TEDSummit 2019
Jon Lowenstein: Family, hope and resilience on the migrant trail
喬恩洛文斯坦: 在移民路線上的家庭、希望和韌性
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在過去二十年間，攝影師及 TED 研究會員喬恩洛文斯坦記錄下了從拉丁美洲到美國的移民旅程，這是世界歷史中最大的跨國移民之一。洛文斯分享了他那超過十年的計畫「在美國陰影下的生活」中的照片，帶我們進入逃離中美洲貧困和暴力的家庭的內在世界──並拼湊出複雜的理由，說明為什麼人們會離開自己的家園，尋找更好的生活。
Jon Lowenstein - Documentary photographer, filmmaker, visual artist
TED Fellow Jon Lowenstein is a documentary photographer, filmmaker and visual artist whose work reveals what the powers that be are trying to hide. Full bio
TED Fellow Jon Lowenstein is a documentary photographer, filmmaker and visual artist whose work reveals what the powers that be are trying to hide. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
[This talk contains graphic images]
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〔本演說含有清楚寫實的影像〕
00:16
So I'm sitting across from Pedro,
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我坐在派德羅對面，
他是人口販運的蛇頭，
00:19
the coyote, the human smuggler,
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00:21
in his cement block apartment,
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我們在他的水泥公寓中，
00:24
in a dusty Reynosa neighborhood
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在滿是灰塵的雷諾薩鄰坊，
00:26
somewhere on the US-Mexico border.
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靠近美墨邊境。
00:29
It's 3am.
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時間是早上三點。
前一天，他要我回到他的公寓。
00:31
The day before, he had asked me
to come back to his apartment.
to come back to his apartment.
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00:35
We would talk man to man.
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我們要像男人對男人般地談話。
他要我晚上獨自去那裡。
00:37
He wanted me to be there
at night and alone.
at night and alone.
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00:41
I didn't know if he was setting me up,
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我不知道他是否會設計我，
00:43
but I knew I wanted to tell his story.
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但我知道我想要說出他的故事。
00:46
He asked me, "What will you do
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他問我：「你會怎麼做？
00:48
if one of these pollitos, or migrants,
slips into the water and can't swim?
slips into the water and can't swim?
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如果其中一個移民
掉到水中且不會游泳，
掉到水中且不會游泳，
你會繼續拍照，然後看著他溺死嗎？
00:53
Will you simply take your pictures
and watch him drown?
and watch him drown?
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00:56
Or will you jump in and help me?"
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還是你會跳下水幫我？」
01:00
At that moment, Pedro wasn't a cartoonish
TV version of a human smuggler.
TV version of a human smuggler.
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那一刻，派德羅並不是電視
卡通中的那種人口販運蛇頭。
卡通中的那種人口販運蛇頭。
01:07
He was just a young man, about my age,
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他只是個年輕人，年齡和我相仿，
正在問我一些很難答的問題。
01:09
asking me some really tough questions.
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01:12
This was life and death.
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生死就在一線間。
隔天晚上，我拍攝了
派德羅游過格蘭河的畫面，
派德羅游過格蘭河的畫面，
01:14
The next night, I photographed Pedro
as he swam the Rio Grande,
as he swam the Rio Grande,
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他和一群年輕移民一起游進美國。
01:18
crossing with a group of young migrants
into the United States.
into the United States.
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01:23
Real lives hung in the balance
every time he crossed people.
every time he crossed people.
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每當他帶人渡河時，
冒的都是真實性命的危險。
冒的都是真實性命的危險。
01:28
For the last 20 years,
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在過去的二十年間，
我記錄下了世界歷史上
其中一個最大的跨國遷移，
其中一個最大的跨國遷移，
01:29
I've documented one of the largest
transnational migrations
transnational migrations
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01:33
in world history,
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01:34
which has resulted in millions
of undocumented people
of undocumented people
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結果是數百萬名
沒有合法文件的人在美國定居。
沒有合法文件的人在美國定居。
01:37
living in the United States.
