TEDGlobal 2017
Su Kahumbu: How we can help hungry kids, one text at a time
蘇卡胡姆布: 透過簡訊改善兒童飢餓問題
Filmed:
Readability: 5.7
1,001,801 views
蘇卡胡姆布養的牛都是狠角色──健康、飲食良好的動物。牠們的蛋白質是解決非洲日益嚴重之問題 － 孩童時期營養發展遲緩 － 的一大關鍵。這位 TED 成員發展了 iCow，一個簡單的簡訊服務，幫助小規模家畜農場主，她協助非洲大陸農場主的方式是發照顧和養育動物的小密訣簡訊給他們。來聽聽這場演說，了解這項便宜的創新如何協助飢餓的孩童有食物吃，每個簡訊都有幫助。
Su Kahumbu - Agriculturalist, social entrepreneur
TED Fellow Su Kahumbu is working to improve farmer livelihoods and contribute to nutritional security and environmental sustainability. Full bio
TED Fellow Su Kahumbu is working to improve farmer livelihoods and contribute to nutritional security and environmental sustainability. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I want to introduce you
to my badass friends.
to my badass friends.
0
720
2480
我想跟各位介紹我狠角色朋友。
見見塞爾瑪跟路易絲。
（註：《末路狂花》的主角）
（註：《末路狂花》的主角）
00:16
Meet Thelma and Louise.
1
4080
1600
00:18
(Laughter)
2
6240
1895
（笑聲）
00:20
I'm passionate about cows.
3
8160
1856
我對牛充滿熱情。
00:22
And although they've been
getting a lot of crap lately
getting a lot of crap lately
4
10040
2576
雖然牠們近期遇到許多鳥事，
00:24
due to methane emissions
and climate change,
and climate change,
5
12640
2376
因為甲烷排放以及氣候變遷，
00:27
I hope that I can redeem
their reputation in part
their reputation in part
6
15040
2776
我希望我能挽救牠們部分的名聲，
00:29
by showing you how
incredibly important they are
incredibly important they are
7
17840
2256
讓各位了解牠們是多麼重要，
00:32
in solving one of the world's
biggest problems: food security.
biggest problems: food security.
8
20120
3096
能協助解決世界上最大的
問題之一：食物保障。
問題之一：食物保障。
00:35
But more importantly, for Africa --
9
23240
2176
但，更重要的，對非洲而言，
00:37
it's resultant childhood stunting.
10
25440
2040
缺乏食物造成兒時發育遲緩。
00:40
Nutritional stunting manifests itself
11
28920
2416
營養造成的發展遲緩呈現的方式
00:43
in a reduction of growth rate
in human development.
in human development.
12
31360
2856
是人類發展的成長率下降。
00:46
And according to UNICEF,
13
34240
1936
根據聯合國兒童基金會，
00:48
stunting doesn't come easy.
14
36200
1616
發育遲緩不容易發生。
00:49
It doesn't come quickly.
15
37840
1616
發育遲緩不會很快發生。
00:51
It happens over a long period of time
16
39480
1816
它橫跨很長的一段時間，
00:53
during which a child endures painful
and debilitating cycles of illness,
and debilitating cycles of illness,
17
41320
3480
在這期間孩子要忍受
痛苦和虛弱的疾病循環、
痛苦和虛弱的疾病循環、
00:57
depressed appetite,
18
45600
1736
胃口不好、
00:59
insufficient nutrition
19
47360
1576
營養不良，
01:00
and inadequate care.
20
48960
1600
以及不當的照護。
01:03
And most kids simply
can't endure such rigors.
can't endure such rigors.
21
51080
2920
大部分的孩子實在
無法忍受這樣的艱苦。
無法忍受這樣的艱苦。
01:06
But those that do survive,
22
54760
1600
但，存活下來的孩子，
01:10
they carry forward
long-term cognitive problems
long-term cognitive problems
23
58000
2976
他們會帶著長期的認知問題，
01:13
as well as losses of stature.
