
人类制造的阻碍，
04:54
which are leaving indigenous populations
out of conservation efforts.
out of conservation efforts.
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这些阻碍将本地人群排除
在保护行动之外。
在保护行动之外。
04:58
I've dedicated my life
to protecting lions.
to protecting lions.
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我将我的生命奉献给了保护狮子。
05:01
And I know my neighbor would, too,
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我知道，如果我的邻居
05:03
if only they knew the animals
that lived next door to them.
that lived next door to them.
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了解和他们共居的动物，
他们也会这么做。
他们也会这么做。
05:08
Thank you.
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谢谢。
05:10
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moreangels Mbizah - Lion conservationistMoreangels Mbizah is the founder of Wildlife Conservation Action, an organization dedicated to conserving biodiversity, promoting human-wildlife coexistence and empowering local communities.
Why you should listen
Besides identifying and addressing the threats to lions, other large carnivores and their habitat in Zimbabwe, Moreangels Mbizah also works to promote coexistence between wildlife and the communities that reside alongside wildlife habitats. Mbizah has dedicated her life to seeking ways to jointly address conservation and livelihoods issues to benefit both wildlife and the local communities who are living in abject poverty.
Moreangels Mbizah | Speaker | TED.com