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01:39
The vast majority of these people
leave Central America and Mexico
leave Central America and Mexico
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這些人大部分是要
離開中美和墨西哥，
離開中美和墨西哥，
01:43
to escape grinding poverty
and extreme levels of social violence.
and extreme levels of social violence.
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逃離極度貧困和極端的社會暴力。
01:48
I photograph intimate moments
of everyday people's lives,
of everyday people's lives,
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我拍攝記錄平凡小人物
生活中的私密時刻，
生活中的私密時刻，
那些住在陰影中的人。
01:52
of people living in the shadows.
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01:55
Time and again, I've witnessed
resilient individuals
resilient individuals
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一而再再而三，我目睹了
在極度困難的情況中
堅韌不拔的人，
堅韌不拔的人，
01:59
in extremely challenging situations
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02:02
constructing practical ways
to improve their lives.
to improve their lives.
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用實際可行的方式
來改善他們的生活。
來改善他們的生活。
02:07
With these photographs,
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透過這些照片，
我讓各位直接進入這些時刻當中，
02:08
I place you squarely in the middle
of these moments
of these moments
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請各位用假設自己
認識他們的立場來想想他們。
認識他們的立場來想想他們。
02:11
and ask you to think about them
as if you knew them.
as if you knew them.
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這些作品是歷史記錄文件，
02:14
This body of work
is a historical document,
is a historical document,
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是時間膠囊，能夠教導
我們的課題不僅是移民，
我們的課題不僅是移民，
02:17
a time capsule that can teach us
not only about migration,
not only about migration,
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02:21
but about society and ourselves.
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還有社會和我們自己。
02:25
I started the project in the year 2000.
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我從 2000 年開始這個計畫。
02:31
The migrant trail has taught me
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移民路線讓我學到
02:34
how we treat our most vulnerable
residents in the United States.
residents in the United States.
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我們是如何對待
美國最脆弱的居民。
美國最脆弱的居民。
它讓我學到暴力、痛苦、希望、
02:37
It has taught me about violence
and pain and hope and resilience
and pain and hope and resilience
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韌性、掙扎，和犧牲。
02:43
and struggle and sacrifice.
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02:45
It has taught me firsthand
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它讓我親身學到
02:47
that rhetoric and political policy
directly impact real people.
directly impact real people.
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辭令政策和政治政策
會直接影響到真實的人。
會直接影響到真實的人。
02:52
And most of all,
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最重要的，
02:55
the migrant trail has taught me
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移民路線讓我學到
02:57
that everyone who embarks on it
is changed forever.
is changed forever.
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走過這條路的每個人
都從此改變了。
都從此改變了。
03:01
I began this project in the year 2000
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我從 2000 年開始這個計畫，
在芝加哥西北區記錄
一群臨時工的生活。
一群臨時工的生活。
03:04
by documenting a group of day laborers
on Chicago’s Northwest side.
on Chicago’s Northwest side.
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03:09
Each day, the men would wake up at 5am,
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每天，他們五點就要起床，
去麥當勞，站在店外，
03:12
go to a McDonald's,
where they would stand outside
where they would stand outside
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等著跳上陌生人的工作小貨車，
03:14
and wait to jump
into strangers' work vans,
into strangers' work vans,
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03:17
in the hopes of finding a job for the day.
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希望能找到那天的工作。
03:19
They earned five dollars an hour,
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他們的時薪是五美元，
03:22
had no job security, no health insurance
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沒有工作安全保障，
沒有健康保險，
沒有健康保險，
03:24
and were almost all undocumented.
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幾乎都是沒有合法文件的人。
03:27
The men were all pretty tough.
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這些人都很強悍。
03:31
They had to be.
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他們必須強悍。
警方卻常騷擾他們，
說他們意圖不軌在外遊盪，
說他們意圖不軌在外遊盪，
03:32
The police constantly
harassed them for loitering,
harassed them for loitering,
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而他們只是每天努力討生活。
03:35
as they made their way each day.
