TEDGlobal 2017
Su Kahumbu: How we can help hungry kids, one text at a time
苏·卡呼卜: 我们是如何通过手机短信帮助饥饿的孩子填饱肚子的
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苏·卡呼卜养殖的“猛”牛——健康、营养价值高，它们身上的蛋白质是解决非洲日益严重问题的关键因素：童年时期的营养障碍。利用她专门为了帮助小型牲畜养殖户开发出的iCow，这样一个简单的短信通讯服务软件，这位TED成员正致力于通过发送照料和饲养家畜的短信小贴士来帮助遍布在非洲大陆上的养殖户们。快来了解一下这个廉价的创新是如何帮助饥饿的孩子们填饱肚子的吧——小贴士大作用！
Su Kahumbu - Agriculturalist, social entrepreneur
TED Fellow Su Kahumbu is working to improve farmer livelihoods and contribute to nutritional security and environmental sustainability. Full bio
TED Fellow Su Kahumbu is working to improve farmer livelihoods and contribute to nutritional security and environmental sustainability. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I want to introduce you
to my badass friends.
to my badass friends.
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我想向你介绍我的朋友们。
00:16
Meet Thelma and Louise.
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西尔玛和路易斯。
（注：末路狂花的两位女主角）
（注：末路狂花的两位女主角）
00:18
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:20
I'm passionate about cows.
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我对奶牛充满了热情。
虽然它们最近因为甲烷排放和气候变化
00:22
And although they've been
getting a lot of crap lately
getting a lot of crap lately
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引发了很多非议，
00:24
due to methane emissions
and climate change,
and climate change,
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但我希望通过展示它们在
解决世界上最大的问题之一，
解决世界上最大的问题之一，
00:27
I hope that I can redeem
their reputation in part
their reputation in part
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即粮食安全问题，
00:29
by showing you how
incredibly important they are
incredibly important they are
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来恢复它们的部分声誉。
00:32
in solving one of the world's
biggest problems: food security.
biggest problems: food security.
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但更重要的是，在非洲——
00:35
But more importantly, for Africa --
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粮食安全造成了儿童发育迟缓。
00:37
it's resultant childhood stunting.
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00:40
Nutritional stunting manifests itself
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营养失调表现为
人类成长过程中生长速度的降低。
00:43
in a reduction of growth rate
in human development.
in human development.
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00:46
And according to UNICEF,
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按照联合国儿童基金会的说法，
00:48
stunting doesn't come easy.
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生长迟缓不会轻易发生。
它也不会马上发生。
00:49
It doesn't come quickly.
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它会在很长一段时间内发生，
00:51
It happens over a long period of time
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比如当小孩遭受痛苦
或者处于虚弱的疾病周期内、
或者处于虚弱的疾病周期内、
00:53
during which a child endures painful
and debilitating cycles of illness,
and debilitating cycles of illness,
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00:57
depressed appetite,
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食欲减退、
00:59
insufficient nutrition
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营养不足、
还有关爱不足。
01:00
and inadequate care.
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01:03
And most kids simply
can't endure such rigors.
can't endure such rigors.
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大部分儿童无法通过这样的严酷考验。
01:06
But those that do survive,
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那些存活下來的孩子，
01:10
they carry forward
long-term cognitive problems
long-term cognitive problems
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他们也会带着长期的认知问题，
01:13
as well as losses of stature.
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还有身体发育不良。
01:16
The numbers of stunted children
under the age of five,
under the age of five,
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在世界上绝大部分地区，
五岁以下存在发育迟缓的儿童数量
01:20
in most regions of the world,
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01:22
has been declining.
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已经在减少。
我很不想这样说，
01:23
And I really hate to say this,
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01:25
but the only place where
they haven't been declining is here,
they haven't been declining is here,
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但唯一人数没有减少的地方，就是这里，
非洲。
01:28
in Africa.
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01:30
Here, 59 million children,
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在这里，五千九百万的儿童中，
01:34
three in 10 in that age group,
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十分之三的这个年龄段的人
01:36
struggle to meet
their genetic potential --
their genetic potential --
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难以达到他们的基因潜力——
01:39
their full genetic potential.
