TEDxSanMigueldeAllende
Aleph Molinari: Let's bridge the digital divide!
Filmed:
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Five billion people can’t use the Internet. Aleph Molinari empowers the digitally excluded by giving them access to computers and the know-how to use them.
(Filmed at TEDxSanMigueldeAllende.)
Aleph Molinari - Economist, techno-activist
Through education and technology-focused community centers, Aleph Molinari empowers the 5 billion people who cannot access or use the Internet and other technologies. Full bio
Through education and technology-focused community centers, Aleph Molinari empowers the 5 billion people who cannot access or use the Internet and other technologies. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:08
The digital divide is a mother
that's 45 years old and can't get a job,
that's 45 years old and can't get a job,
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數位落差，就是一個
45 歲的母親找不到工作，
45 歲的母親找不到工作，
00:12
because she doesn't know
how to use a computer.
how to use a computer.
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因為她不知道怎麼用電腦。
00:14
It is an immigrant that doesn't know
that he can call his family for free.
that he can call his family for free.
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數位落差，就是移民者不知道
可以免費打電話給家人。
可以免費打電話給家人。
00:18
It is a child who can't
resolve his homework,
resolve his homework,
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數位落差，就是孩子
不會做家庭作業，
不會做家庭作業，
00:21
because he doesn't have
access to information.
access to information.
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因為他無法取得資訊。
00:24
The digital divide is a new illiteracy.
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數位落差是新的文盲。
00:26
"Digital divide" is also defined as:
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「數位落差」也被這樣定義：
00:28
the gap between individuals
and communities
and communities
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能取得、和無法取得
00:30
that have access
to information technologies
to information technologies
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資訊科技的個人和社區
00:32
and those that don't.
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之間的差距。
00:34
Why does this happen?
It happens because of 3 things.
It happens because of 3 things.
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這為什麼會發生？有三個原因。
00:36
The first is that people can't get
access to these technologies
access to these technologies
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第一，人們無法取得這些科技，
00:40
because they can't afford them.
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因為他們負擔不起。
00:41
The second is because
they don't know how to use them.
they don't know how to use them.
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第二，因為他們不知道如何使用。
00:44
The third is because they don't know
the benefits derived from technology.
the benefits derived from technology.
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第三，因為他們不知道
科技能帶來的好處。
科技能帶來的好處。
00:47
So let's consider
some very basic statistics.
some very basic statistics.
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讓我們先來看一些非常基本的統計。
00:51
The population of the world
is nearly seven billion people.
is nearly seven billion people.
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世界的人口數接近 70 億。
00:55
Out of these, approximately two billion
are digitally included.
are digitally included.
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這些人當中，大約有 20 億人
是數位的一份子。
是數位的一份子。
00:58
This is approximately 30%
of the entire world population,
of the entire world population,
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這佔全世界人口的約 30%，
01:02
which means that the remaining
70% of the world --
70% of the world --
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這表示，世界上剩下的 70% 人口──
01:07
close to five billion people --
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接近 50 億人──
01:09
do not have access
to a computer or the internet.
to a computer or the internet.
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無法使用電腦或網路。
01:12
Let's think about
that number for a second.
that number for a second.
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花點時間，想想那個數字。
01:14
Five billion people; that's four
times the population of India,
times the population of India,
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50 億人；那是印度人口數的四倍，
01:19
that have never touched a computer,
have never accessed the internet.
have never accessed the internet.
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他們從來沒有碰過電腦，
從來沒有上過網路。
從來沒有上過網路。
01:22
So this is a digital abyss
that we're talking about,
that we're talking about,
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這是我們在談論的數位深淵，
01:25
this is not a digital divide.
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這並不是數位落差。
01:26
Here we can see a map by Chris Harrison
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這是克里斯哈里森所做的地圖，
01:28
that shows the internet connections
around the world.
around the world.
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展示出全世界的網路連結。
01:31
What we can see is that most
of the internet connections
of the internet connections
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我們可以看到，大部份的網路連結
01:34
are centered on North America and Europe,
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以北美以及歐洲為中心，
01:36
while the rest of the world is engulfed
in the dark shadow of digital divide.
in the dark shadow of digital divide.
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世界上其他地方，
則被數位落差的黑影給淹沒。
則被數位落差的黑影給淹沒。
01:40
Next, we can see connections,
city-to-city, around the world,
city-to-city, around the world,
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接著，我們能看到
全世界的連結，城市對城市，
全世界的連結，城市對城市，
01:44
and we can see that most
of the information generated
of the information generated
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可以發現，大部份產生出來的資訊，
01:46
is being generated
between North America and Europe,
between North America and Europe,
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產生在北美和歐洲之間，
01:50
while the rest of the world is not
broadcasting their ideas or information.
broadcasting their ideas or information.