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03:38
Slowly, they welcomed me
into their community.
into their community.
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慢慢地，他們歡迎我
進入他們的社區。
進入他們的社區。
這是我最初開始有意識地
用我的照相機來當作武器。
用我的照相機來當作武器。
03:40
And this was one of the first times
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03:42
that I consciously used
my camera as a weapon.
my camera as a weapon.
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03:45
One day, as the men were organizing
to make a day-labor worker center,
to make a day-labor worker center,
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有一天，當他們組織起來
要成立臨時工人中心時，
要成立臨時工人中心時，
一位叫做托馬斯的年輕人來找我，
03:50
a young man named Tomás
came up to me and asked me
came up to me and asked me
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問我之後能否留下來拍攝他。
03:53
will I stay afterwards and photograph him.
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我同意了。
03:55
So I agreed.
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當他走進空曠的爛泥地中間時，
03:56
As he walked into the middle
of the empty dirt lot,
of the empty dirt lot,
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天空中飄起了夏日細雨。
03:59
a light summer rain started to fall.
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04:03
Much to my surprise, he started
to take off his clothes. (Laughs)
to take off his clothes. (Laughs)
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讓我很意外的是，
他開始脫衣服。（笑）
他開始脫衣服。（笑）
04:07
I didn't exactly know what to do.
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我不太知道該怎麼辦。
04:10
He pointed to the sky and said,
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他指向天空，說：
「我們的身體是我們僅有的。」
04:12
"Our bodies are all we have."
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04:15
He was proud, defiant
and vulnerable, all at once.
and vulnerable, all at once.
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他的驕傲、反抗、
脆弱，全都交織在一起。
脆弱，全都交織在一起。
04:19
And this remains one of my
favorite photographs of the past 20 years.
favorite photographs of the past 20 years.
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這張照片仍是我過去二十年中
最愛的其中一張。
最愛的其中一張。
在那之後，他的話就
一直留在我腦海中。
一直留在我腦海中。
04:23
His words have stuck with me ever since.
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04:26
I met Lupe Guzmán around the same time,
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大約同時期，
我遇見了路佩古茲曼，
我遇見了路佩古茲曼，
她當時正在組織和對抗
零時工仲介機構，
零時工仲介機構，
04:29
while she was organizing
and fighting the day-labor agencies
and fighting the day-labor agencies
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這些機構在剝削她和她的同事。
04:33
which were exploiting her
and her coworkers.
and her coworkers.
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04:36
She organized small-scale protests,
sit-ins and much more.
sit-ins and much more.
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她組織了一些小規模的
抗議、靜坐等等。
抗議、靜坐等等。
04:41
She paid a high price for her activism,
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她為她的行動主義
付出很高的代價，
付出很高的代價，
因為像 Ron's 這種零時工仲介機構
04:44
because the day-labor agencies like Ron's
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會排擠她並且拒絕給她工作。
04:47
blackballed her
and refused to give her work.
and refused to give her work.
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04:51
So in order to survive,
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為了生存，
她開始在街頭賣烤玉米，
04:52
she started selling elotes,
or corn on the cob, on the street,
or corn on the cob, on the street,
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04:56
as a street vendor.
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成為了街頭小販。
現在，你仍然可以看到她
04:58
And today, you can still find her
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在販售各種口味的烤玉米
和不同的零食等等。
和不同的零食等等。
05:00
selling all types of corn
and different candies and stuff.
and different candies and stuff.
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05:04
Lupe brought me into
the inner world of her family
the inner world of her family
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路佩把我帶入她家庭的內部世界，
讓我看到移民的真正影響。
05:07
and showed me
the true impact of migration.
the true impact of migration.
