TEDxLeuven
Xavier De Kestelier: Adventures of an interplanetary architect
沙维尔·德·科提内尔: 一名星际建筑师的冒险
Filmed:
Readability: 3.5
1,222,609 views
我们将如何生活在银河系的其他地方？在地球上，可用于作为建筑材料的自然资源非常丰富，但是如果把这些材料送到月球或火星上，那么运输过程则会过于笨重，成本过于高昂。而建筑师沙维尔·德·科提内尔有一个颠覆性的设想，即使用机器人和空间灰尘来3D打印我们的行星之家。通过这个有关（可能）不太遥远的未来的迷人话题，了解更多有关空间建筑新兴领域的信息。
Xavier De Kestelier - Architect, technologist
Xavier De Kestelier is an architect and technologist with a passion for human space exploration. Full bio
Xavier De Kestelier is an architect and technologist with a passion for human space exploration. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
应该是我十二岁的时候，
00:12
I must have been about 12 years old
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00:15
when my dad took me
to an exhibition on space,
to an exhibition on space,
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我父亲带我看了一个航空展，
00:19
not far from here, in Brussels.
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就在离这不远的地方，
布鲁塞尔。
布鲁塞尔。
00:21
And the year was about --
I think it was 1988,
I think it was 1988,
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我记得那一年是1988年，
00:24
so it was the end of the Cold War.
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也是冷战结束的那年。
00:27
There was a bit of an upmanship going on
between the Americans and the Russians
between the Americans and the Russians
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那段时间美俄的竞争还在继续，
为那场展览带来了一些噱头。
00:31
bringing bits to that exhibition.
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00:34
NASA brought a big blow-up space shuttle,
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美国宇航局带来了
一个超大的航天飞机，
一个超大的航天飞机，
00:37
but the Russians,
they brought a Mir space station.
they brought a Mir space station.
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但是俄国人呢，
把和平号空间站带了过来。
把和平号空间站带了过来。
实际上那些只是训练舱，
00:42
It was actually the training module,
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00:44
and you could go inside
and check it all out.
and check it all out.
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所以你可以进去参观
并且进行实地操作。
并且进行实地操作。
00:47
It was the real thing --
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那些可都是真家伙——
00:48
where the buttons were,
where the wires were,
where the wires were,
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这里有按钮，那里是电线，
这边是宇航员吃饭的地方，
那边是他们工作的地方。
那边是他们工作的地方。
00:51
where the astronauts were eating,
where they were working.
where they were working.
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00:54
And when I came home,
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等我回了家，
00:56
the first thing I did,
I started drawing spaceships.
I started drawing spaceships.
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第一件事就是画宇宙飞船。
01:00
Now, these weren't
science fiction spaceships, no.
science fiction spaceships, no.
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但不是科幻小说里的那种飞船，
01:04
They were actually technical drawings.
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而是现实中的飞船工程图。
01:06
They were cutaway sections
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这幅画里涵盖了
01:09
of what kind of structure
would be made out of,
would be made out of,
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飞船船体上的材料剖面，
电路的分布，螺钉的位置。
01:11
where the wires were,
where the screws were.
where the screws were.
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01:15
So fortunately, I didn't
become a space engineer,
become a space engineer,
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而值得庆幸的是，我并没有
成为一名航天工程师，
成为一名航天工程师，
01:18
but I did become an architect.
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而是成为了一名建筑师。
01:21
These are some of the projects
that I've been involved with
that I've been involved with
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这是过去的十年半内
我所参与的项目中的一部分作品。
01:24
over the last decade and a half.
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01:27
All these projects are quite different,
quite different shapes,
quite different shapes,
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这些项目造型各异，
外形千差万别，
外形千差万别，
01:30
and it is because they are built
for different environments.
for different environments.
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这是因为它们是根据
所处环境而设计建造的。
所处环境而设计建造的。
它们各自都有各自的限制。
01:33
They have different constraints.
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01:36
And I think design
becomes really interesting
becomes really interesting
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我认为当你受到外界
严格的限制的时候，
严格的限制的时候，
01:39
when you get really harsh constraints.