24
61000
2120
伴隨著身體發育不良。
01:16
The numbers of stunted children
under the age of five,
under the age of five,
25
64840
4016
五歲以下發展遲緩的孩子數目，
01:20
in most regions of the world,
26
68880
1456
在世界大部分的區域，
01:22
has been declining.
27
70360
1536
都在下降中。
01:23
And I really hate to say this,
28
71920
2016
我很不想這麼說，
01:25
but the only place where
they haven't been declining is here,
they haven't been declining is here,
29
73960
2896
但，唯一人數沒有
下降的地方，就是這裡，
下降的地方，就是這裡，
01:28
in Africa.
30
76880
1200
非洲。
01:30
Here, 59 million children,
31
78960
2600
在這裡，5900 萬孩童，
01:34
three in 10 in that age group,
32
82520
2136
在那個年齡層中，十個就有三個，
01:36
struggle to meet
their genetic potential --
their genetic potential --
33
84680
2856
要非常努力才能達到
他們基因上的潛能，
他們基因上的潛能，
01:39
their full genetic potential.
34
87560
1560
他們完整的潛能。
01:43
Protein is one of our most important
dietary requirements,
dietary requirements,
35
91240
3496
蛋白質是我們最重要的
飲食需求之一，
飲食需求之一，
01:46
and evidence shows
that lack of essential amino acids,
that lack of essential amino acids,
36
94760
3016
有證據顯示，若孩童的飲食
01:49
the building blocks of proteins,
in young children's diets,
in young children's diets,
37
97800
2776
缺乏必要的氨基酸，
即蛋白質的基礎成份，
即蛋白質的基礎成份，
01:52
can result in stunting.
38
100600
1240
就可能造成發展遲緩。
01:54
Essential amino acids are called essential
39
102560
2016
必要的氨基酸之所以必要，
01:56
because we can't
synthesize them in our bodies.
synthesize them in our bodies.
40
104600
2536
是因為我們自體無法合成它們。
01:59
We have to get them from our foods
41
107160
1680
我們得要從食物中攝取，
02:01
and the best sources are animal-derived:
42
109560
3056
而最好的來源是動物源食品：
02:04
milk, meat and eggs.
43
112640
2320
牛奶、肉、蛋。
02:07
Most protein consumed
on the African continent is crop-based.
on the African continent is crop-based.
44
115640
4376
在非洲大陸，大部分被吃下的
蛋白質都是以作物為基礎的。
蛋白質都是以作物為基礎的。
02:12
And although we have millions
of smallholder farmers rearing animals,
of smallholder farmers rearing animals,
45
120040
3880
雖然我們有數百萬名
小佃農在飼養動物，
小佃農在飼養動物，
02:16
livestock production
is not as easy as we think.
is not as easy as we think.
46
124880
3280
家畜生產沒有我們想的那麼容易。
02:20
The big livestock gaps between
rich countries and poor countries
rich countries and poor countries
47
128960
3936
富國和窮國之間有很大的家畜落差，
02:24
are due to poor animal health.
48
132920
1520
原因是動物的健康很差。
02:27
Endemic livestock diseases,
49
135640
2496
地方性的家畜疾病，
02:30
some of them transmissible to humans,
50
138160
2376
有些可以傳染給人類，
02:32
threaten not only livestock producers
in those poor countries,
in those poor countries,
51
140560
4000
這些疾病威脅的不只是
窮國的家畜生產者，
窮國的家畜生產者，
02:37
but all human health across all countries.
52
145600
3920
還包括所有國家所有人類的健康。
02:42
This is a global pathogens network.
53
150080
2496
這是全球的病原體網路。
02:44
It shows the pathogens
found across the world
found across the world
54
152600
2496
它顯示在全世界發現的病原體，
02:47
according to the Enhanced
Infectious Diseases database.
Infectious Diseases database.
55
155120
3376
資料來自強化傳染病資料庫。
02:50
And it shows those pathogens
that share hosts.
that share hosts.
56
158520
3736
它能顯示出有共同宿主的病原體。
02:54
In a nutshell,
57
162280
1296
在一個小封閉空間中，
02:55
we share pathogens, and thus diseases,
58
163600
2456
我們共享病原體
進而共享疾病的對象，
進而共享疾病的對象，
02:58
with the species we live closest to:
59
166080
2416
就是和我們居住地相近的物種：
03:00
our livestock.