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世界其他地方並沒有把它們的
想法或資訊給傳播出來。
想法或資訊給傳播出來。
01:53
So what does this mean?
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所以，那是什麼意思？
01:56
We are living in a world that seems
to be having a digital revolution,
to be having a digital revolution,
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我們所居住的世界，
似乎在發生一場數位革命，
似乎在發生一場數位革命，
02:01
a revolution that everyone here
thinks that we're part of,
thinks that we're part of,
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這裡的每個人都認為
我們是這場革命的一部份，
我們是這場革命的一部份，
02:05
but the 70% of the world that is
digitally excluded is not part of this.
digitally excluded is not part of this.
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但世界上 70% 並非
數位一份子的人就不是。
數位一份子的人就不是。
02:09
What does this mean?
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這是什麼意思？
02:10
Well, the people that will be digitally
excluded won't be able to compete
excluded won't be able to compete
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不是數位一份子的人，
未來在勞工市場上將不會有競爭力，
02:14
in the labor markets of the future,
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02:16
they won't be connected,
they'll be less informed,
they'll be less informed,
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他們不會被連結，得到的資訊較少，
02:18
they'll be less inspired
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比較不會被激勵，
02:20
and they'll be less responsible.
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且會比較不負責。
02:21
Internet should not be a luxury,
it should be a right,
it should be a right,
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網際網路不該是奢侈品，
它應該是種權利，
它應該是種權利，
02:24
because it is a basic social necessity
of the 21st century.
of the 21st century.
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因為它是 21 世紀
基本的社會必需品。
基本的社會必需品。
02:28
We can't operate without it.
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沒有它，我們無法運作。
02:29
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
02:32
Thank you.
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謝謝。
02:33
It allows us to connect to the world.
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它讓我們能夠與世界連結。
02:36
It empowers us.
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它賦予我們能力。
02:37
It gives us social participation.
It is a tool for change.
It is a tool for change.
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它帶給我們社會參與。
它是用來改變的工具。
它是用來改變的工具。
02:42
And so, how are we going
to bridge this digital divide?
to bridge this digital divide?
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我們要如何彌補數位落差？
02:46
Well, there are many models
that try and bridge the digital divide,
that try and bridge the digital divide,
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有許多模型是用來彌補數位落差的，
02:50
that try and include
the population at large.
the population at large.
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它們嘗試把一般的人口都納入。
02:53
But the question is:
Are they really working?
Are they really working?
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但，問題是：它們真的有用嗎？
02:56
I'm sure everybody here
knows One Laptop per Child,
knows One Laptop per Child,
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我相信在座每個人都知道
「一童一電腦」，
「一童一電腦」，
02:59
where one computer is given to one child.
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每個孩童能得到一台電腦。
03:02
The problem with this is,
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這做法的問題是，
03:04
do we really want children
to take computers to their homes,
to take computers to their homes,
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我們真的希望孩童把電腦帶回去
03:07
homes that have adverse conditions?
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他們條件惡劣的家裡嗎？
03:09
And we also must understand
that by giving a child a computer,
that by giving a child a computer,
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我們也得要了解，
給予每個孩童一台電腦，
給予每個孩童一台電腦，
03:12
we're also transferring costs,
very high costs,
very high costs,
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我們也把非常高的成本轉移給他們，
03:15
such as internet connection, electricity,
maintenance, software, updates.
maintenance, software, updates.
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比如網路連結、電力、維修、
軟體、更新，通通要成本。
軟體、更新，通通要成本。
03:21
So we must create different models,
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我們得要創造不同的模型，
03:22
models that help the families
rather than add a burden on them.
rather than add a burden on them.
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能協助家庭而不是
帶給它們負擔的模型。
帶給它們負擔的模型。
03:27
Also, let's not forget
about the carbon footprint.
about the carbon footprint.
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此外，別忘了碳足跡。
03:30
Imagine five billion laptops.
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想像 50 億台筆電。
03:33
What would the world look like then?
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那種世界會是什麼樣子的？
03:35
Imagine the hazardous residue
that would be generated from that.
that would be generated from that.
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想像它們會產生的有害殘留物。
03:38
Imagine the trash.
