Angel Hsu: How China is (and isn't) fighting pollution and climate change
انجيل هسو: كيف تحارب (ولا تحارب) الصين التلوث وتغيّر المناخ
Angel Hsu is a professor and data geek who applies data-driven methods to solve challenging environmental issues. Full bio
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sent me this photo from Ürümqi,
هذه الصورة من (أورومكي)
province in northwest China.
في شمال غرب الصين.
she couldn't believe her eyes.
using this app on her iPad,
باستخدام هذا التطبيق على (اي باد)،
the air quality was good,
she saw something much different.
رأت شيئًا مختلفًا.
in the background.
not telling the truth
failing to measure PM2.5,
الجسيمات المعلقة بقطر 2.5 μm.
went off the charts in 2012,
الجسيمات المعلقة بقطر 2.5μm في عام 2012،
once described it in a tweet,
السفارة الأمريكية في تغريدة،
على وسائل الإعلام الاجتماعية
that they were seeing this disconnect
and breathing for themselves.
of sorts in China,
to tackle its pollution problems.
على معالجة مشاكل التلوث لديها.
to become a global environmental leader.
لتصبح رائدة بيئية عالمية.
that I'll paint for you today
that are very promising,
that are more troubling
to the story at hand.
of China's green evolution
conducting fieldwork in China in 2011.
بالعمل الميداني في الصين عام 2011.
seeking answers to the question
بحثًا عن إجابة للسؤال
from the skeptical outsider:
something on the environment?
was considered too politically sensitive
بقطر 2.5μm تعتبر موضوعاً حساساً سياسياً.
was keeping it secret,
of its harmful human health effects,
لآثارها الضارة على صحة الإنسان،
greater transparency
growing evolution and awareness myself
started to market these air purifiers
في تسويق أجهزة تنقية الهواء
as the title of musical festivals.
كعنوان للمهرجانات الموسيقية.
in Shenzhen, which is in southern China,
في (شنزن) في جنوب الصين،
they're advertising a retreat from PM2.5.
عن انخفاض مستوى الجسيمات العالقة بقطر 2.5μm
breathe sub-par air.
ولكن لا تتنفس هواءً دون المستوى
Environmental Protection Bureau
named after the air quality index
the air quality data to its people.
بشكل أفضل لشعبها.
depending on the quality of air outside.
بناء على جودة الهواء بالخارج.
the mostly smiling face
called "Under the Dome."
to Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring."
ل(راشيل كارسون).
that pesticides were harming human health,
أن المبيدات الحشرية تضر بصحة الإنسان،
into the popular consciousness
to one million premature deaths
إلى مليون حالة وفاة مبكرة
views in a single weekend
some type of social unrest,
about how it could tackle
environmental problems:
electricity comes from coal.
تقريبًا باستخدام الفحم.
than any other country in the world,
أكثر من أي دولة أخرى في العالم،
that China's government
to wage a war on coal,
of coal-fired power plants.
التي تعمل بالفحم في أستراليا.
enormous investments
and renewable energy,
والطاقة الشمسية
of this transformation
to show you what I mean.
لتوضيح ما أعنيه.
when it comes to hydropower,
from hydropower alone.
من الطاقة الكهرومائية وحدها.
of the Three Gorges Dam,
power station in the world,
leader by far.
China's also leading.
فللصين الريادة في ذلك أيضًا.
of solar power.
already revised upwards
a whopping 35 gigawatts of solar power.
من الطاقة الشمسية.
of what the US has combined in total
الولايات المتحدة إجمالًا
in just seven months alone.
in solar power from space,
في الطاقة الشمسية من الفضاء،
has done in this slide.
Germany's entire electricity consumption
إجمالي استهلاك ألمانيا
largest carbon footprint.
we can see that China's coal consumption
يمكننا أن نرى أن استهلاك الفحم في الصين
as early as 2013.
why China's government announced
their 2020 carbon reduction pledge
الخاص بتخفيض الكربون عام 2020
improvements in air quality
by as much as 30 percent.
is actually leading people
than they would have in 2013.
the cities that have experienced
at the beginning of this talk,
the data are still being determined.
of pretty steady global carbon emissions,
من انبعاثات كربون عالمية ثابتة،
may be on the rise again
in China's fossil fuel consumptions,
في استهلاك الوقود الأحفوري في الصين،
that peak that I showed earlier.
التي أظهرتها في وقت سابق.
and the data are still murky
والبيانات غامضة
its coal statistics after the fact.
إحصائيات الفحم الخاصة بها بعد وقوعها.
having a debate on Twitter
whether China's carbon emissions
انبعاثات الكربون في الصين
they're staying relatively stable.
a rapidly developing country.
with a range of policies,
sustainable transport solution.
of this bicycle graveyard
coal is still king in China,
what China is doing on the environment?
بما تفعله الصين في البيئة؟
on the environment
for the rest of us.
as far away as those in North America.
مثل أمريكا الشمالية.
infrastructure, technology abroad.
والبنية التحتية والتكنولوجيا إلى الخارج.
the One Belt, One Road Initiative,
مبادرة حزام واحد، طريق واحد،
infrastructure investment project
في البنية التحتية بقيمة تريليون دولار
these infrastructure investments abroad,
في البنية التحتية بالخارج،
a Chinese civil society group,
وهو مجموعة اجتماعية مدنية صينية،
than 240 coal-fired power plants
من 240 محطة طاقة تعمل بالفحم
One Road Initiative.
own domestic coal-fired capacity
الصين المحلية من الفحم
China is cleaning up at home,
من أن الصين تنظف في الداخل،
simply don't have a passport.
لا تحتاج إلى جواز سفر.
to evaluate this question
is actually leading,
very much an open debate.
and the outlook is not good.
between current policies
to avoid dangerous climate change.
إذا أردنا تفادي تغيرات المناخ الخطيرة.
from the US, for example.
announced its intent
the Paris Climate Agreement,
to fill that leadership void.
لملء هذه القيادة الشاغرة.
environmental future.
is not just good for the environment,
ليست فقط جيدة للبيئة،
by reducing air pollution.
بالحد من تلوث الهواء.
for 30 percent of the global growth
عن 30 بالمئة من النمو العالمي
foggy air quality statistics
المظلمة الضبابية عن جودة الهواء،
of China's clean energy.
عن الطاقة النظيفة في الصين.
is headed in the right direction,
تسير في الاتجاه الصحيح،
a very long road ahead.
Is seeing believing?
air quality is coming down
is actually having an effect?
at some of the latest satellite images
من الأقمار الصناعية
very closely at this image.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Angel Hsu - Environmental data scientistAngel Hsu is a professor and data geek who applies data-driven methods to solve challenging environmental issues.
Why you should listen
Angel Hsu is a professor, researcher, writer and speaker who spends much of her time analyzing large datasets to develop policy solutions to the world's most pressing environmental problems, such as climate change and air pollution. As she writes: "I work between the push and pull of data science and public policy, and this passion drives me to explore how new technologies, analytical techniques and communication strategies can improve governance and lead to better environmental outcomes in rapidly developing countries like China."
Hsu is jointly appointed at Yale-NUS in Singapore at Yale's School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. She founded and directed Data-Driven Yale, an international team of interdisciplinary researchers, scientists, programmers and visual designers. Under her direction, Data-Driven Yale works collaboratively with scholars and practitioners around the world to collect, transform and communicate information, creating new knowledge and policy tools designed to make the world greener and healthier. Her work has been published in scientific journals like Nature and Nature Climate Change and featured in media like The Economist and the New York Times.
Angel Hsu | Speaker | TED.com