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他们完整的基因潜力。
01:43
Protein is one of our most important
dietary requirements,
dietary requirements,
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蛋白质是我们最重要的日常所需，
01:46
and evidence shows
that lack of essential amino acids,
that lack of essential amino acids,
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有证据显示，
若孩童饮食中缺乏构成蛋白质的基本物质
——氨基酸，
——氨基酸，
01:49
the building blocks of proteins,
in young children's diets,
in young children's diets,
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可能会造成生长迟缓。
01:52
can result in stunting.
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01:54
Essential amino acids are called essential
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必需氨基酸之所以是必要的
01:56
because we can't
synthesize them in our bodies.
synthesize them in our bodies.
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是因为我们身体无法自己合成。
我们必须从食物中获取，
01:59
We have to get them from our foods
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02:01
and the best sources are animal-derived:
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而最好的来源就是动物制品：
02:04
milk, meat and eggs.
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奶、肉类还有蛋类。
02:07
Most protein consumed
on the African continent is crop-based.
on the African continent is crop-based.
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非洲大陆上大部分被消耗的蛋白质来自于农作物。
02:12
And although we have millions
of smallholder farmers rearing animals,
of smallholder farmers rearing animals,
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虽然我们有数百万的小农户饲养动物，
02:16
livestock production
is not as easy as we think.
is not as easy as we think.
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畜牧业生产并没有我们想象的那么简单。
02:20
The big livestock gaps between
rich countries and poor countries
rich countries and poor countries
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贫穷和富有国家在畜牧业上的差距
02:24
are due to poor animal health.
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源于较差的动物健康水平。
02:27
Endemic livestock diseases,
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地方性的家畜疾病，
02:30
some of them transmissible to humans,
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其中一些是可以传染给人类的，
02:32
threaten not only livestock producers
in those poor countries,
in those poor countries,
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所以在这些贫困国家当中，这类疾病
不仅仅威胁着畜牧生产者，
不仅仅威胁着畜牧生产者，
02:37
but all human health across all countries.
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同时也威胁着这些国家里所有人的健康。
02:42
This is a global pathogens network.
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这是全球病原体网络。
02:44
It shows the pathogens
found across the world
found across the world
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根据加强后的感染病数据库提供的数据，
02:47
according to the Enhanced
Infectious Diseases database.
Infectious Diseases database.
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这显示了全球范围内已被发现的病原体。
02:50
And it shows those pathogens
that share hosts.
that share hosts.
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它同时显示出有共同宿主的的病原体。
02:54
In a nutshell,
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简单地说，
我们在和与我们最亲近的物种，牲畜们
02:55
we share pathogens, and thus diseases,
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02:58
with the species we live closest to:
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共享病原体，也就是说，
03:00
our livestock.
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共享疾病。
03:01
And we call these zoonotic diseases.
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我们把这个叫人畜共患病。
（注：可以通过自然方式传染给人类的动物疫病）
（注：可以通过自然方式传染给人类的动物疫病）
03:04
Recent reports show
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最近的报告显示
03:05
that the deadly dozen zoonotic
diseases kill 2.2 million people
diseases kill 2.2 million people
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许多致命的人畜共患病
每年会杀死二百二十万人，
每年会杀死二百二十万人，
并且让二十四亿人患病。
03:09
and sicken 2.4 billion people annually.
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03:13
And Jimmy says,
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吉米说，
03:14
"The greatest burden of zoonoses
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“来自于人畜共患病最大的压力，
03:17
falls on one billion
poor livestock keepers."
poor livestock keepers."
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需要十亿个穷困牲畜养殖者来承担。“
03:20
We totally underestimate
the importance of our smallholder farmers.
the importance of our smallholder farmers.
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我们完全低估了小型养殖户的重要性。
03:25
We're beginning to recognize
how important they are
how important they are
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我们现在开始认识到他们有多重要，
03:27
and how they influence our medical health,
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还有他们会如何影响我们的医疗健康，
生物安全，
03:31
our biosafety
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还有最近提出的认知健康和生理健康。
03:32
and more recently,
our cognitive and our physical health.
our cognitive and our physical health.
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03:37
They stand at the frontline
of zoonotic epidemics.
of zoonotic epidemics.
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他们站在人畜共患病流行的前线。
03:42
They pretty much underpin our existence.
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他们可以说就是我们赖以生存的基础。
03:45
And they need to know so much,
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他们有太多需要去了解，
然而，他们大多恰恰缺少
03:48
yet most lack knowledge
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有关于牲畜疾病预防和治疗方面的知识。
03:53
on livestock disease
prevention and treatment.
prevention and treatment.