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想像一下垃圾。
03:39
So if we give one computer to one person,
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如果我們給每個人一台電腦，
03:43
and we multiply that times five billion,
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我們把這個數字乘以 50 億，
03:47
even if that laptop is a hundred dollars,
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即使一台筆電只要 100 美元，
03:49
then we would have 483 trillion dollars.
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我們就需要 483 兆美元。
03:53
Now let's consider we're only counting
the youth, ages 10 to 24.
the youth, ages 10 to 24.
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若我們只算年輕人，
10 ~ 24 歲的人。
10 ~ 24 歲的人。
03:58
That's approximately 30%
of the digitally excluded population.
of the digitally excluded population.
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即非數位一份子之人口的 30%。
04:02
Then that would be 145 trillion dollars.
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那就是 145 兆美元。
04:04
What nation has this amount of money?
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哪個國家有這筆錢？
04:07
This is not a sustainable model.
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這不是個永續的模型。
04:09
So with this in mind,
we created a different model.
we created a different model.
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知道這點，我們創造了不同的模型。
04:11
We created the RIA, in Spanish,
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我們創造了西班牙語的 RIA，
04:14
or in English, Learning
and Innovation Network,
and Innovation Network,
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或英文的「學習及創新網路」。
04:16
which is a network of community centers
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它是個社區中心的網路，
04:19
that bring education
through the use of technology.
through the use of technology.
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透過科技的使用，帶來教育。
04:21
We wanted to increase the number
of users per computer in such a way
of users per computer in such a way
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我們想要增加每台電腦的
使用者數，這麼一來，
使用者數，這麼一來，
04:24
that we could dilute the cost
of infrastructure, the cost per user,
of infrastructure, the cost per user,
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我們就能降低基礎設備的成本，
每位使用者的成本，
每位使用者的成本，
04:28
and that we could bring
education and technology
education and technology
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我們就能把教育和科技
04:30
to everybody within these communities.
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帶給這些社區中的每個人。
04:33
Let's look at a basic comparison.
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我們來看一個基本的比較。
04:36
The RIA has 1,650 computers.
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RIA 有 1,650 台電腦。
04:39
If we had used
the One Laptop per Child model
the One Laptop per Child model
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如果我們用「一童一電腦」的模型，
04:42
of a 1 to 1 ratio,
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搭配 1:1 的比例，
04:43
then we would have benefited 1,650 users.
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那麼我們就能讓
1,650 個使用者受益。
1,650 個使用者受益。
04:47
What we did instead is set up centers
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我們的做法則是設立中心，
04:50
that have longer hours
of operation than schools,
of operation than schools,
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中心的開放時間比學校還長，
04:53
that also include all of the population --
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且包含所有的人口──
04:56
our youngest user is 3 years old,
the oldest is 86 --
the oldest is 86 --
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我們最年輕的使用者只有三歲，
最老的是 86 歲──
最老的是 86 歲──
05:00
and with this, in less than two years,
we were able to reach 140,000 users,
we were able to reach 140,000 users,
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用這方式，不到兩年，
我們觸及了十四萬個使用者，
我們觸及了十四萬個使用者，
05:06
out of which --
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這些人當中──
05:08
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
05:09
Thank you.
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謝謝。
05:11
out of which, 34,000 have already
graduated from our courses.
graduated from our courses.
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其中三萬四千人
已經從我們的學程畢業。
已經從我們的學程畢業。
05:15
Another thing with One Laptop per Child
is that it doesn't guarantee
is that it doesn't guarantee
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「一童一電腦」還有一個問題，
就是它無法保證
就是它無法保證
05:18
the educational use of a computer.
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電腦被拿來做教育用途。
05:20
Technology is nothing
without that content.
without that content.
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若沒有那些內容，科技就沒有用。
05:22
We need to use it
as a means, not as an end.
as a means, not as an end.
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我們需要把它當作手段，不是目的。
05:26
How did we accomplish such a high impact?
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我們是如何達成那麼高的影響力的？
05:31
Well, you can't just go into a community
and pretend to change it,
and pretend to change it,
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你不能走到一個社區中
然後就假裝去改變它，
然後就假裝去改變它，
05:34
you need to look at a lot of factors.
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你得要考量許多的因子。
05:36
So what we do is a thing
we call "urban acupuncture."
we call "urban acupuncture."
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我們的做法稱為「都市針灸」。
05:39
We first start by looking
at the basic geography of a site.
at the basic geography of a site.
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我們一開始，是先去看
一個地點的基本地理狀況。
一個地點的基本地理狀況。
05:42
So take, for example, Ecatepec.