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05:11
She introduced me to everyone
in her extended family,
in her extended family,
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她把我介紹給她的
大家庭中的每個人，
大家庭中的每個人，
加比、黃恩、康奇、
加瓦，每個人。
加瓦，每個人。
05:14
Gabi, Juan, Conchi, Chava, everyone.
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05:19
Her sister Remedios had married Anselmo,
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她姐姐里梅狄歐斯
嫁給了安賽爾摩，
嫁給了安賽爾摩，
他的九位手足中有八位
05:21
whose eight of nine siblings
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都是在九○年代從墨西哥
移民到芝加哥的。
移民到芝加哥的。
05:23
had migrated from Mexico
to Chicago in the nineties.
to Chicago in the nineties.
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她的許多家人都對我
打開了他們的世界，
打開了他們的世界，
05:27
So many people in her family
opened their world to me
opened their world to me
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分享他們的故事。
05:31
and shared their stories.
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05:33
Families are the heart and lifeblood
of the migrant trail.
of the migrant trail.
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移民路線的心臟和命脈就是家庭。
05:38
When these families migrate,
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當這些家庭移民時，
他們會改變、轉變社會，
05:40
they change and transform societies.
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05:44
It's rare to be able
to access so intimately
to access so intimately
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很難得有機會如此親密地進入
這些人私人的日常生活，
05:47
the intimate and day-to-day lives
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05:49
of people who, by necessity,
are closed to outsiders.
are closed to outsiders.
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他們對外來者通常
必須採取封閉的態度。
必須採取封閉的態度。
05:53
At the time,
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那時，
路佩的家人住在
「後院」的孤立世界中，
「後院」的孤立世界中，
05:54
Lupe's family lived in the insular world
of the Back of the Yards,
of the Back of the Yards,
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後院是個聯繫緊密的芝加哥街坊，
05:58
a tight-knit Chicago neighborhood,
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超過一百年來，它一直都是
06:01
which for more than 100 years
had been a portal of entry
had been a portal of entry
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近期移民進入的入口——
06:04
for recent immigrants --
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首先，來自歐洲的人，
比如我的家人，
比如我的家人，
06:07
first, from Europe, like my family,
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06:09
and more recently, from Latin America.
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近期則是來自拉丁美洲的人。
06:11
Their world was largely hidden from view.
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他們的世界大部分不會被看到。
06:14
And they call the larger,
white world outside the neighborhood
white world outside the neighborhood
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他們把街坊外面那個
更大的白人世界稱為
更大的白人世界稱為
「Gringolandia」。
06:18
"Gringolandia."
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06:21
You know, like lots of generations
moving to the Back of the Yards,
moving to the Back of the Yards,
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和許多搬入後院的世世代代一樣，
這個家庭也做了大部分人
不願意做的工作，
不願意做的工作，
06:24
the family did the thankless hidden jobs
that most people didn't want to do:
that most people didn't want to do:
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不受到注意的工作：
打掃辦公室大樓、在寒冷的
工廠中準備航班上的餐點、
工廠中準備航班上的餐點、
06:29
cleaning office buildings,
preparing airline meals in cold factories,
preparing airline meals in cold factories,
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包裝肉類、拆房子。
06:34
meat packing, demolitions.
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06:38
It was hard manual labor
for low exploitation wages.
for low exploitation wages.
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這些都是很辛苦的人工，
薪水被剝削到極低。
薪水被剝削到極低。
但，在週末，他們會一起慶祝，
06:41
But on weekends, they celebrated together,
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06:44
with backyard barbecues
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在後院烤肉、
06:47
and birthday celebrations,
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慶生，
06:49
like most working families the world over.
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就像世界上其他勞動家庭一樣。
06:52
I became an honorary family member.
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我成了榮譽家庭成員。
06:55
My nickname was "Johnny Canales,"
after the Tejano TV star.
after the Tejano TV star.