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所以他们从何了解呢？
03:56
So how do they learn?
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除了通过共享的经验，
03:58
Apart from shared experiences,
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通过反复的试验试错，
04:01
trial and error,
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传统农业的推广服务和无线电广播——
04:02
conventional farming extension services
are boots on the ground and radio --
are boots on the ground and radio --
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04:07
expensive and hard to scale
in the face of population growth.
in the face of population growth.
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在面对人口增长时，这显得不够经济
也难以衡量成效。
也难以衡量成效。
04:12
Sounds pretty gloomy, doesn't it?
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听起来挺沮丧的是吧？
04:15
But we're at an interesting
point in Africa.
point in Africa.
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但是我们处在对于非洲来说一个非常
有趣的时间节点上。
有趣的时间节点上。
04:18
We're changing that narrative
using innovative solutions,
using innovative solutions,
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我们将会跨过那些规模化的技术，
使用一个具有创造性的方案来改变现状。
04:22
riding across scalable technologies.
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04:26
Knowledge doesn't have to be expensive.
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知识不一定要是昂贵的。
04:29
My company developed
an agricultural platform called iCow.
an agricultural platform called iCow.
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我的公司研发了一款农业平台名叫iCow。
04:33
We teach farmers
best livestock practices using SMS
best livestock practices using SMS
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我们在简单低端的手机上，
通过SMS（手机短信服务）教给农民们
最好的畜牧业饲养方法。
最好的畜牧业饲养方法。
04:38
over simple, low-end phones.
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农民们会在每周收到三条有关畜牧
饲养方法的短信，
饲养方法的短信，
04:40
Farmers receive three SMSs a week
on best livestock practices,
on best livestock practices,
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04:43
and those that execute the messages
go on to see increases in productivity
go on to see increases in productivity
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那些看完短信并学以致用的农民们，
在短短三个月的时间内
生产力就获得了提高。
生产力就获得了提高。
04:47
within as short a time as three months.
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生产率提高的第一个因素当然
04:52
The first increases in productivity,
of course, are improved animal health.
of course, are improved animal health.
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就是家畜健康水平的提高。
我们使用SMS（手机短信服务）的原因就是
它容易存储信息。
它容易存储信息。
04:59
We use SMS because it is retentive.
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05:01
Farmers store their messages,
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农民们保存这些信息，
05:03
they write them down in books,
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并把它们记载入册，
05:04
and in effect,
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实际上，
05:06
we're drip-feeding
agricultural manuals into the fields.
agricultural manuals into the fields.
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我们是一点一点把农业手册上的知识
运用到实际生产之中：
运用到实际生产之中：
我们意识到我们都是
全球食物网络的一部分，
全球食物网络的一部分，
05:10
We recognize that we are all
part of the global food network:
part of the global food network:
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生产者和消费者，
05:16
producers and consumers,
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你和我，以及每一位农场主。
05:18
you and me, and every farmer.
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05:22
We're focusing now on trying
to bring together producers and consumers
to bring together producers and consumers
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现在我们的重点在于尝试把
生产者和消费者整合在一起，
05:28
to take action and take responsibility
for not only food security,
for not only food security,
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共同行动并共同承担责任，这不仅仅
是为了防止食物短缺，
是为了防止食物短缺，
也是为了保证食品健康。
05:33
but for food safety.
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05:35
This beautiful animal is an African-Asian
Sahiwal crossed with a Dutch Fleckvieh.
Sahiwal crossed with a Dutch Fleckvieh.
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这头美丽的动物是非亚的沙希华牛
与荷兰西门塔尔牛的混种。
与荷兰西门塔尔牛的混种。
05:41
She's milkier than her Sahiwal mom,
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她的产奶量要高于她的沙希华牛母亲，
05:43
and she's sturdier and more resistant
to disease than her Fleckvieh father.
to disease than her Fleckvieh father.
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同时也比她的西门塔尔牛父亲更强壮
更能抵抗疾病。
更能抵抗疾病。
05:49
In Ethiopia and Tanzania,
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在埃塞俄比亚和坦桑尼亚，
05:51
the African Dairy Genetic Gains program
is using SMS and cutting-edge genomics
is using SMS and cutting-edge genomics
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非洲乳牛遗传增益计划（ADGG）
通过使用SMS和尖端的基因组技术，
05:57
and pioneering Africa's first
tropically adapted dairy breeding centers
tropically adapted dairy breeding centers
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开创了非洲第一个适应热带天气的
奶牛养殖中心
奶牛养殖中心
06:02
and dairy performance recording centers.