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比如，埃卡提佩，
05:44
This is one of the most densely
populated municipalities in Mexico.
populated municipalities in Mexico.
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它是墨西哥人口密度
最高的自治市之一。
最高的自治市之一。
05:49
It has a very low income level.
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該地的收入水準很低。
05:52
So we look at the basic geography,
we look at roads, streets,
we look at roads, streets,
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所以我們去看它的基本
地理狀況，去看道路、街道、
地理狀況，去看道路、街道、
05:55
the flux of pedestrians and vehicles.
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行人流和車流。
05:58
Then we look at income,
we look at education.
we look at education.
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接著我們會看收入、教育。
06:00
Then we set up a center there
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然後我們在那裡設立一個中心，
06:04
in the place that's going
to heal the body,
to heal the body,
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設在可以治癒整個身體的位置上，
06:06
a little needle to change the city body.
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一小支針就能改變城市身體。
06:11
And there we go.
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就像這樣。
06:12
And so, there are four basic elements
that we need to consider
that we need to consider
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所以，當透過科技來做教育時，
06:15
when we're using education
through technology.
through technology.
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我們要考量四個基本元素。
06:19
The first one is we need to create spaces.
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第一，我們需要創造出空間。
06:22
We need to create a space
that is welcoming to the community,
that is welcoming to the community,
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我們需要創造出
對社區而言是歡迎的空間，
對社區而言是歡迎的空間，
06:25
a space that is according to the needs
of the children and of the elders
of the children and of the elders
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依據孩童、老人、以及該社區中
06:31
and of every possible person
that lives within that community.
that lives within that community.
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每個居民的需求來設計的空間。
06:35
So we create these spaces
that are all made with recycled materials.
that are all made with recycled materials.
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我們我們創造出的這些空間，
用的全都是回收材料。
用的全都是回收材料。
06:39
We use modular architecture
to lower the ecological impact.
to lower the ecological impact.
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我們會用模組式建築結構
來降低生態衝擊。
來降低生態衝擊。
06:44
And second, connection.
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第二，連結。
06:48
By connection, I mean not only
a connection to the internet,
a connection to the internet,
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我指的連結，並不單單是網路連結，
06:51
that's too easy.
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那太容易了。
06:53
We need to create a connection
that's an interconnection of humans.
that's an interconnection of humans.
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我們需要建立的連結，
是人與人的連結。
是人與人的連結。
06:56
The internet is a very complex organism
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網際網路是非常複雜的有機體，
07:01
that is fueled of the ideas, the thoughts
and the emotions of human beings.
and the emotions of human beings.
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它的燃料是人類的
想法、思維、以及情緒。
想法、思維、以及情緒。
07:05
We need to create networks
that aid in exchanging information.
that aid in exchanging information.
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我們需要建立能協助
交換資訊的網路。
交換資訊的網路。
07:10
Third, content.
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第三，內容。
07:12
Education is nothing without content.
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沒有內容，教育就沒有用。
07:14
And you can't pretend
to have a relationship
to have a relationship
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我們不能假裝給一個孩童一台電腦
07:16
of only a computer with a child.
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就是建立了關係。
07:18
So we create a route,
a very basic learning route,
a very basic learning route,
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所以我們創造了路徑，
非常基本的學習路徑，
非常基本的學習路徑，
07:23
where we teach people
how to use a computer,
how to use a computer,
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即：教導人們如何用電腦、
07:26
how to use the internet,
how to use office software,
how to use office software,
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如何用網際網路、
如何用 Office 軟體，
如何用 Office 軟體，
07:28
and in 72 hours,
we create digital citizens.
we create digital citizens.
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在 72 小時內，我們就
創造出了數位市民。
創造出了數位市民。
07:32
You can't pretend that people
are just going to touch a computer
are just going to touch a computer
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你不能假裝人們會自己去碰電腦，
07:35
and become digitally included,
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然後就變成是數位的一份子，
07:36
you need to have a process.
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你得要有流程。
07:38
And after this, then they can take on
a longer educational route.
a longer educational route.
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在這之後，他們可以
走更長期的教育路徑，
走更長期的教育路徑，
07:41
And then fourth, training.
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第四，教育訓練。
07:45
We need to train not only the users,
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我們要訓練的不只是使用者，
07:48
but we need to train the people
that will facilitate learning
that will facilitate learning
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也得要訓練會促進這些人學習的人。
07:51
for these people.