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我的小名是「強尼卡納雷斯」，
這是一位德哈諾電視明星的名字。
這是一位德哈諾電視明星的名字。
07:00
I had access to the dominant culture,
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我可以接觸主流文化，
07:02
so I was part family photographer,
part social worker
part social worker
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所以我有一部分算是家庭
攝影師、一部分是社工、
攝影師、一部分是社工、
一部分是奇怪的外來小丑，
去那裡娛樂他們。
去那裡娛樂他們。
07:06
and part strange outsider payaso clown,
who was there to amuse them.
who was there to amuse them.
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07:11
One of the most memorable
moments of this time
moments of this time
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這段時期最難忘的時刻之一，
是拍攝路佩的孫女伊麗莎白出生。
07:15
was photographing the birth
of Lupe's granddaughter, Elizabeth.
of Lupe's granddaughter, Elizabeth.
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07:20
Her two older siblings had crossed
across the Sonoran Desert,
across the Sonoran Desert,
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她兩位較年長的手足
已經穿越了索諾拉沙漠，
已經穿越了索諾拉沙漠，
07:25
being carried and pushed in strollers
into the United States.
into the United States.
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在嬰兒車中被帶進美國。
07:28
So at that time,
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所以那時，
07:30
her family allowed me
to photograph her birth.
to photograph her birth.
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她的家人允許我拍攝她出生。
07:33
And it was one of the really
coolest things
coolest things
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當護士把寶寶伊麗莎白
抱到加比的胸口時，
抱到加比的胸口時，
07:36
as the nurses placed
baby Elizabeth on Gabi's chest.
baby Elizabeth on Gabi's chest.
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那真的是酷極了。
07:41
She was the family's
first American citizen.
first American citizen.
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她是全家的第一位美國公民。
07:44
That girl is 17 today.
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現在，那個女孩十七歲了。
07:48
And I still remain
in close contact with Lupe
in close contact with Lupe
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我還和路佩及她大部分
家人保持密切聯絡。
家人保持密切聯絡。
07:51
and much of her family.
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07:54
My work is firmly rooted
in my own family's history
in my own family's history
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我的工作有著很堅固的根源，
就是我自己的家庭史，
就是我自己的家庭史，
包括流亡以及後來在美國重生。
07:58
of exile and subsequent rebirth
in the United States.
in the United States.
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08:03
My father was born
in Nazi Germany in 1934.
in Nazi Germany in 1934.
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1934 年，我父親生在納粹的德國。
08:07
Like most assimilated German Jews,
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和大部分被同化的
德國猶太人一樣，
德國猶太人一樣，
我的祖父母就只是希望
08:10
my grandparents simply hoped
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納粹德國的問題會安然過去。
08:12
that the troubles of
the Third Reich would blow over.
the Third Reich would blow over.
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08:16
But in spring of 1939,
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但 1939 年春天，
我的家庭發生了一件重要的小事。
08:18
a small but important event
happened to my family.
happened to my family.
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我爸爸需要做闌尾切除手術。
08:23
My dad needed an appendectomy.
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08:25
And because he was Jewish,
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因為他是猶太人，
08:27
not one hospital would operate on him.
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沒有醫院願意為他開刀。
08:31
The operation was carried out
on his kitchen table,
on his kitchen table,
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手術是在他的廚房桌上進行的，
在家中的廚房桌上。
08:34
on the family's kitchen table.
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08:37
Only after understanding
the discrimination they faced
the discrimination they faced
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在了解到他們所面臨的歧視之後，
我的祖父母做出了摧心裂肝的決定，
08:40
did my grandparents
make the gut-wrenching decision
make the gut-wrenching decision
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將他們的兩個孩子送去
難民兒童運動，讓他們前往英國。
難民兒童運動，讓他們前往英國。
08:43
to send their two children
on the Kindertransport bound for England.
on the Kindertransport bound for England.
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08:49
My family's survival
has informed my deep commitment
has informed my deep commitment
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我的家人能存活下來，
讓我立下很深的承諾，
讓我立下很深的承諾，
要用深刻、細微的方式
說出這個移民故事。
說出這個移民故事。
08:54
to telling this migration story
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08:56
in a deep and nuanced way.