60
168520
1256
我們的家畜。
03:01
And we call these zoonotic diseases.
61
169800
2256
我們稱之為人畜共通病。
03:04
Recent reports show
62
172080
1776
近期的報告指出，
03:05
that the deadly dozen zoonotic
diseases kill 2.2 million people
diseases kill 2.2 million people
63
173880
4056
十多種致命的人畜共通病，
每年會奪走 220 萬條人命，
每年會奪走 220 萬條人命，
03:09
and sicken 2.4 billion people annually.
64
177960
3000
並讓 24 億人生病。
03:13
And Jimmy says,
65
181600
1256
吉米說：
03:14
"The greatest burden of zoonoses
66
182880
2456
「人畜共通病最沉重的擔子，
03:17
falls on one billion
poor livestock keepers."
poor livestock keepers."
67
185360
2560
落在十億貧窮的家畜飼養者肩上。」
03:20
We totally underestimate
the importance of our smallholder farmers.
the importance of our smallholder farmers.
68
188880
3720
我們完全低估了小佃農的重要性。
03:25
We're beginning to recognize
how important they are
how important they are
69
193200
2416
我們開始認可他們的重要性，
03:27
and how they influence our medical health,
70
195640
3496
以及他們如何影響我們的醫療健康、
03:31
our biosafety
71
199160
1736
我們的生物安全性，
03:32
and more recently,
our cognitive and our physical health.
our cognitive and our physical health.
72
200920
3200
以及更近期的，
我們的認知與身體健康。
我們的認知與身體健康。
03:37
They stand at the frontline
of zoonotic epidemics.
of zoonotic epidemics.
73
205320
3360
他們站在人畜共通病
流行傳播的前線。
流行傳播的前線。
03:42
They pretty much underpin our existence.
74
210480
2280
他們可說是支撐著我們的生存。
03:45
And they need to know so much,
75
213880
2936
他們需要知道很多知識，
03:48
yet most lack knowledge
76
216840
4416
卻又最缺乏那些知識，
03:53
on livestock disease
prevention and treatment.
prevention and treatment.
77
221280
2736
關於家畜疾病預防和治療的知識。
03:56
So how do they learn?
78
224040
2136
所以，他們要如何學習？
03:58
Apart from shared experiences,
79
226200
2776
除了分享共同的經驗
04:01
trial and error,
80
229000
1256
和反覆試驗外，
04:02
conventional farming extension services
are boots on the ground and radio --
are boots on the ground and radio --
81
230280
4120
傳統農業的發展依靠人力和電台，
04:07
expensive and hard to scale
in the face of population growth.
in the face of population growth.
82
235520
4280
在人口增長的情況下
既昂貴又難以普及。
既昂貴又難以普及。
04:12
Sounds pretty gloomy, doesn't it?
83
240880
1600
聽起來挺沮喪的，是嗎？
04:15
But we're at an interesting
point in Africa.
point in Africa.
84
243720
2776
但，現在的非洲
有個契機。
有個契機。
04:18
We're changing that narrative
using innovative solutions,
using innovative solutions,
85
246520
4336
我們可以用創新的解決方案
來改變現狀，
來改變現狀，
04:22
riding across scalable technologies.
86
250880
2440
橫跨可擴充的技術。
04:26
Knowledge doesn't have to be expensive.
87
254360
2280
知識不見得要很昂貴。
04:29
My company developed
an agricultural platform called iCow.
an agricultural platform called iCow.
88
257560
4336
我的公司發展出了一個
農業平台 iCow（i 乳牛）。
農業平台 iCow（i 乳牛）。
04:33
We teach farmers
best livestock practices using SMS
best livestock practices using SMS
89
261920
4056
通過傳簡訊，用簡單
易操作的手機教授農民們
易操作的手機教授農民們
04:38
over simple, low-end phones.