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设计这项工作就变得十分有趣。
01:44
Now, these projects
have been all over the world.
have been all over the world.
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这些作品现在位于
世界的不同地方。
世界的不同地方。
01:48
A few years ago,
this map wasn't good enough.
this map wasn't good enough.
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几年以前，这张地图
变得不那么实用了。
变得不那么实用了。
01:51
It was too small.
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它太小了。
01:53
We had to add this one,
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我们必须附上这张图，
01:55
because we were going to do
a project on the Moon
a project on the Moon
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因为我们准备在月球上
为欧洲航天局
为欧洲航天局
打造一个项目。
01:59
for the European Space Agency;
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他们让我们在月球上
设计一个栖息地——
设计一个栖息地——
02:00
they asked us to design a Moon habitat --
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02:03
and one on Mars with NASA,
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并在火星上为NASA也打造一个，
02:06
a competition to look
at a habitation on Mars.
at a habitation on Mars.
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这是一场观察火星栖息环境的较量。
02:12
Whenever you go to another place,
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无论何时你到了另外一个地方，
02:15
as an architect
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作为一名建筑师，
02:17
and try to design something,
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当你想设计一些东西的时候，
02:20
you look at the local architecture,
the precedents that are there.
the precedents that are there.
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你会观察当地的建筑，
并把它当成范例。
并把它当成范例。
02:23
Now, on the Moon,
it's kind of difficult, of course,
it's kind of difficult, of course,
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而在月球上，这一点非常难以做到，
因为月球上只有这个东西。
02:26
because there's only this.
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那里只有阿波罗探测号。
02:27
There's only the Apollo missions.
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02:31
So last that we went there,
I wasn't even born yet,
I wasn't even born yet,
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它上一次到这儿的时候，
我还没出生，
我还没出生，
02:34
and we only spent about three days there.
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而人类只在上面待了3天。
02:38
So for me, that's kind of
a long camping trip, isn't it,
a long camping trip, isn't it,
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所以对我来说，这只是一个
时间比较久的野营旅行，不是么？
时间比较久的野营旅行，不是么？
02:42
but a rather expensive one.
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只不过价钱很高。
02:46
Now, the tricky thing,
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而问题在于，
02:48
when you're going to build
on another planet or a moon,
on another planet or a moon,
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当你准备在另外一个星球，
比如月球上进行建造的时候，
比如月球上进行建造的时候，
02:52
is how to get it there,
how to get it there.
how to get it there.
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我们要怎么到哪里，
通过怎样的方式到达哪儿。
通过怎样的方式到达哪儿。
02:56
So first of all,
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那么首先，
02:59
to get a kilogram, for example,
to the Moon's surface,
to the Moon's surface,
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假如要把1公斤的东西
搬到月球表面，
搬到月球表面，
03:02
it will cost about 200,000 dollars,
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就需要大概20万美元，
03:06
very expensive.
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这非常昂贵。
03:08
So you want to keep it very light.
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所以，你必须让你的设计非常轻巧。
03:11
Second, space. Space is limited. Right?
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其次，空间。
空间有限，不是么？
空间有限，不是么？
03:14
This is the Ariane 5 rocket.
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这是阿里安5号火箭。
03:16
The space you have there
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而这个火箭你能利用的空间
03:17
is about four and a half meters
by seven meters, not that much.
by seven meters, not that much.
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大概只有4.5m x 7m，
可能还不到。
可能还不到。
03:23
So it needs to be an architectural system
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由此可见，这需要一个
03:26
that is both compact,
or compactable, and light,
or compactable, and light,
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可压缩或者轻巧的建筑系统，
而我正好有这样一个系统。
03:30
and I think I've got one right here.
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03:34
It's very compact,
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这个非常致密
03:36
and it's very light.
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而且非常轻便。
03:39
And actually,
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实际上，
03:40
this is one I made earlier.
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这是我更早的时候做的一个样本。
03:45
Now, there's one problem with it,
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现在，我们遇到了一个问题，
03:48
that inflatables
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可膨胀的材料
03:52
are quite fragile.