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08:58
The past and the present
are always interconnected.
are always interconnected.
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過去和現在向來都是相互連結的。
09:03
The long-standing legacy
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美國政府干涉拉丁美洲
09:05
of the US government's
involvement in Latin America
involvement in Latin America
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所遺留下來的長久後果備受爭議，
09:08
is controversial and well-documented.
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且被清楚記錄下來。
1954 年，中情局支持
瓜地馬拉的阿本斯政變、
瓜地馬拉的阿本斯政變、
09:11
The 1954 CIA-backed coup
of Árbenz in Guatemala,
of Árbenz in Guatemala,
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伊朗門事件醜聞、
西半球安全合作學院、
西半球安全合作學院、
09:15
the Iran-Contra scandal,
the School of the Americas,
the School of the Americas,
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09:18
the murder of Archbishop Romero
on the steps of a San Salvador church
on the steps of a San Salvador church
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羅梅羅主教在聖薩爾瓦多
教堂的階梯上被謀殺，
教堂的階梯上被謀殺，
這些都是這段複雜歷史的例子，
09:22
are all examples of this complex history,
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這段歷史造成了中美洲的
不穩定和罪犯逍遙法外。
不穩定和罪犯逍遙法外。
09:25
a history which has led to instability
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09:29
and impunity in Central America.
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09:34
Luckily, the history
is not unremittingly dark.
is not unremittingly dark.
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幸運的是，這段歷史
並非一直都是黑暗的。
並非一直都是黑暗的。
09:39
The United States and Mexico
took in thousands and millions, actually,
took in thousands and millions, actually,
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七○和八○年代，美國和墨西哥
其實收容了數百萬逃離內戰的難民。
09:43
of refugees escaping the civil wars
of the 70s and 80s.
of the 70s and 80s.
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但當我在瓜地馬拉記錄移民路線時，
09:48
But by the time I was documenting
the migrant trail in Guatemala
the migrant trail in Guatemala
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09:52
in the late 2000s,
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兩千年代末期，
大部分的美國人
都和中美洲不斷增加的暴力、
都和中美洲不斷增加的暴力、
09:53
most Americans had no connection
to the increasing levels of violence,
to the increasing levels of violence,
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讓罪犯逍遙法外，及移民沒有任何關聯。
09:59
impunity and migration in Central America.
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對大部分美國公民而言，
這些事就像發生在月球上一樣。
這些事就像發生在月球上一樣。
10:02
To most US citizens,
it might as well have been the Moon.
it might as well have been the Moon.
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10:07
Over the years, I slowly pieced together
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這些年來，我慢慢地拼湊出
10:10
the complicated puzzle that stretched
from Central America through Mexico
from Central America through Mexico
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這複雜的拼圖，
從中美洲通過墨西哥
延伸到我在芝加哥的後院。
10:15
to my backyard in Chicago.
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10:18
I hit almost all the border towns --
Brownsville, Reynosa, McAllen,
Brownsville, Reynosa, McAllen,
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我幾乎去過每個邊境城鎮——
布朗斯維爾、雷諾薩、麥卡倫
布朗斯維爾、雷諾薩、麥卡倫
尤馬、加利西哥——
10:22
Yuma, Calexico --
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記錄下邊境越來越嚴重的
軍事化備戰狀態。
軍事化備戰狀態。
10:23
recording the increasing
militarization of the border.
militarization of the border.
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10:27
Each time I returned,
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我每次回來，
就會看到更多基礎建設、
更多感測器、更多柵欄、
更多感測器、更多柵欄、
10:29
there was more infrastructure,
more sensors, more fences,
more sensors, more fences,
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10:32
more Border Patrol agents
and more high-tech facilities
and more high-tech facilities
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更多邊境巡邏員、
更多高科技場所，
更多高科技場所，
10:36
with which to incarcerate
the men, women and children
the men, women and children
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那些場所是用來監禁
我們的政府所拘留的
我們的政府所拘留的
男人、女人，和孩子。
10:41
who our government detained.
