ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Daniel Kraft - Physician scientist
Daniel Kraft is a physician-scientist, inventor and entrepreneur. He is the founder and chair of Exponential Medicine and has served as faculty chair for Medicine at Singularity University since its inception, exploring the impact and potential of rapidly developing technologies as applied to health and medicine.

Why you should listen

Dr. Daniel Kraft is a Stanford and Harvard trained physician-scientist with more than 25 years of experience in clinical practice, biomedical research and innovation. He is Faculty Chair for Medicine at Singularity University and is the founder and chair for Exponential Medicine, a program which explores convergent, rapidly developing technologies and their potential to reshape the future of health and biomedicine.

After medical school at Stanford, Kraft was board certified in both Internal Medicine and Pediatrics following residency at the Massachusetts General Hospital & Boston Children's Hospital, and he completed Stanford fellowships in hematology/oncology & bone marrow transplantation. He is a member of the inaugural class of Aspen Institute Health Innovators Fellows.

Kraft has extensive research in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine with multiple scientific publications, medical device, immunology and stem cell-related patents through faculty positions with Stanford University School of Medicine and as clinical faculty for the pediatric bone marrow transplantation service at University of California San Francisco.

Kraft recently founded IntelliMedicine, focused on connected, data-driven and integrated personalized medicine. He is the inventor of the MarrowMiner, an FDA-approved device for the minimally invasive harvest of bone marrow, and he founded RegenMed Systems, a company developing technologies to enable adult stem cell-based regenerative therapies. He is an advisor the XPRIZE (having conceived of the Medical Tricorder XPRIZE and is helping lead a new Cancer focused prize), and advises several digital health and technology companies.

Kraft is an avid pilot and served for 14 years as an officer and flight surgeon with F-15 and F-16 fighter squadrons in the Air National Guard. He has conducted research on aerospace medicine that was published with NASA, with whom he was a finalist for astronaut selection.

More profile about the speaker
Daniel Kraft | Speaker | TED.com

TED2009

Daniel Kraft: A better way to harvest bone marrow

丹尼尔·克拉夫特发明了更好采集骨髓的仪器

Filmed: 2009-02-06

Readability: 4.1

525,001 views

丹尼尔·克拉夫特演示骨髓采集器--这个新发明很快地采集救生的骨髓，极大地减轻捐赠者的痛苦。他特别指出，骨髓中发现的成人干细胞可治疗许多晚期疾病，从帕金森氏综合症到心脏病。

Daniel Kraft - Physician scientist
Daniel Kraft is a physician-scientist, inventor and entrepreneur. He is the founder and chair of Exponential Medicine and has served as faculty chair for Medicine at Singularity University since its inception, exploring the impact and potential of rapidly developing technologies as applied to health and medicine. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:18

So I am a pediatric小儿科的 cancer癌症 doctor医生

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我是一名癌症儿科医生

00:21

and stem-cell干细胞 researcher研究员 at Stanford斯坦福 University大学

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也是斯坦福大学的干细胞研究者。

00:25

where my clinical临床 focus焦点 has been bone骨 marrow骨髓 transplantation移植.

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我临床研究的重点一直是骨髓移植。

00:28

Now, inspired启发 by Jill吉尔 BolteBolte Taylor泰勒 last year年,

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去年吉尔·伯特· 泰勒的演示启发了我，

00:30

I didn't bring带来 a human人的 brain脑,

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今天我没有带来人类的大脑，

00:32

but I did bring带来 a liter升 of bone骨 marrow骨髓.

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却带来了一升骨髓。

00:35

And bone骨 marrow骨髓 is actually其实 what we use

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事实上，它用来

00:38

to save保存 the lives生活 of tens十 of thousands数千 of patients耐心,

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挽救成千上万人的生命。

00:40

most最 of whom谁 have advanced高级 malignancies恶性肿瘤 like leukemia白血病 and lymphoma淋巴瘤

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他们中大多数人患有白血病和淋巴瘤等晚期恶性肿瘤

00:43

and some other diseases疾病.

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或者其他的疾病。

00:45

So, a few少数 years年份 ago前, I'm doing my transplant移植 fellowship奖学金 at Stanford斯坦福.