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非常不结实。
03:55
They need to be protected,
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他们需要额外的保护措施，
03:58
specifically, when you go
to a very harsh environment like the Moon.
to a very harsh environment like the Moon.
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尤其是当你处于像月球这样
恶劣的环境中的时候。
恶劣的环境中的时候。
04:05
Look at it like this.
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就好比这样。
04:09
The temperature difference on a Moon base
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月球地表的温差
04:11
could be anything up to 200 degrees.
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可达200度。
04:13
On one side of the base,
it could be 100 degrees Celsius
it could be 100 degrees Celsius
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即在基地的一面
温度为100摄氏度，
温度为100摄氏度，
04:17
and on the other side,
it could be minus 100 degrees.
it could be minus 100 degrees.
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而另外一面的温度
则为零下100摄氏度。
则为零下100摄氏度。
04:20
We need to protect ourselves from that.
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我们需要保护我们的材料
免受温差的影响。
免受温差的影响。
04:23
The Moon also does not have
any magnetic fields,
any magnetic fields,
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而且月球上基本没有什么磁场，
04:29
which means that any radiation --
solar radiation, cosmic radiation --
solar radiation, cosmic radiation --
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这就意味着，任何形式的辐射——
太阳辐射，宇宙辐射——
太阳辐射，宇宙辐射——
04:34
will hit the surface.
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都可以直接到达地表。
04:36
We need to protect ourselves
from that as well,
from that as well,
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我们自身也需要保护自己
免于受到这些辐射的影响，
免于受到这些辐射的影响，
尤其是宇航员。
04:38
protect the astronauts from that.
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04:41
And then third,
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第三点，
04:42
but definitely not last,
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但还不是最后的一点，
04:44
the Moon does not have any atmosphere,
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月球没有大气层，
04:48
which means any meteorites coming into it
will not get burned up,
will not get burned up,
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这就意味着任何陨石砸到月球上，
沿途是不会被烧灼的，
沿途是不会被烧灼的，
就这么直直地砸到月球表面。
04:52
and they'll hit the surface.
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这就是月球表面
有这么多环形山的原因。
有这么多环形山的原因。
04:54
That's why the Moon is full of craters.
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04:57
Again, we need to protect
the astronauts from that.
the astronauts from that.
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与此同时，我们也需要
为宇航员提供相应的防护措施。
为宇航员提供相应的防护措施。
05:01
So what kind of structure do we need?
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那么，什么样的结构
能够满足这些条件？
能够满足这些条件？
实际上，最好的方式就是洞穴，
05:03
Well, the best thing is really a cave,
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05:07
because a cave has a lot of mass,
and we need mass.
and we need mass.
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因为洞穴的质量很大，
我们也正好需要足够的重量。
我们也正好需要足够的重量。
05:10
We need mass to protect
ourselves from the temperatures,
ourselves from the temperatures,
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我们需要足够厚的墙体
去隔绝这些温度，
去隔绝这些温度，
这些辐射
05:13
from the radiation
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05:14
and from the meteorites.
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以及这些随时可能掉下来的陨石。
05:17
So this is how we solved it.
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所以这就是我们的解决方式。
05:20
We have indeed the blue part,
as you can see.
as you can see.
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就如你所见，我们设计了
这样一个蓝色的区域，
这样一个蓝色的区域，
05:23
That's an inflatable for our Moon base.
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这就是月球基地可压缩的部分。
05:25
It gives a lot of living space
and a lot of lab space,
and a lot of lab space,
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它包含了大量的居住以及
实验室的空间，
实验室的空间，
05:29
and attached to it you have a cylinder,
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并且通过圆柱状的这个东西
与洞穴外壳相连，
与洞穴外壳相连，
05:32
and that has all
the support structures in,
the support structures in,
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这些就提供了足够的支撑结构，
05:35
all the life support and also the airlock.
