TED Salon: Border Stories
Juan Enriquez: A personal plea for humanity at the US-Mexico border
胡安·恩里克斯: 美墨边境，一个对人性的个人请愿
Filmed:
Readability: 3.2
1,394,621 views
在这场有感染力且个人的演说中，作家与学者胡安·恩里克斯通过分享在美墨边境移民危机中的故事，将这种经常性的抽象辩论带回现实。同时展示了在日常生活中，你每天能做些什么力所能及的事，为这些移民创造归属感。他说：“这无关乎孩子和国界”，但 “这关乎我们。在一个国家和无数个人的层面上，这关乎我们是谁，关乎于我们人民是谁”。
Juan Enriquez - Futurist
Juan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society. Full bio
Juan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:14
This one's personal.
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这是一个非常个人的演讲。
00:17
I know what it's like
to have the government say,
to have the government say,
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我知道这是一个什么感受，
当政府告诉你：
“我们明早就要把你杀了。”
“我们明早就要把你杀了。”
00:20
"We're going to kill you in the morning."
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00:24
I know what it's like
to leave a country on six hours' notice
to leave a country on six hours' notice
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我知道当接到通知，
被要求在6小时内离开国家，
00:27
and land on someone's couch.
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以及睡在别人家沙发上
是什么感觉。
是什么感觉。
00:29
Because of that, I wrote a book
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因为这些经历，我写了本书，
00:31
on why countries do well
and why they don't.
and why they don't.
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关于为什么有些国家治理得好，
而有些国家不，
而有些国家不，
00:35
Let me summarize 250 pages.
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让我总结一下这250页。
国家需要有怜悯之心，
00:37
Countries have to be compassionate,
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00:39
they have to be kind,
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他们应当善良，
他们应当聪慧，
00:40
they have to be smart,
they have to be brave.
they have to be brave.
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他们应当勇敢。
00:43
Want to know what doesn't work?
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想要知道什么行不通？
00:45
When you govern through fear
and you govern through cruelty,
and you govern through cruelty,
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当国家利用恐惧、
使用残暴来统治，
使用残暴来统治，
00:48
it just doesn't work.
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这就是行不通的。
你可以充当一会儿成吉思汗，
00:50
You can play Genghis Khan for a while,
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你可以假装一会儿斯大林，
00:51
you can play Stalin for a while,
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你可以扮演一会儿皮诺切特，
00:53
you can play Pinochet for a while.
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00:55
It does not work in the long run.
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但这都不能长久。
00:58
And it doesn't work in the long run
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这不是长久之计，
是因为为使用恐惧和暴力来统治，
01:00
because to govern
through fear and cruelty,
through fear and cruelty,
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01:03
you have to create a division.
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你需要建立一条“鸿沟”，
01:05
You have to take big chunks
of the country and convince them
of the country and convince them
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你需要占领大块国家土地，
并且说服他们：
并且说服他们：
01:08
that they're not like them.
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你们和他们不一样。
01:11
That they shouldn't associate with them,
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你们不应该和他们往来，
你们不应该和他们说话，
01:13
they shouldn't talk to them.
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他们是令人厌恶的下等人，
01:15
That those people are nasty,
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他们是罪犯，
他们是强暴者。
他们是强暴者。
01:16
those people are criminals,
those people are rapists.
those people are rapists.
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01:20
And the country is in danger
because of them.
because of them.
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因为他们，
国家正处于危难。
国家正处于危难。
01:24
And if you spend millions of dollars
doing that in your country,
doing that in your country,
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如果你花费千万人民币做这事，
01:28
you will make enemies abroad,
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你会在国外树敌，
01:32
and you will create divisions within.
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你也会在国内建立无数分歧。
01:35
And that has consequences.
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这是有后果的。
01:37
Three quarters of the flags
and the borders and the anthems
and the borders and the anthems
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今天的联合国中，
有3/4的国旗、国界和国歌
01:40
around the United Nations today,
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在几十年前，是没有的。
01:41
they were not there a few decades ago.
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01:45
Those lines that are there today,
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如今，那些国界线的存在，
那些旗帜的出现，
01:47
those flags were created
because somebody said,
because somebody said,
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是因为有人说：
01:49
"the Scotts are not like us,"
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“苏格兰人不是我们”，
01:51
"the Welsh are not like us,"
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“威尔士人不属于我们”，
01:52
"the Basques are not like us,"
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“巴斯克人和我们不一样”，
01:54
"the northern Italians are not like us,"
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“北意大利人有别于我们”，
“穆斯林和我们没有关系”，
01:56
"the Muslims are not like us,"
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01:57
the blacks, the whites, the Christians.