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10:44
Post-9/11, it became a huge industry.
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九一一之後，監禁
變成了很大的產業。
變成了很大的產業。
10:47
I photographed the massive and historic
immigration marches in Chicago,
immigration marches in Chicago,
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我拍攝了芝加哥很有
歷史性的大型移民遊行、
歷史性的大型移民遊行、
10:52
children at detention facilities
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在拘留所的孩子，
以及反移民仇恨團體
慢慢浸透的興起，
慢慢浸透的興起，
10:54
and the slow percolating rise
of anti-immigrant hate groups,
of anti-immigrant hate groups,
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10:59
including sheriff Joe Arpaio in Arizona.
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包括亞利桑納的喬阿爾帕約。
11:03
I documented the children
in detention facilities,
in detention facilities,
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我記錄下了在拘留所的孩子、
11:08
deportation flights
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驅逐出境的班機，
及許多不同的事物。
11:10
and a lot of different things.
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11:13
I witnessed the rise
of the Mexican drug war
of the Mexican drug war
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我目擊了墨西哥毒品戰爭的興起，
11:16
and the deepening levels
of social violence in Central America.
of social violence in Central America.
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以及中美洲社會暴力日益嚴重，
11:20
I came to understand how interconnected
all these disparate elements were
all these disparate elements were
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我漸漸了解到這些迥然
不同的元素有多麼息息相關，
不同的元素有多麼息息相關，
11:25
and how interconnected we all are.
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及我們所有人有多麼息息相關。
11:27
As photographers,
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身為攝影師，
11:29
we never really know which
particular moment will stay with us
particular moment will stay with us
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我們從來不知道哪些特定的時刻
會留在我們的腦海中，
會留在我們的腦海中，
11:34
or which particular person
will be with us.
will be with us.
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或者哪些特定的人會與我們同在。
11:38
The people we photograph become
a part of our collective history.
a part of our collective history.
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3619
我們拍攝的對象，
成為我們共同歷史的一部分。
成為我們共同歷史的一部分。
葉麗卡艾斯特拉達
是一名八歲的女孩，
是一名八歲的女孩，
11:42
Jerica Estrada was a young
eight-year-old girl
eight-year-old girl
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11:45
whose memory has stayed with me.
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她的記憶留在我心中。
她父親為了養家糊口，
11:47
Her father had gone to LA in order
to work to support his family.
to work to support his family.
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5541
去了洛杉磯工作。
11:53
And like any dutiful father,
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和任何盡本分的父親一樣，
他帶著禮物返回瓜地馬拉的家。
他帶著禮物返回瓜地馬拉的家。
11:54
he returned home
to Guatemala, bearing gifts.
to Guatemala, bearing gifts.
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11:58
That weekend, he had presented
his eldest son with a motorcycle --
his eldest son with a motorcycle --
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那個週末，他給了
他的長子一台摩特車——
他的長子一台摩特車——
真的算很奢華。
12:02
a true luxury.
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12:04
As the son was driving
the father back home
the father back home
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當兒子載著父親
從一個家庭派對回家時，
從一個家庭派對回家時，
12:07
from a family party,
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12:11
a gang member rode up
and shot the dad through the back.
and shot the dad through the back.
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一位幫派成員騎車衝上去，
從後面朝他的父親開槍。
從後面朝他的父親開槍。
12:15
It was a case of mistaken identity,
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他認錯了人，
在這個國家是很常發生的狀況。
12:17
an all too common
occurrence in this country.
occurrence in this country.
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但傷害已經造成。
12:20
But the damage was done.
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1579
子彈穿過父親，擊中兒子。
12:22
The bullet passed
through the father and into the son.
through the father and into the son.