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以及所有的生存所需以及空气开关。
05:40
And on top of that, we have a structure,
that domed structure,
that domed structure,
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在这个建筑物的顶部我们设置了
一个穹顶结构，
一个穹顶结构，
这个结构因其巨大的重量
05:44
that protects ourselves,
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05:45
has a lot of mass in it.
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能够保护我们。
05:48
Where are we going
to get this material from?
to get this material from?
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我们从哪里能够获取到
这种材料呢？
这种材料呢？
我们真的要从地球上向月球
运输混凝土和水泥么？
运输混凝土和水泥么？
05:50
Are we going to bring concrete and cement
from Earth to the Moon?
from Earth to the Moon?
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当然不能这么做，
因为这样的做法代价太大。
因为这样的做法代价太大。
05:53
Well, of course not,
because it's way too heavy.
because it's way too heavy.
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成本太高了。
05:56
It's too expensive.
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05:57
So we're going to go
and use local materials.
and use local materials.
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于是我们准备直接利用
月球上的材料。
月球上的材料。
而我们现在也采用与地球上
相同的方法处理这些材料。
相同的方法处理这些材料。
06:01
Now, local materials are something
we deal with on Earth as well.
we deal with on Earth as well.
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不管我们建在哪里或者
我们建造什么，
我们建造什么，
06:04
Wherever we build
or whatever country we build in,
or whatever country we build in,
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我们经常在思考如何利用这些材料。
06:06
we always look at,
what are the local materials here?
what are the local materials here?
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06:09
The problem with the Moon is,
what are the local materials?
what are the local materials?
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对于月球而言，真正的问题是
月球有哪些可以利用的建筑材料？
月球有哪些可以利用的建筑材料？
06:12
Well, there's not that many.
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事实上，可用的材料不多。
06:14
Actually, we have one.
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但仍有一种可以考虑。
就是月尘，
06:16
It's moondust,
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06:18
or, fancier scientific name,
regolith, Moon regolith.
regolith, Moon regolith.
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或者用个更具科技感的名字，
即土壤，月壤。
即土壤，月壤。
06:25
Great thing is, it's everywhere, right?
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这种材料最大的优势就是
随处可见，不是么？
随处可见，不是么？
月球的表面都是由
这种物质所覆盖的。
这种物质所覆盖的。
06:27
The surface is covered with it.
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06:29
It's about 20 centimeters
up to a few meters everywhere.
up to a few meters everywhere.
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覆盖的厚度由20厘米到几米不等。
06:34
But how are we going to build with it?
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但是我们要如何利用这些材料呢？
06:36
Well, we're going to use a 3D printer.
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在这里我们需要用到3D打印机。
06:40
Whenever I ask any of you
what a 3D printer is,
what a 3D printer is,
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每次我问你们
3D打印机是什么的时候，
3D打印机是什么的时候，
06:42
you're probably all thinking, well,
probably something about this size
probably something about this size
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你们首先会想到的多半是它的体积，
以及它们可能也就
打印出这么小的东西。
打印出这么小的东西。
06:46
and it would print things
that are about this size.
that are about this size.
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06:50
So of course I'm not going to bring
a massive 3D printer to the Moon
a massive 3D printer to the Moon
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我当然不会真的把大体积的
3D打印机运到月球上来
3D打印机运到月球上来
打印我的月球基地。
06:54
to print my Moon base.
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我会利用更小的仪器，
大概这么大。
大概这么大。
06:55
I'm going to use a much smaller device,
something like this one here.
something like this one here.
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07:00
So this is a small device,
a small robot rover,
a small robot rover,
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这是一个小仪器，
小型的探测车，
小型的探测车，
有一个小的铲子，
07:03
that has a little scoop,
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07:06
and it brings the regolith to the dome
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它会把月球的土壤
运到建造穹顶的位置，
运到建造穹顶的位置，
07:09
and then it lays down
a thin layer of regolith,
a thin layer of regolith,
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然后把一层薄薄的土壤堆在那儿，
接着其他机器会
把这些土壤固化，
把这些土壤固化，
07:14
and then you would have
the robot that will solidify it,
the robot that will solidify it,
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一层接一层，
07:17
layer by layer,
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07:19
until it creates, after a few months,
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直到几个月后
完成了整个基地的建造。
07:22
the full base.