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黑人、白人，基督徒。
02:01
You create "us versus them" ...
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你建立起“我们 vs. 他们”这一概念
02:04
you destroy nations.
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便可摧毁国家。
02:07
Part of the problem
from creating us versus them
from creating us versus them
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建立“我们 vs. 他们”
有部分问题
有部分问题
02:09
is it's hard to do.
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很难做到。
02:12
What you have to do
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你要做的
02:13
is you have to make people
believe absurdities.
believe absurdities.
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是让大家相信荒诞谬论，
02:17
And once people believe absurdities,
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一旦大家开始相信荒诞谬论，
02:19
then they start to commit atrocities.
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他们开始实施暴行，
02:22
That's the dynamic of this thing.
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这就是这件事的动力因素。
02:23
You can't create "us versus them" --
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你不能建立“我们 vs. 他们”，
02:26
you can't have the massacres
you had in Rwanda,
you had in Rwanda,
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卢旺达不会发生大屠杀，
02:28
you can't have the massacres
you had in Yugoslavia --
you had in Yugoslavia --
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南斯拉夫也不会进行杀戮，
02:31
unless if you create this dynamic.
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除非，你建立这个动力因素。
02:34
Let me summarize
current immigration policy.
current immigration policy.
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让我总结一下当前的移民政策。
02:36
Let's deter "Them"
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我们一起威慑“他们”吧！
02:38
by being as cruel as we can possibly be,
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只要我们变得尽可能残忍，
02:41
and let's target their children.
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并且针对他们的孩子，
02:45
They are going after the children.
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在针对他们的孩子啊！
02:49
You have US lawyers arguing
that kids do not need
that kids do not need
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你有美国律师在辩论：
孩子们不需要肥皂、拥抱或淋浴，
02:52
soap or hugs or showers,
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大人的帮助或出狱日期。
02:54
adult help or a release date.
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02:57
Somebody gets pulled over
for a broken tail light,
for a broken tail light,
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有在这里工作了20年的人
因为尾灯坏了，
在路边被警察叫停，
在路边被警察叫停，
02:59
who's worked here for 20 years,
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最终被送进监狱，
03:02
gets thrown into jail,
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03:04
maybe for life,
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没有法律代表，
03:05
with no legal representation.
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可能意味着终身监禁。
03:07
The terrorists that blew up
the World Trade Center get lawyers.
the World Trade Center get lawyers.
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炸毁世贸中心的
恐怖分子请了律师，
恐怖分子请了律师，
03:11
These kids, these parents,
they don't get lawyers.
they don't get lawyers.
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但那些孩子和父母没有。
03:15
Governments are telling
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政府对
03:17
some of the most desperate,
hurt people on earth,
hurt people on earth,
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世上一些最绝望的
最受伤害的人说
最受伤害的人说
03:19
"I took your child, pay me 800 dollars
for a DNA test before you get it back."
for a DNA test before you get it back."
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“我劫持了你的孩子，
给我八百美金做亲子鉴定，
给我八百美金做亲子鉴定，
我再把孩子还你”。
03:24
Three-year-olds are appearing in court.
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三岁的孩子出现在法庭上。
03:27
Look, we've all watched these
courtroom dramas.
courtroom dramas.
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我们都看过法庭剧，
03:31
And it's exciting,
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非常刺激，
03:32
because the wise judge sits up there,
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因为明察善断的法官正襟危坐，
03:35
and the defense lawyer attacks
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被告律师辩护，
03:37
and the prosecutor counterattacks,
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检察官反击，
03:39
and then you figure out
how it's going to happen.
how it's going to happen.
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于是你能猜测到接下来的剧情。
03:42
I want you to understand
what is happening right now.
what is happening right now.
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我想让你理解现在正在发生的事，
03:47
Prosecutor's there --
it's the tough prosecutor.
it's the tough prosecutor.
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那里的检察官，
是铁石心肠的检察官
03:52
Accusing, attacking,
on behalf of we the people.
on behalf of we the people.
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代表我们人民，进行指控、辩论。
03:57
The judge is up there, Judge Muckety-muck,
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高高在上的法官，官高爵显，
03:59
with his black robes,
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身着黑色长袍，
04:02
and he's questioning the defendant
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质问着被告人，
04:04
from up there.
