Scott Rickard: The beautiful math behind the world's ugliest music
Scott Rickard: The beautiful math behind the ugliest music
Scott Rickard is passionate about mathematics, music -- and educating the next generation of scientists and mathematicians. Full bio
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a motif, a musical idea,
أو موضوع، أو فكرة موسيقية،
the expectation for repetition,
or we break the repetition.
are key to beauty,
of patterns sound like,
that had no repetition whatsoever in it?
mathematical question.
that has no repetition whatsoever?
لا تحوي أي تكرار؟
out, is extremely difficult,
that we can actually do it
who was hunting for submarines.
to develop the world's perfect sonar ping
الرنين المثالي للسونار
pattern-free music.
of the talk is today.
out some sound in the water,
back, it goes down, echoes back.
ثم يذهب إلى الأعماق ويرتد.
tells you how far away it is:
ليرتد يخبرنا بالمسافة التي قطعها:
is moving toward you;
it's moving away from you.
a perfect sonar ping?
by the name of John Costas
يدعى (جون كوستاس)
expensive sonar system.
باهظ الثمن لدى البحرية.
they were using was inappropriate.
التي استخدموها لم تكن مناسبة.
like the following here.
and this is time.
they were using, a down chirp.
التي استخدموها، زقزقة منخفضة.
like shifts of itself.
two notes is the same as the second two,
مثل العلاقة بين ثانيهما،
kind of sonar ping,
of dots, but they're not.
من النقاط لكنها ليست كذلك.
the relationship between each pair of dots
بين كل زوج من النقاط
and every other pair of notes
about these patterns is unusual.
عن هذه الأنماط غير اعتيادية.
of these patterns.
shortly before his death.
قبل وفاته بوقت قليل.
working for the Navy.
up with them to size 12 --
وفكر أنه ربما هي غير موجودة
and thought maybe they don't exist
to the mathematician in the middle,
في المنتصف،
at the time, Solomon Golomb.
ويدعى (سولومون غولوم).
mathematicians of our time.
موهبة في عصرنا.
the right reference
about a repetition,
thinking about the problem.
الصيف مفكرًا في المشكلة.
of this gentleman here,
famous mathematician.
a whole branch of mathematics
called Galois field theory.
because of the way that he died.
for the honor of a young woman.
and he accepted.
of his mathematical ideas,
قائلًا: "رجاءً"-
saying "Please, please" --
هذه الأشياء في النهاية."
get published eventually."
was shot and died at age 20.
your cell phones, the internet,
هاتفك الخلوي، والإنترنت،
وأقراص الفيديو الرقمية،
of Évariste Galois,
the legacy that you leave ...
even anticipated
would be used.
was eventually published.
في نهاية المطاف.
هذه هي الرياضيات التي يحتاجها
exactly the mathematics needed
a pattern-free structure.
باستخدام نظرية الأعداد الأولية."
these patterns using prime number theory."
للقوات البحرية.
the sonar problem for the Navy.
is sufficient to solve this problem.
كافية لحل هذه المشكلة.
multiplying by the number three:
بالضرب المتكرر في الرقم ثلاثة:
than 89 which happens to be prime,
والذي يصادف أن يكون أوليًا،
until I get back below.
the entire grid, 88 by 88.
the world premiere
pattern-free piano sonata.
beautiful pieces ever written,
من أجمل المقطوعات التي كتبت،
and the famous "da na na na!" motif.
واللحن "دا نا نا نا!"
مئات المرات في السيمفونية...
of times in the symphony --
in the first movement alone
movements as well.
is so important for beauty.
as being just random notes here,
كمجرد نقاط عشوائية هنا،
لـ(بتهوفن) بنمطيتها،
in some kind of pattern,
هي ذات البنية الخالية من الأنماط.
would be these pattern-free structures.
هذه النجوم على الشبكة،
those stars on the grid,
of Arnold Schoenberg --
'40s and '50s.
وخمسينات القرن العشرين.
from tonal structure.
of the dissonance."
called "tone rows."
قبل أن يحل (كوستاس) مشكلة
before Costas solved the problem
create these structures.
premiere of the perfect ping.
في العالم للرنين المثالي.
مسطرة (غولوم) للإيقاع،
a Golomb ruler for the rhythm,
time of each pair of notes
it would be impossible to create.
that was developed 200 years ago,
التي تم تطويرها قبل 200 عام،
recently and an engineer,
this, or construct this,
the world's ugliest piece of music.
that only a mathematician could write.
لا يكتبها إلا عالم رياضيات.
piece of music, I implore you:
that you won't find it.
سيقوم (مايكل لينفيل)،
at the New World Symphony,
في أكاديمية سيمفونية العالم الجديد،
of the perfect ping.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Scott Rickard - MathematicianScott Rickard is passionate about mathematics, music -- and educating the next generation of scientists and mathematicians.
Why you should listen
Scott Rickard is a professor at University College Dublin. His interest in both music and math led him to try and solve an interesting math problem: a musical score with no pattern. He has degrees in Mathematics, Computer Science, and Electrical Engineering from MIT, and MA and PhD degrees in Applied and Computational Mathematics from Princeton.
At University College Dublin, he founded the Complex & Adaptive Systems Laboratory, where biologists, geologists, mathematicians, computer scientists, social scientists and economists work on problems that matter to people. He is also the founder of ScienceWithMe!, an online community dedicated to engaging youth through science and math.
Scott Rickard | Speaker | TED.com