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几年前，我在斯坦福大学作骨髓移植研究员。

00:49

I'm in the operating操作 room房间. We have Bob短发 here,

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在手术室，我给鲍勃做手术。

00:51

who is a volunteer志愿者 donor捐赠者.

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他是一名骨髓捐赠志愿者。

00:53

We're sending发出 his marrow骨髓 across横过 the country国家 to save保存 the life

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为了挽救一个白血病儿童，我们要横穿美国派送

00:55

of a child儿童 with leukemia白血病.

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他的骨髓。

00:57

So actually其实 how do we harvest收成 this bone骨 marrow骨髓?

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那么，目前我们怎样采集骨髓呢？

00:59

Well we have a whole整个 O.R. team球队, general一般 anesthesia麻醉, nurses护士,

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噢，我们有专业的手术室团队，全身麻醉，护士

01:03

and another另一个 doctor医生 across横过 from me.

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和我一起操刀的另一名医生。

01:05

Bob's鲍勃的 on the table表, and we take this sort分类 of small小 needle针,

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鲍勃在手术台上，我们用这种小针头，

01:07

you know, not too big大.

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你知道的，不是特别大的。

01:09

And the way we do this is we basically基本上

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我们通常要做的是，

01:11

place地点 this through通过 the soft柔软的 tissue组织,

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把这个针头穿过软体组织，

01:13

and kind类 of punch冲床 it into the hard硬 bone骨,

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在硬骨穿个孔，

01:15

into the tuchustuchus -- that's a technical技术 term术语 --

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到臀部里面--这是个医学术语（tuchus臀部）--

01:17

and aspirate吸气 about 10 mlsMLS of bone骨 marrow骨髓 out,

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用针管抽取大约10毫升骨髓出来，

01:21

each每 time, with a syringe注射器.

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每次一个针管。

01:23

And hand手 it off to the nurse护士. She squirts鞘 it into a tin锡.

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我递给护士针管，她收集骨髓到一个錫袋。

01:26

Hands手 it back to me. And we do that again and again.

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然后再递给我针管。我们如此重复

01:29

About 200 times时 usually平时.

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通常要200次左右。

01:31

And by the end结束 of this my arm臂 is sore疮, I've got a callus胼胝 on my hand手,

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手术结束后我胳膊酸痛，手上都长了老茧。

01:33

let alone单独 Bob短发,

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更不用说鲍勃，

01:35

whose谁的 rear后 end结束 looks容貌 something more like this,

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他的屁股看上去更像是这个，

01:37

like Swiss瑞士人 cheese起司.

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瑞士奶酪的样子。

01:39

So I'm thinking思维, you know, this procedure程序 hasn't有没有 changed变 in about 40 years年份.

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你知道的，这个方法已经40年都没有改变了。

01:43

And there is probably大概 a better way to do this.

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可能有更好的方法去采集。

01:45

So I thought of a minimally微创 invasive侵入的 approach途径,

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我就想到一个微创的办法。

01:48

and a new新 device设备 that we call the Marrow骨髓 Miner矿工.

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这个新发明就是骨髓采集器。

01:50

This is it.

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这就是它。

01:52

And the Marrow骨髓 Miner矿工, the way it works作品 is shown显示 here.

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它的工作原理如下。

01:55

Our standard标准 see-through透视 patient患者.

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我们通常的患者一看就知。

01:57

Instead代替 of entering进入 the bone骨 dozens许多 of times时,

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不用多次穿刺，

01:59

we enter输入 just once一旦, into the front面前 of the hip臀部 or the back of the hip臀部.

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采集器只需一次，就进入到的屁股前面和后面。

02:01

And we have a flexible灵活, powered动力 catheter导管

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这种可弯曲的，有动力的中空管子

02:04

with a special特别 wire线 loop循环 tip小费 that stays入住 inside内 the crunchy脆脆 part部分 of the marrow骨髓

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并带有特殊金属环状顶端，它能够进入骨髓海绵状的部分，

02:07

and follows如下 the contours轮廓 of the hip臀部, as it moves移动 around.