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在高台上。
04:07
And the defendant is three years old
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被告人，三岁，
04:09
and the eyes don't reach
the side of the table.
the side of the table.
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眼睛还不及桌面高度，
04:14
The defendant does not speak the language.
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不会说英语。
04:17
The earphones for the translator
have fallen off the defendant's head,
have fallen off the defendant's head,
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被告人戴的翻译耳机掉了下来，
04:22
because there are no headphones
for three-year-olds in US courtrooms,
for three-year-olds in US courtrooms,
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因为在美国的法庭上
没有给三岁小孩的耳机，
04:28
because they are not supposed
to defend themselves.
to defend themselves.
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因为他们根本还不该为自己辩护！
04:33
This makes a mockery of justice,
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这是对司法审判的嘲弄，
04:34
it makes a mockery
of the prosecution system,
of the prosecution system,
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这是对公诉制度的嘲笑，
04:37
it makes a mockery
of who we are as a nation.
of who we are as a nation.
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这是对我们作为一个国家的嘲讽。
04:40
These are absurdities.
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这些荒诞谬论，
04:42
These are atrocities.
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这些暴行，
04:43
This is unbelievable.
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是令人难以置信的。
我们看着大量统计数据，
04:45
And we're looking
at a bunch of statistics,
at a bunch of statistics,
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但我想要你明白，
04:47
but I want you to understand,
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04:49
this is happening to the housekeeper
who brought up your kids.
who brought up your kids.
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这正发生在
抚养你孩子的管家身上，
抚养你孩子的管家身上，
04:55
This is happening to the gardener
who took care of your house.
who took care of your house.
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帮你打理房子的园丁，
05:00
This is happening to the guy
who washed the dishes
who washed the dishes
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你上周去的
高级餐厅里的洗碗工
高级餐厅里的洗碗工
05:02
in the fancy restaurant
you went to last week.
you went to last week.
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05:07
This is happening to the people
who deliver the newspaper in the mornings.
who deliver the newspaper in the mornings.
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今早给你送报纸的人身上。
05:10
This is your community,
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这是你的社区，
05:12
these are the people who have lived
side by side with you.
side by side with you.
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这些是与你一起生活的人。
05:17
Treated you well,
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他们对你很好，
05:18
treated you with respect,
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他们尊重你，
05:19
taken care of your kids,
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照顾你的孩子，
05:21
taken care of your grandparents.
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照顾你的祖父母，
05:22
This is Luis, this is Laura,
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这是路易斯，这是劳拉，
05:25
this is Jaime.
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这是杰米。
05:26
This isn't some abstract,
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这不是什么抽象的个别情况，
05:28
"Oh, it's happening at the border" --
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“哦，这发生在国界线那”——
05:30
this is happening
in our community, right now.
in our community, right now.
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这正发生在你的社区，
就是现在！
就是现在！
05:35
And the danger in this stuff
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这其中的危险是，
05:37
is once you start normalizing
absurdities and atrocities,
absurdities and atrocities,
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你一旦常规化这些谬论和暴行，
05:40
people think that
those instruments are legitimate.
those instruments are legitimate.
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人们便会认为
那些处理方式合理合法。
那些处理方式合理合法。
05:43
So you get school boards
sending out letters like this:
sending out letters like this:
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所以你会收到校董的来信：
05:46
"Dear Parent,
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“亲爱的家长，
05:47
because your kid owes
lunch money to the cafeteria,
lunch money to the cafeteria,
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你的孩子因为欠学校餐厅午饭钱，
05:52
the result may be that your child
will be taken away
will be taken away
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所以他可能会被带走，
05:54
and put in foster care."
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送到寄养家庭。“
05:56
This is going out from school boards
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这样的信件将会从校董发出，
05:58
because people think,
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因为人们认为
05:59
"Well, that seems to be
an instrument of deterrence."
an instrument of deterrence."
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“嗯...这看起来是一个威慑方式”。
06:05
When you board an airplane,
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当你登机的时候，
06:08
before kids, before first class,
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在孩子，和头等舱旅客之前，
06:12
soldiers in uniform board.
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身着制服的士兵优先登机。
06:15
Some of them are immigrants.
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其中的一些，是移民。
06:18
Here's a contract: join the army,
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这里是一份合同：参军，
06:21
serve your term, be honorably discharged,
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任职服务，光荣退伍，
06:23
get citizenship.