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和奶牛表现记录中心。
06:06
Farmers contribute
their production data --
their production data --
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农户把他们的生产数据——
06:09
milking records,
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挤奶记录、
繁殖记录和喂食记录——
06:11
breeding records and feeding records --
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提供给ADGG平台。
06:13
to the ADGG platform.
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06:14
This stage is synthesized
through algorithms
through algorithms
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在通过实操性高的短信通知
重新发回给农户以前，
06:16
from some of the top
livestock institutions in the world
livestock institutions in the world
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原始数据将会通过一些世界顶尖的
牲畜养殖机构
牲畜养殖机构
06:20
before it lands back in the farmers' hands
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提供的算法进行加工计算。
06:23
in actionable SMSs.
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06:26
Customized data,
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定制化的数据，
定制化的答复，
06:27
customized responses
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都是基于目前的潜力
06:29
all aimed at increasing productivity
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06:32
based on the potential on the ground.
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为提高生产力服务。
06:34
We're at a very interesting place
in agriculture in Africa.
in agriculture in Africa.
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我们处在非洲农业非常有趣的节点上。
06:38
By the end of this year,
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到今年年底，
我们将会有接近十亿手机订阅用户。
06:40
we'll have almost one billion
mobile phone subscriptions.
mobile phone subscriptions.
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06:44
We have the power in our hands
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我们有足够的能力，
06:46
to ensure that livestock production
systems are not only healthy,
systems are not only healthy,
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以确保牲畜生产体系不仅仅是健康的、
06:50
productive and profitable,
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多产的以及盈利的，
06:53
but that farmers are knowledgeable,
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而且农户是通晓养殖知识的，
06:55
and more importantly,
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更重要的是，
我们的农户是安全的。
06:57
that our farmers are safe.
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07:00
Working with smallholder farmers
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与小型养殖户联手合作
是保证粮食安全最好的方法，
07:02
is one of the best ways
to guarantee food security.
to guarantee food security.
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07:06
Working with smallholder farmers
is one of the best ways
is one of the best ways
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与小型养殖户联手合作也保证了每一个孩子
可以得到充分的机会，
07:08
to guarantee each and every child
their full opportunity
their full opportunity
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07:12
and ability to reach
their full genetic potential.
their full genetic potential.
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以及能力去达到他们所拥有的基因潜力。
07:15
And harnessing the power
of millions of smallholder farmers
of millions of smallholder farmers
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利用成千上万小型养殖户的能力
07:19
and their badass cows like mine,
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以及他们养殖的，像我的牛一样的“猛”牛们，
07:23
we should be able to bring
a halt to stunting in Africa.
a halt to stunting in Africa.
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我们应该有能力阻止非洲的发育迟缓现象。
07:27
Thank you.
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谢谢大家。
（掌声）
07:28
(Applause)
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07:31
Thank you.
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谢谢。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Su Kahumbu - Agriculturalist, social entrepreneurTED Fellow Su Kahumbu is working to improve farmer livelihoods and contribute to nutritional security and environmental sustainability.
Why you should listen
Su Kahumbu creates cool mobile phone agriculture solutions for small holder farmers in Africa. Her solutions target improved climate resilient production methods that deliver on sustainable human, animal, crop and ecosystem health.
Kahumbu latest baby is her award winning app, iCow, which is a comprehensive mobile phone based agricultural platform that provides farmers easy access to cutting edge sustainable agricultural knowledge, markets and experts. iCow is designed for low-end feature phones, helping users that aren't connected to the internet access to a database of rich offline content which they receive in SMS, 24/7 in languages of their choice. It comprises comprehensive content on livestock, crops, soils, pollinators, insects and more and is currently used by thousands of small holder farmers in Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia in five local languages.
Kahumbu is a passionate social entrepreneur with 21 years experience of working with small holder farmers and organic farming systems in Kenya. Her goal is to inspire, enable and support farming communities across Africa by making farming sexy.
Kahumbu is based in Nairobi, Kenya where she heads Green Dreams Tech Ltd as the CEO. She is a TED Global Fellow, an advisory board member for Changing Course in Global Agriculture and the agricultural governor of the Mpesa Foundation Academy.
Su Kahumbu | Speaker | TED.com