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07:25
You might have noticed
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你也许注意到
07:27
that it's quite a particular
structure that we're printing,
structure that we're printing,
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我们专门设计出了一种结构，
我今天也带了一个小样本。
07:31
and I've got a little example here.
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07:35
What we call this
is a closed-cell foam structure.
is a closed-cell foam structure.
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我们把它称为闭口泡沫结构。
07:40
Looks quite natural.
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看上去非常自然。
我们在这个建筑中
07:42
The reason why we're using this
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07:44
as part of that shell structure
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采用这种结构是因为
我们只需要对建筑的
一部分结构进行强化，
一部分结构进行强化，
07:46
is that we only need
to solidify certain parts,
to solidify certain parts,
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07:51
which means we have to bring
less binder from Earth,
less binder from Earth,
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这就意味着我们可以从
地球上少搬运点东西，
地球上少搬运点东西，
而同时这个结构也更加轻巧。
07:54
and it becomes much lighter.
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07:56
Now --
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现在——
07:59
that approach of designing something
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这种设计思路
即从一种保护性的穹顶
覆盖整个建筑物，
覆盖整个建筑物，
08:02
and then covering it
with a protective dome
with a protective dome
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08:05
we also did for our Mars project.
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也同样被运用在了火星建造项目上。
08:08
You can see it here, three domes.
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你们可以看到，
这里有三个穹顶建筑物。
这里有三个穹顶建筑物。
08:10
And you see the printers
printing these dome structures.
printing these dome structures.
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你们可以看到这些打印机也在
打印这些结构。
打印这些结构。
08:15
There's a big difference
between Mars and the Moon,
between Mars and the Moon,
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但是月球的项目与火星的项目
有一个巨大的区别。
有一个巨大的区别。
这个我得解释一下。
08:17
and let me explain it.
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08:19
This diagram shows you to scale
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这个图片显示了
月球相较于地球的大小，
以及月球与地球之间的距离，
以及月球与地球之间的距离，
08:22
the size of Earth and the Moon
and the real distance,
and the real distance,
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08:26
about 400,000 kilometers.
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大概有40万公里。
08:28
If we then go to Mars,
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而如果我们要去火星，
08:31
the distance from Mars to Earth --
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火星与地球的距离——
这个图片
08:33
and this picture here
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是由在火星上的机器人
以它的视角拍摄的地球图像。
以它的视角拍摄的地球图像。
08:34
is taken by the rover on Mars,
Curiosity, looking back at Earth.
Curiosity, looking back at Earth.
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你们大概只能看到这么小小的一点，
那就是地球，4亿公里之外。
那就是地球，4亿公里之外。
08:39
You kind of see the little speckle there,
that's Earth, 400 million kilometers away.
that's Earth, 400 million kilometers away.
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08:45
The problem with that distance
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这么大的距离带来的问题在于
08:46
is that it's a thousand times the distance
of the Earth to the Moon, pretty far away,
of the Earth to the Moon, pretty far away,
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这是地球到月球距离的一千倍，
真的非常遥远，
真的非常遥远，
这就意味着我们不能与“好奇”号探测器
有直接的无线电联系。
有直接的无线电联系。
08:50
but there's no direct radio contact
with, for example, the Curiosity rover.
with, for example, the Curiosity rover.
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08:57
So I cannot teleoperate it from Earth.
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我就不能在地球上进行电子遥控。
09:00
I can't say, "Oh, Mars rover, go left,"
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我不能这么下达命令
“嘿，火星探测器，左转。”
“嘿，火星探测器，左转。”
09:05
because that signal
would take 20 minutes to get to Mars.
would take 20 minutes to get to Mars.
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因为信号需要20分钟
才能传达到火星。
才能传达到火星。
09:09
Then the rover might go left,
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直到20分钟后，这个探测器
才能进行左转，
才能进行左转，
接着又要经过20分钟，
它的反馈信息才能传达到我这儿，
它的反馈信息才能传达到我这儿，
09:12
and then it will take another 20 minutes
before it can tell me,
before it can tell me,
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“好了，我已经完成左转了。”
09:15
"Oh yeah, I went left."