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获得公民身份。
06:26
We are rescinding those contracts
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他们签订合同后，
06:28
after they have been signed.
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我们开始千方百计解除它。
06:31
And if those soldiers
are killed in action,
are killed in action,
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如果那些士兵殉职，
06:33
we are deporting their wives,
and sometimes, their children.
and sometimes, their children.
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我们就把他们的妻子驱逐出境，
有时包括他们的孩子。
06:37
These are the people who protect us.
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这些是保护我们的人，
06:39
These are the people that we honor.
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这些是我们赋予荣誉的人，
06:42
These are the brave.
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他们是勇士，
然而这是我们对待他们的方式。
06:43
And this is how we're treating them.
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他们不是非法跨越国界线的人。
06:45
These are not the people
who cross the border illegally.
who cross the border illegally.
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06:48
Once you start allowing
this kind of behavior,
this kind of behavior,
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可你一旦允许该行为的“非法性”，
06:51
it normalizes into a society,
and it rips the society apart.
and it rips the society apart.
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它将会被社会常规化，
也将把社会弄得四分五裂。
06:57
Countries are built on the hard work
and grit of immigrants;
and grit of immigrants;
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国家是建立在
移民的辛苦劳动和毅力勇气上的，
移民的辛苦劳动和毅力勇气上的，
07:00
we are all immigrants.
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我们都是移民，
07:02
We just came at different times.
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我们只是在不同的时间来到这里。
07:04
Fifty-five percent
of this country's main businesses,
of this country's main businesses,
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这个国家55%的主要公司，
国内最成功的公司，那些天之骄子
07:09
the most successful businesses
in this country, the unicorns,
in this country, the unicorns,
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07:13
are built by people who came
as foreign students or as immigrants,
as foreign students or as immigrants,
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它们的创办者或共同创办者
07:17
and they're the founders
or the cofounders.
or the cofounders.
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都主要由外国学生或移民担任的。
07:19
Well, here's what's happened
over the last three years
over the last three years
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但在过去三年里，
07:22
to the best brains in the world.
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这才是世界最强大脑们的
真正待遇：
真正待遇：
07:24
Forty-two percent of them
did not get visas
did not get visas
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其中42%的人，没有拿到签证，
07:27
or chose not to get visas.
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或是选择不申请签证。
07:29
This is how you wipe out an economy.
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这是你如何打击经济的。
07:31
This isn't about kids and borders.
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这无关乎于孩子和国界，
07:34
It's about us.
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这关于我们。
07:37
This is about who we are,
who we the people are,
who we the people are,
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这关乎于我们是谁，
关乎于我们人民是谁，
07:41
as a nation and as individuals.
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在一个国家和无数个人的层面上，
07:44
This is not an abstract debate.
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这不是抽象的辩论。
07:49
A lot of us like to think
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我们很多人喜欢想：
07:52
if we had been back
when Hitler was rising to power,
when Hitler was rising to power,
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如果我们身处于
希特勒掌权的时候，
希特勒掌权的时候，
07:56
we would have been out in the street,
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我们肯定会走上街头，
我们肯定会反对他，
07:57
we would have opposed him,
we would have stopped Mengele.
we would have stopped Mengele.
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我们肯定会阻止门格勒。
08:00
A lot of us like to think,
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我们很多人喜欢想：
08:03
if we had been around during the '60s,
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如果我们身处于
上世纪60年代，
上世纪60年代，
08:05
we would have been
with the Freedom Riders.
with the Freedom Riders.
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我们必将于出现在
自由乘车运动者的队伍中，
自由乘车运动者的队伍中，
08:07
We would have been
at that bridge in Selma.
at that bridge in Selma.
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我们必将出现在
赛尔马桥的游行人群中。
赛尔马桥的游行人群中。
08:09
Well, guess what?
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但你猜怎么着？
08:11
Here's your chance.
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这里有个机会，
08:13
It's now.
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就是现在。
08:14
And as you're thinking about this stuff,
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当你在思考这件事的时候，
08:17
it's not just the giant acts,
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这不仅是个壮举，
08:19
it's not just go and block the bridge
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这不仅是去堵塞那座桥，
08:21
or chain yourself to something.
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或是把你自己捆绑在某个东西上，
08:24
It's what you do in your daily lives.
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而应该是你每天都在做的事情。
08:26
The Harvard Art Museum just opened a show
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哈佛美术馆刚举办了一个特展，
08:31
on how artists think about immigration
and building a home somewhere else.
and building a home somewhere else.