90
266000
2336
最好的牲畜養殖方法。
農場主每周會收到三則簡訊，
內容就是最好的家畜實做方式，
內容就是最好的家畜實做方式，
04:40
Farmers receive three SMSs a week
on best livestock practices,
on best livestock practices,
91
268360
3256
04:43
and those that execute the messages
go on to see increases in productivity
go on to see increases in productivity
92
271640
4136
照著訊息去做的人，會在三個月的
04:47
within as short a time as three months.
93
275800
3160
短時間內看到生產力增加。
04:52
The first increases in productivity,
of course, are improved animal health.
of course, are improved animal health.
94
280680
5160
當然，要增加生產力，
第一件事是改善動物健康。
第一件事是改善動物健康。
04:59
We use SMS because it is retentive.
95
287000
2336
我們用簡訊是因為它可以保存。
05:01
Farmers store their messages,
96
289360
1776
農場主會把訊息存起來，
05:03
they write them down in books,
97
291160
1536
他們會寫在筆記上，
05:04
and in effect,
98
292720
1256
實際上，
05:06
we're drip-feeding
agricultural manuals into the fields.
agricultural manuals into the fields.
99
294000
2760
我們是把農業手冊的內容
注入到田野實做中。
注入到田野實做中。
05:10
We recognize that we are all
part of the global food network:
part of the global food network:
100
298440
6456
我們了解到，我們都是
全球食物網路的一部分：
全球食物網路的一部分：
05:16
producers and consumers,
101
304920
1816
生產者與消費者，
05:18
you and me, and every farmer.
102
306760
2120
你、我，和每一個農場主。
05:22
We're focusing now on trying
to bring together producers and consumers
to bring together producers and consumers
103
310440
4960
現在，我們的重點在試圖將
生產者與消費者結合起來，
生產者與消費者結合起來，
05:28
to take action and take responsibility
for not only food security,
for not only food security,
104
316400
5176
以採取行動和負起責任，
不單單是為了食物保障，
不單單是為了食物保障，
05:33
but for food safety.
105
321600
1440
也為了食物安全。
05:35
This beautiful animal is an African-Asian
Sahiwal crossed with a Dutch Fleckvieh.
Sahiwal crossed with a Dutch Fleckvieh.
106
323840
5376
這隻美麗的動物是非亞的
沙希華牛與荷蘭的西門特牛混種。
沙希華牛與荷蘭的西門特牛混種。
05:41
She's milkier than her Sahiwal mom,
107
329240
2416
她比她的沙希華母親更能產乳，
05:43
and she's sturdier and more resistant
to disease than her Fleckvieh father.
to disease than her Fleckvieh father.
108
331680
4320
比她的西門特父親
更強健更能抵抗疾病。
更強健更能抵抗疾病。
05:49
In Ethiopia and Tanzania,
109
337000
2096
在衣索比亞和坦尚尼亞，
05:51
the African Dairy Genetic Gains program
is using SMS and cutting-edge genomics
is using SMS and cutting-edge genomics
110
339120
5936
「非洲乳牛遺傳增益」
（ADGG）計畫
（ADGG）計畫
使用簡訊和最先進的
染色體雜交品種，
染色體雜交品種，
05:57
and pioneering Africa's first
tropically adapted dairy breeding centers
tropically adapted dairy breeding centers
111
345080
5456
開拓非洲第一批能適應
熱帶的乳牛繁殖中心，
熱帶的乳牛繁殖中心，
06:02
and dairy performance recording centers.
112
350560
3200
以及乳牛表現記錄中心。
06:06
Farmers contribute
their production data --
their production data --
113
354680
3136
農場主會貢獻他們的生產資料──
06:09
milking records,
114
357840
1256
擠奶記錄、
06:11
breeding records and feeding records --
115
359120
1896
繁殖記錄，以及餵食記錄──
06:13
to the ADGG platform.
116
361040
1736
提供給 ADGG 平台。
06:14
This stage is synthesized
through algorithms
through algorithms
117
362800
2136
在這個階段，會用世界頂尖
06:16
from some of the top
livestock institutions in the world
livestock institutions in the world
118
364960
3536
家畜機構提供的演算法把資料整合，
06:20
before it lands back in the farmers' hands
119
368520
2776
轉為可以實行的簡訊，
06:23
in actionable SMSs.