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12:27
This was not a random act of violence,
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這不是個隨機暴力行為，
12:29
but one instance of social violence
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而是社會暴力的一個例子，
12:32
in a region of the world
where this has become the norm.
where this has become the norm.
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在世界的這個區域，
這種暴力已經成了常態。
這種暴力已經成了常態。
12:36
Impunity thrives when all the state
and governmental institutions
and governmental institutions
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當國家和政府的制度
無法保護個人時，
無法保護個人時，
罪犯逍遙法外的情況就會興起。
12:40
fail to protect the individual.
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12:42
Too often, the result forces people
to leave their homes and flee
to leave their homes and flee
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通常，結果就是迫使
人們離開家園逃亡，
人們離開家園逃亡，
12:47
and take great risks in search of safety.
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為了尋求安全而冒很大的風險。
12:50
Jerica's father died
en route to the hospital.
en route to the hospital.
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葉麗卡的父親
在送往醫院途中過世。
在送往醫院途中過世。
12:53
His body had saved his son's life.
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他的身體救了他兒子的命。
12:56
As we arrived to the public hospital,
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當我們抵達公立醫院，
抵達公立醫院的大門，
12:59
to the gates of the public hospital,
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1746
我注意到有一位穿著
粉紅條紋上衣的年輕女孩在尖叫。
粉紅條紋上衣的年輕女孩在尖叫。
13:01
I noticed a young girl
in a pink striped shirt, screaming.
in a pink striped shirt, screaming.
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13:05
Nobody comforted the little girl
as she clasped her tiny hands.
as she clasped her tiny hands.
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當那個小女孩緊握著她的
小手時，沒有人安慰她。
小手時，沒有人安慰她。
13:10
She was the man's youngest daughter,
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她就是那名男子最小的女兒，
她叫做葉麗卡艾斯特拉達。
她叫做葉麗卡艾斯特拉達。
13:11
her name was Jerica Estrada.
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她哭泣、憤怒，
13:13
She cried and raged,
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1754
13:15
and nobody could do anything,
for her father was gone.
for her father was gone.
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沒有人能做什麼，
因為她父親已經走了。
因為她父親已經走了。
13:18
These days, when people ask me
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如今，如果有人問我
13:21
why young mothers
with four-month-old babies
with four-month-old babies
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3047
為什麼年輕母親會願意
帶著只有四個月大的寶寶
帶著只有四個月大的寶寶
旅行數千英里，
13:24
will travel thousands of miles,
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13:25
knowing they will likely
be imprisoned in the United States,
be imprisoned in the United States,
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3373
甚至知道他們可能在美國會被監禁，
我就會想起葉麗卡，
我會想起她和她的痛苦，
我會想起她和她的痛苦，
13:29
I remember Jerica,
and I think of her and of her pain
and I think of her and of her pain
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想起她的父親用自己的身體
救了兒子的命，
救了兒子的命，
13:33
and of her father who saved
his son's life with his own body,
his son's life with his own body,
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4740
我就會了解為了尋找
更好的人生而移民，
更好的人生而移民，
13:38
and I understand the truly human need
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2373
13:40
to migrate in search of a better life.
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背後其實有著真正的人類需求。
謝謝。
13:43
Thank you.
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13:44
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jon Lowenstein - Documentary photographer, filmmaker, visual artistTED Fellow Jon Lowenstein is a documentary photographer, filmmaker and visual artist whose work reveals what the powers that be are trying to hide.
Why you should listen
Jon Lowenstein specializes in long-term, in-depth documentary explorations that confront power, poverty and violence. Through the combination of photography, moving images, experiential writing and personal testimonials, he reveals with unsparing clarity the subjects of history denied a voice.
For the past two decades, Lowenstein has captured the experiences of undocumented Latin Americans living in the United States. "Shadow Lives USA" follows the migrant trail from Central America through Mexico and the United States in an effort to show the real stories of the men and women who make up the largest transnational migration in world history.
Jon Lowenstein | Speaker | TED.com