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并沿着臀部的轮廓而移动采集。

02:10

So it enables使 you to very rapidly急速 aspirate吸气,

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所以，你通过一个穿孔就可以非常快地采集，

02:12

or suck吮吸 out, rich丰富 bone骨 marrow骨髓 very quickly很快 through通过 one hole孔.

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和吸取大量的骨髓。

02:15

We can do multiple多 passes通行证 through通过 that same相同 entry条目.

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你可以多次同样的操作只是不一样的路线。

02:17

No robots机器人 required需要.

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不需要机械操作。

02:19

And, so, very quickly很快, Bob短发 can just get one puncture刺, local本地 anesthesia麻醉,

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这样，非常快，鲍勃只需一个穿刺，局部麻醉，

02:22

and do this harvest收成 as an outpatient门诊病人.

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不需入院，就可得到他的骨髓。

02:26

So I did a few少数 prototypes原型. I got a small小 little grant发放 at Stanford斯坦福.

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我得到斯坦福很小的资金资助然后做了一些模型。

02:29

And played发挥 around with this a little bit位.

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渐渐的展示这个发明。

02:31

And our team球队 members会员 developed发达 this technology技术.

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我们团队开发了这一技术。

02:33

And eventually终于 we got two large大 animals动物, and pig猪 studies学习.

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后来，我们临床试验两个大型动物，和猪的应用研究。

02:37

And we found发现, to our surprise惊, that we not only got bone骨 marrow骨髓 out,

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我们惊讶地发现，比起普通仪器来，借助骨髓采集器，我们不仅采集了骨髓，

02:39

but we got 10 times时 the stem干 cell细胞 activity活动

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还得到了10倍多的活体

02:42

in the marrow骨髓 from the Marrow骨髓 Miner矿工, compared相比 to the normal正常 device设备.

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干细胞。

02:44

This device设备 was just FDAFDA approved批准 in the last year年.

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去年美国食品和药品管理局刚刚批准了这个发明。

02:47

Here is a live生活 patient患者. You can see it following以下 the flexible灵活 curves曲线 around.

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你可以看这个幸存病人的例子，采集器沿着弯曲的路线转动。

02:50

There will be two passes通行证 here, in the same相同 patient患者, from the same相同 hole孔.

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它是从同一个穿孔，同一个病人，两条纹路采集。

02:53

This was doneDONE under下 local本地 anesthesia麻醉, as an outpatient门诊病人.

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这样病人只需局部麻醉，不用入院。

02:55

And we got, again, about three三 to six六 times时 more stem干 cells细胞

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比起普通方法，我们又一次从同一个病人身上采集了3至6倍左右多的

02:58

than the standard标准 approach途径 doneDONE on the same相同 patient患者.

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干细胞。

03:01

So why should you care关心? Bone骨 marrow骨髓 is a very rich丰富 source资源 of adult成人 stem干 cells细胞.

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那么，你为什么要在乎呢？因为骨髓是干细胞非常丰富的来源。

03:04

You all know about embryonic胚胎 stem干 cells细胞.

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你们都知道胚胎干细胞。

03:06

They've他们已经 got great potential潜在 but haven't没有 yet然而 entered进入 clinical临床 trials试验.

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他们有很大的潜力，但是还没有进入临床试验阶段。

03:09

Adult成人 stem干 cells细胞 are throughout始终 our body身体,

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成人干细胞却遍布全身，

03:11

including包含 the blood-forming造血 stem干 cells细胞 in our bone骨 marrow骨髓,

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包括骨髓里的造血干细胞。

03:13

which哪一个 we've我们已经 been using运用 as a form形成 of stem-cell干细胞 therapy治疗

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它一直是用来干细胞治疗的方法

03:15

for over 40 years年份.

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有40多年了。

03:17

In the last decade十 there's been an explosion爆炸 of use

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在过去的十年，大量激增用

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of bone骨 marrow骨髓 stem干 cells细胞 to treat对待 the patient's耐心 other diseases疾病

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骨髓干细胞去治疗患者的其他疾病

03:23

such这样 as heart心 disease疾病, vascular血管 disease疾病,

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例如心脏病，血管疾病，

03:25

orthopedics骨科, tissue组织 engineering工程,

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整形外科，细胞组织工程，

03:27

even in neurology神经内科 to treat对待 Parkinson's帕金森氏

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甚至在神经病学治疗帕金森综合症

03:29

and diabetes糖尿病.