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當談到數位落差時，
07:52
When you're talking about
the digital divide,
the digital divide,
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人們會感到恥辱、恐懼；
07:54
people have stigmas, people have fears;
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人們不了解它如何能
補足他們的人生。
補足他們的人生。
07:56
people don't understand how
it can complement their lives.
it can complement their lives.
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所以我們會訓練促進者，
07:59
So what we do is train facilitators
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讓他們能協助打破那種數位障礙。
08:01
so that they can help
in breaking that digital barrier.
in breaking that digital barrier.
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08:06
So, we have four elements:
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所以，我們有四個元素：
08:08
we have a space that's created,
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我們有創造出來的空間，
08:10
we have a connection,
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我們有連結，
08:12
we have content and we have training.
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我們有內容，我們有教育訓練。
08:14
We have created
a digital learning community.
a digital learning community.
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所以我們創造了一個數位學習社區。
08:16
But there is one more element,
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但還有一個元素，
08:18
which is the benefits
that technology can create,
that technology can create,
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也就是科技能創造出來的利益，
08:23
because it is not printed, static content.
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因為它並非書面、靜態的內容。
08:25
It is dynamic; it is modifiable.
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它是動態的、可修改的。
08:28
So we have we do is, we provide
content, then we do training,
content, then we do training,
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我們的做法是，我們提供內容，
接著我們做教育訓練，
接著我們做教育訓練，
08:32
then we analyze the user patterns
so that we can improve content.
so that we can improve content.
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然後我們分析使用者模式，
讓我們來改善內容。
讓我們來改善內容。
08:36
So it creates a virtuous circle.
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它會創造出良性循環。
08:37
It allows us to deliver education
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它讓我們在提供教育時，
08:39
according to different
types of intelligence
types of intelligence
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能參考依據不同智能類型，
08:41
and according to different user needs.
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以及不同的使用者需求。
08:43
With this in mind,
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考量到這點，
08:46
we have to think that technology
is something that can modify
is something that can modify
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我們得要把科技視為
是可以修改的東西，
是可以修改的東西，
08:51
according to human processes.
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根據人類過程來修改。
08:53
I want to share a story.
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我想分享個故事。
08:55
In 2006, I went to live here.
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2006 年，我去住在這裡。
08:57
This is one of the poorest
communities in all of Mexico.
communities in all of Mexico.
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這是墨西哥最貧窮的社區之一。
09:01
I went to film a documentary
on the people that live off trash,
on the people that live off trash,
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我去拍攝一部紀錄片，
關於靠垃圾維生的人，
關於靠垃圾維生的人，
09:04
entirely of trash -- their houses
are built with trash,
are built with trash,
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完全靠垃圾－連房子
也是用垃圾建造的，
也是用垃圾建造的，
09:06
they eat trash, they dress in trash.
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他們吃垃圾，他們穿垃圾。
09:08
And after two months of living with them,
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和他們住了兩個月之後，
09:10
of seeing the children
and the way they work,
and the way they work,
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看到那些孩童及他們的工作方式，
09:13
I understood that the only thing
that can change
that can change
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我了解到，唯一能夠改變並
09:16
and that can break the poverty
cycle is education.
cycle is education.
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打破貧窮循環的方式，就是教育。
09:19
And we can use technology
to bring education to these communities.
to bring education to these communities.
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我們能用科技把教育帶到這些社區。
09:24
Here is another shot.
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這是另一張照片。
09:26
The main message is that technology
is not going to save the world;
is not going to save the world;
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故事的寓意是，
科技並不會拯救世界；
科技並不會拯救世界；
09:32
we are, and we can use
technology to help us.
technology to help us.
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我們才會，而我們能
用科技來協助我們。
用科技來協助我們。
09:36
I'm sure everybody here
has experienced it;
has experienced it;
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我相信在座各位都已經體會過；
09:39
what moves technology is human energy.
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推動科技的，是人類的能量。
09:41
So let's use this energy
to make the world a better place.
to make the world a better place.
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讓我們用這股能量，
來讓世界更美好。
來讓世界更美好。
09:44
Thank you.
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謝謝。
09:45
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aleph Molinari - Economist, techno-activistThrough education and technology-focused community centers, Aleph Molinari empowers the 5 billion people who cannot access or use the Internet and other technologies.
Why you should listen
Economist Aleph Molinari is working to close the digital divide and empower people by providing access to technology education. In 2008, he founded Fundación Proacceso, and in 2009 launched the Learning and Innovation network, which uses community centers to educate under-served communities about different technologies and tools. To date, the network has graduated 28,000 users through 42 educational centers throughout Mexico.
Aleph Molinari | Speaker | TED.com