120
371320
2120
送回到農場主手上。
06:26
Customized data,
121
374520
1216
客製化的資料，
06:27
customized responses
122
375760
1576
客製化的回應，
06:29
all aimed at increasing productivity
123
377360
2656
目標都是要根據一般潛能
06:32
based on the potential on the ground.
124
380040
1920
來增加生產力。
06:34
We're at a very interesting place
in agriculture in Africa.
in agriculture in Africa.
125
382960
3200
我們正處在非洲農業
一個很有意思的地方。
一個很有意思的地方。
06:38
By the end of this year,
126
386920
1256
今年年底，
06:40
we'll have almost one billion
mobile phone subscriptions.
mobile phone subscriptions.
127
388200
3240
我們將會有接近十億筆的
行動電話訂閱。
行動電話訂閱。
06:44
We have the power in our hands
128
392040
2576
我們手中就握有力量，
06:46
to ensure that livestock production
systems are not only healthy,
systems are not only healthy,
129
394640
4256
能夠確保家畜生產體制不僅健康、
06:50
productive and profitable,
130
398920
2000
有生產力、能獲利，
06:53
but that farmers are knowledgeable,
131
401600
2336
而且農場主也有相關知識；
06:55
and more importantly,
132
403960
1816
更重要的是，
06:57
that our farmers are safe.
133
405800
1880
我們的農場主是安全的。
07:00
Working with smallholder farmers
134
408440
1576
和小佃農合作，
07:02
is one of the best ways
to guarantee food security.
to guarantee food security.
135
410040
3000
是確保食物安全的最佳方式之一。
07:06
Working with smallholder farmers
is one of the best ways
is one of the best ways
136
414160
2656
和小佃農合作，也是個極佳的方式，
07:08
to guarantee each and every child
their full opportunity
their full opportunity
137
416840
3976
能保障每一個孩童
都有完整的機會與能力，
都有完整的機會與能力，
來發揮他們的遺傳的潛力。
07:12
and ability to reach
their full genetic potential.
their full genetic potential.
138
420840
2360
07:15
And harnessing the power
of millions of smallholder farmers
of millions of smallholder farmers
139
423920
3856
利用數百萬名小佃農的力量
以及他們那些狠角色牛隻，
就像我的一樣，
就像我的一樣，
07:19
and their badass cows like mine,
140
427800
2200
07:23
we should be able to bring
a halt to stunting in Africa.
a halt to stunting in Africa.
141
431000
3440
我們應該能夠終止非洲的發展遲緩。
07:27
Thank you.
142
435160
1216
謝謝。
07:28
(Applause)
143
436400
2680
（掌聲）
07:31
Thank you.
144
439720
1280
謝謝。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Su Kahumbu - Agriculturalist, social entrepreneurTED Fellow Su Kahumbu is working to improve farmer livelihoods and contribute to nutritional security and environmental sustainability.
Why you should listen
Su Kahumbu creates cool mobile phone agriculture solutions for small holder farmers in Africa. Her solutions target improved climate resilient production methods that deliver on sustainable human, animal, crop and ecosystem health.
Kahumbu latest baby is her award winning app, iCow, which is a comprehensive mobile phone based agricultural platform that provides farmers easy access to cutting edge sustainable agricultural knowledge, markets and experts. iCow is designed for low-end feature phones, helping users that aren't connected to the internet access to a database of rich offline content which they receive in SMS, 24/7 in languages of their choice. It comprises comprehensive content on livestock, crops, soils, pollinators, insects and more and is currently used by thousands of small holder farmers in Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia in five local languages.
Kahumbu is a passionate social entrepreneur with 21 years experience of working with small holder farmers and organic farming systems in Kenya. Her goal is to inspire, enable and support farming communities across Africa by making farming sexy.
Kahumbu is based in Nairobi, Kenya where she heads Green Dreams Tech Ltd as the CEO. She is a TED Global Fellow, an advisory board member for Changing Course in Global Agriculture and the agricultural governor of the Mpesa Foundation Academy.
Su Kahumbu | Speaker | TED.com