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是关于艺术家们对移民，
以及在其他地方安居的想法。
以及在其他地方安居的想法。
看完展览的观众
08:35
And people come out of that show
and they're pretty shaken.
and they're pretty shaken.
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都表示很震撼。
08:38
There was a blank wall at the end.
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展览最后有一面白墙，
08:41
And the curators did something
that usually doesn't happen --
that usually doesn't happen --
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策展人做了一件不同寻常的事：
08:44
they improvised.
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即兴创作。
08:46
They drew four lines,
and put in two words:
and put in two words:
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他们画了4条线，写了3个字：
08:49
"I belong."
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“我属于”。
08:50
So you come out of this exhibit,
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所以当你看完展览出来的时候，
08:52
and you can take a picture in front of it.
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你可以在这墙前拍照。
08:54
I can't tell you the impact
that has on people --
that has on people --
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我无法告诉你
这对于人们有多大影响。
这对于人们有多大影响。
08:56
I watched people come out of this,
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我看到人们出来，
08:59
and some of them sat
in front of that picture,
in front of that picture,
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有的坐在了那副画面前，
09:01
took a picture, and they had
a great, big grin on their face,
a great, big grin on their face,
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拍了张照，
脸上露出灿烂的笑容；
脸上露出灿烂的笑容；
09:04
and some people just had tears.
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有的面带泪光；
09:07
Some people hugged
and brought in strangers,
and brought in strangers,
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有的相拥，
把陌生人揽入臂弯，
09:09
others brought in their family.
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其他人把家人纳入怀中。
09:13
Small acts of kindness
go a long, long, long way.
go a long, long, long way.
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小小的善举，
却能持续那么久，那么久。
却能持续那么久，那么久。
09:18
There is pain going on in your community
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在你的社区，疼痛正在上演，
09:20
like you cannot believe.
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这是你无法相信的。
09:23
So next time you're with a cab driver
who may be one of "Them,"
who may be one of "Them,"
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所以下次打车，
对某些人来说
是“他们”中一员的出租车司机，
是“他们”中一员的出租车司机，
09:26
according to certain people,
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09:28
give that person an extra five bucks.
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多给他一些零钱。
09:32
Next time you see a hotel maid,
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下次你看到酒店打扫人员，
09:34
thank her and tip her double.
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记得感谢她，多给她些小费。
09:37
Next time you see your gardener,
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下次你看到家中园丁，
09:40
you see your nanny,
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看到你家保姆，
09:42
you see somebody like this,
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看到任何一个类似处境的人，
09:43
give them a great, big hug,
and tell them they belong.
and tell them they belong.
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给他们一个大大的拥抱，
并告诉他们“你属于这里”，
让他们感到“我们属于这里”。
09:46
Make them feel like they belong.
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09:48
It's time for big policies,
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是时候制定重大政策了，
09:50
but it's also time
for big acts of kindness.
for big acts of kindness.
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也是时候做出巨大善举了。
09:55
Because we have to reclaim who we are,
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因为我们必须回归本我，
09:57
we have to reclaim this nation.
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我们必须把这个国家恢复原样。
09:59
(Voice breaking) And we cannot sit there
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（声音哽咽）
我们不能坐以待毙
我们不能坐以待毙
10:02
and watch this shit going on.
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看着这个“鸿沟”一直加深。
10:05
This has got to stop,
it's got to stop now.
it's got to stop now.
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这必须停止，
现在必须停止！
现在必须停止！
10:09
Thank you.
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谢谢！
（掌声）
10:10
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juan Enriquez - FuturistJuan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society.
Why you should listen
A broad thinker who studies the intersections of these fields, Enriquez has a talent for bridging disciplines to build a coherent look ahead. He is the managing director of Excel Venture Management, a life sciences VC firm. He recently published (with Steve Gullans) Evolving Ourselves: How Unnatural Selection and Nonrandom Mutation Are Shaping Life on Earth. The book describes a world where humans increasingly shape their environment, themselves and other species.
Enriquez is a member of the board of Synthetic Genomics, which recently introduced the smallest synthetic living cell. Called “JCVI-syn 3.0,” it has 473 genes (about half the previous smallest cell). The organism would die if one of the genes is removed. In other words, this is the minimum genetic instruction set for a living organism.
Juan Enriquez | Speaker | TED.com