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09:16
So the distance,
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所以因为距离的问题，
这些探测仪与机器
09:18
so rovers and robots
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09:22
and going to have to work autonomously.
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将必须自主作业。
09:25
The only issue with it
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其中唯一的问题在于
抵达火星这个任务风险很大。
09:27
is that missions to Mars are highly risky.
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09:31
We've only seen it a few weeks ago.
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我们也仅仅在几周前了解到这一点。
那么，如果一大半的
机器都不能达到火星，
机器都不能达到火星，
09:34
So what if half the mission
doesn't arrive at Mars.
doesn't arrive at Mars.
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我们该怎么办？
09:38
What do we do?
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09:39
Well, instead of building
just one or two rovers
just one or two rovers
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实际上，与月球上
仅仅建造一到两个
仅仅建造一到两个
09:42
like we did on the Moon,
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探测器不同，
09:44
we're going to build hundreds of them.
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我们将会建造很多，成千上百。
09:46
And it's a bit like
a termite's mound, you know?
a termite's mound, you know?
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它们看上去就像蚁巢那样。
白蚁，就算它们的巢穴中
有一半的成员都没了，
有一半的成员都没了，
09:50
Termites, I would take half
of the colony of the termites away,
of the colony of the termites away,
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09:54
they would still be able
to build the mound.
to build the mound.
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剩下的白蚁仍能够建造起蚁巢。
09:56
It might take a little bit longer.
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只不过时间会长一点。
09:58
Same here.
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同理，
即使有一半的机器不能抵达火星，
09:59
If half of our rovers
or robots don't arrive,
or robots don't arrive,
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10:02
well, it will take a bit longer,
but you will still be able to do it.
but you will still be able to do it.
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火星基地仍可以搭建起来，
只不过时间要长一点。
只不过时间要长一点。
10:06
So here we even have
three different rovers.
three different rovers.
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于是我们设计了三种不同的机器。
在后方，就那个最大的那种，
10:09
In the back, you see the digger.
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10:11
It's really good at digging regolith.
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是专门用于挖土的。
10:14
Then we have the transporter,
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然后，我们设计了搬运机，
10:18
great at taking regolith
and bringing it to the structure.
and bringing it to the structure.
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专门用于将土壤转移到建筑基地处。
10:22
And the last ones,
the little ones with the little legs,
the little ones with the little legs,
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最后一种，就是前面拥有
细小支撑的机器，
细小支撑的机器，
它们并不需要频繁的移动。
10:25
they don't need to move a lot.
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只需要移动到一层又一层的土壤上，
10:26
What they do is they go
and sit on a layer of regolith
and sit on a layer of regolith
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10:29
and then microwave it together,
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然后将土壤加热固化，
10:31
and layer by layer
create that dome structure.
create that dome structure.
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一层一层地建造起这种穹顶建筑。
10:36
Now --
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那么——
10:39
we also want to try that out,
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我们很想实践这种设计，
10:40
so we went out on a road trip,
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于是我们外出进行试验，
建造了一大群这样的机器。
10:43
and we created our own swarm of robots.
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10:49
There you go.
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就是这个。
10:50
So we built 10 of those.
It's a small swarm.
It's a small swarm.
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我们制造了10个这样的小家伙。
10:53
And we took six tons of sand,
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我们拿这些机器去
10:56
and we tried out how these little robots
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处理重达6吨的沙子，
看这些机器在地球上
是如何工作的，
是如何工作的，
10:59
would actually be able
to move sand around,
to move sand around,
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如何搬运地球上的土壤。
11:02
Earth sand in this case.
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11:04
And they were not teleoperated. Right?
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当然，它们并不是由人工操控的。
11:07
Nobody was telling them go left, go right,
or giving them a predescribed path.
or giving them a predescribed path.