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和糖尿病。

03:31

We've我们已经 just come out, we're commercializing商业化, this year年,

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今年我们刚推出并投放市场的

03:33

generation代 2.0 of the Marrow骨髓 Miner矿工.

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第2.0代骨髓采集器。

03:35

The hope希望 is that this gets得到 more stem干 cells细胞 out,

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希望是，这项发明采集更多的干细胞。

03:37

which哪一个 translates转换 to better outcomes结果.

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它得到更好的应用。

03:39

It may可能 encourage鼓励 more people to sign标志 up to be

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鼓励更多的人去申请

03:41

potential潜在 live-saving拯救生命 bone骨 marrow骨髓 donors捐助者.

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当骨髓捐赠者，能派上用场挽救生命。

03:43

It may可能 even enable启用 you to bank银行

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当你年轻和健康时，你也可以储存

03:45

your own拥有 marrow骨髓 stem干 cells细胞, when you're younger更年轻 and healthier健康,

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你自己的骨髓干细胞，

03:47

to use in the future未来 should you need it.

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一旦你需要，可以随时使用。

03:50

And ultimately最终 -- and here's这里的 a picture图片 of our

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最后，请看我们

03:52

bone骨 marrow骨髓 transplant移植 survivors幸存者,

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骨髓移植康复者的照片。

03:54

who come together一起 for a reunion团圆 each每 year年 at Stanford斯坦福.

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每年在斯坦福大学我们一起聚会。

03:56

Hopefully希望 this technology技术 will let us

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希望未来这项技术

03:58

have more of these survivors幸存者 in the future未来.

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可以拯救更多的病人。

04:00

Thanks谢谢.

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谢谢。

04:02

(Applause掌声)

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（鼓掌）

Translated by Angelia King
Reviewed by dahong zhang

ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Daniel Kraft - Physician scientist
Daniel Kraft is a physician-scientist, inventor and entrepreneur. He is the founder and chair of Exponential Medicine and has served as faculty chair for Medicine at Singularity University since its inception, exploring the impact and potential of rapidly developing technologies as applied to health and medicine.

Why you should listen

Dr. Daniel Kraft is a Stanford and Harvard trained physician-scientist with more than 25 years of experience in clinical practice, biomedical research and innovation. He is Faculty Chair for Medicine at Singularity University and is the founder and chair for Exponential Medicine, a program which explores convergent, rapidly developing technologies and their potential to reshape the future of health and biomedicine.

After medical school at Stanford, Kraft was board certified in both Internal Medicine and Pediatrics following residency at the Massachusetts General Hospital & Boston Children's Hospital, and he completed Stanford fellowships in hematology/oncology & bone marrow transplantation. He is a member of the inaugural class of Aspen Institute Health Innovators Fellows.

Kraft has extensive research in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine with multiple scientific publications, medical device, immunology and stem cell-related patents through faculty positions with Stanford University School of Medicine and as clinical faculty for the pediatric bone marrow transplantation service at University of California San Francisco.

Kraft recently founded IntelliMedicine, focused on connected, data-driven and integrated personalized medicine. He is the inventor of the MarrowMiner, an FDA-approved device for the minimally invasive harvest of bone marrow, and he founded RegenMed Systems, a company developing technologies to enable adult stem cell-based regenerative therapies. He is an advisor the XPRIZE (having conceived of the Medical Tricorder XPRIZE and is helping lead a new Cancer focused prize), and advises several digital health and technology companies.

Kraft is an avid pilot and served for 14 years as an officer and flight surgeon with F-15 and F-16 fighter squadrons in the Air National Guard. He has conducted research on aerospace medicine that was published with NASA, with whom he was a finalist for astronaut selection.

More profile about the speaker
Daniel Kraft | Speaker | TED.com

THE ORIGINAL VIDEO ON TED.COM

丹尼尔·克拉夫特发明了更好采集骨髓的仪器 | TED Talk | TED.com