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没有人下达比如左转、右转等
指令或者预设路径。
指令或者预设路径。
相反，它们仅仅被
给予了一个基本任务：
给予了一个基本任务：
11:12
No. They were given a task:
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11:14
move sand from this area to that area.
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即把沙子从这个区域
移到另外一个区域。
移到另外一个区域。
11:18
And if they came across
an obstacle, like a rock,
an obstacle, like a rock,
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如果它们在路上遇到了
比如岩石之类的障碍，
比如岩石之类的障碍，
11:21
they had to sort it out themselves.
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它们必须自行解决。
11:23
Or they came across another robot,
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或者碰上了另外一个机器，
11:25
they had to be able to make decisions.
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它们必须能够自己做决策。
11:28
Or even if half of them fell out,
their batteries died,
their batteries died,
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或者更为极端的，如果它们中的
一半都死机或者没电了，
一半都死机或者没电了，
11:31
they still had to be able
to finish that task.
to finish that task.
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它们也有完成这一项任务的能力。
11:36
Now, I've talked about redundancy.
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那么到现在，我已经
介绍了不少背景知识了。
介绍了不少背景知识了。
11:40
But that was not only with the robots.
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但是这不仅仅局限于机器上。
还与栖息地有关。
11:42
It was also with the habitats.
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11:44
On the Mars project,
we decided to do three domes,
we decided to do three domes,
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在火星上，我们决定采用
穹顶联排的三体结构，
穹顶联排的三体结构，
11:50
because if one didn't arrive,
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如果这三个建筑中有一个没能成功，
11:53
the other two could still form a base,
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那么其他两个依然能形成一个基地，
11:55
and that was mainly because
each of the domes
each of the domes
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这是因为每一个建筑
都在地底建有独立的生存支持系统，
11:57
actually have a life support system
built in the floor,
built in the floor,
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所以它们能够独立运转。
12:01
so they can work independently.
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12:04
So in a way, you might think,
well, this is pretty crazy.
well, this is pretty crazy.
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总体看来，你们也许觉得
这个想法很疯狂。
这个想法很疯狂。
12:09
Why would you, as an architect,
get involved in space?
get involved in space?
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为什么你身为一名建造师
会参与到航空领域中来？
会参与到航空领域中来？
12:14
Because it's such a technical field.
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因为它就是这样一个技术性的学科。
12:18
Well, I'm actually really convinced
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我一直以来都确信
从一个创造性或者
设计性的角度而言，
设计性的角度而言，
12:21
that from a creative view
or a design view,
or a design view,
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12:26
you are able to solve really hard
and really constrained problems.
and really constrained problems.
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每一个建筑师都能解决
非常复杂繁琐的问题。
非常复杂繁琐的问题。
12:32
And I really feel that there is
a place for design and architecture
a place for design and architecture
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我确信在太空栖息地项目这一块，
12:36
in projects like
interplanetary habitation.
interplanetary habitation.
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设计与建筑仍能占据一席之地。
12:40
Thank you.
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感谢大家。
（掌声）
12:41
(Applause)
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Translated by Yu Xie
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Xavier De Kestelier - Architect, technologistXavier De Kestelier is an architect and technologist with a passion for human space exploration.
Why you should listen
Xavier De Kestelier is interested in designing long-term space habitats and believes that architects have a crucial role to play in the design of any future settlements on Mars or the moon. He has worked on research projects with both ESA and NASA and is interested to see how 3D printed structures could protect astronauts from solar radiation, meteorites and extreme temperatures.
He was previously co-Head of Foster + Partners' Specialist Modelling Group (SMG), the architecture practice’s multi-disciplinary research and development group.
Over the years De Kestelier has been a Visiting Professor at Ghent University, Adjunct Professor at Syracuse University and a Teaching Fellow at The Bartlett School of Architecture. Since 2010, he has been one of the directors of Smartgeometry, a non-profit educational organisation for computational design and digital fabrication.
Based in London, De Kestelier is currently principal and executive board member at international design practice HASSELL where he leads the global efforts in design technology and digital innovation.
Xavier De Kestelier | Speaker | TED.com