Angel Hsu: How China is (and isn't) fighting pollution and climate change
エンジェル・スー: 中国の公害や気候変動との戦い—その真相やいかに
Angel Hsu is a professor and data geek who applies data-driven methods to solve challenging environmental issues. Full bio
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sent me this photo from Ürümqi,
この写真を送ってきました
province in northwest China.
新疆ウイグル自治区の主都です
she couldn't believe her eyes.
友人は自分の目を信じられませんでした
using this app on her iPad,
チェックしてみると
the air quality was good,
目に映る状況は全く違っていました
she saw something much different.
in the background.
目に映り 吸っている空気の状態を
not telling the truth
failing to measure PM2.5,
微小粒子状物質を
went off the charts in 2012,
once described it in a tweet,
「常軌を逸した汚染」とツイートし
that they were seeing this disconnect
and breathing for themselves.
疑問を投げかけ始めました
of sorts in China,
to tackle its pollution problems.
取り組まざるをえなくなりました
to become a global environmental leader.
機会を得ているのです
that I'll paint for you today
that are very promising,
that are more troubling
to the story at hand.
of China's green evolution
目にするようになったのは
conducting fieldwork in China in 2011.
していた2011年頃でした
seeking answers to the question
中国全土を渡り歩いていました
from the skeptical outsider:
懐疑的な視点で抱いた疑問です
something on the environment?
取り組んでるっての?
政治的にデリケートな問題とされており
was considered too politically sensitive
was keeping it secret,
of its harmful human health effects,
健康被害に対する関心が高まり
greater transparency
growing evolution and awareness myself
started to market these air purifiers
有害なPM2.5を除去する
as the title of musical festivals.
タイトルに付けたりもしました
in Shenzhen, which is in southern China,
ゴルフ場に行った時のことですが
they're advertising a retreat from PM2.5.
宣伝文句が書かれていました
breathe sub-par air.
平均以下の空気は禁物だと
Environmental Protection Bureau
named after the air quality index
マスコットを作ることにしました
the air quality data to its people.
より広く周知させることが目的です
depending on the quality of air outside.
マスコットの表情と髪の色が変わるのです
the mostly smiling face
彼女は上海の大気の状態を伝える
called "Under the Dome."
ドキュメンタリーを制作しました
to Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring."
なぞらえたもので
that pesticides were harming human health,
人々の目を向けさせましたが
into the popular consciousness
大気汚染によって 中国国内だけでも
to one million premature deaths
views in a single weekend
1億回以上 再生されました
some type of social unrest,
about how it could tackle
environmental problems:
考え始めたのです
electricity comes from coal.
than any other country in the world,
石炭火力発電所があり
that China's government
to wage a war on coal,
徹底的な対策を開始しました
of coal-fired power plants.
石炭火力発電所の建設を中止しました
enormous investments
再生可能エネルギーに対し
and renewable energy,
of this transformation
to show you what I mean.
このことを説明させてください
when it comes to hydropower,
中国は世界最大です
全ての中国人民が
from hydropower alone.
電力を賄えます
of the Three Gorges Dam,
聞いたことがあるかもしれません
power station in the world,
leader by far.
China's also leading.
中国はここでもトップです
太陽光発電設備の設置という
of solar power.
あっという間に達成してしまいました
already revised upwards
a whopping 35 gigawatts of solar power.
途方もない太陽光発電設備を設置できました
of what the US has combined in total
半分以上に相当します
in just seven months alone.
達成したのです
宇宙からも確認できます
in solar power from space,
has done in this slide.
SpaceKnow が可視化したものです
Germany's entire electricity consumption
風力と太陽光の発電量だけで
対する取り組みが
largest carbon footprint.
カーボンフットプリントを持つ国です
中国の石炭の消費量は
we can see that China's coal consumption
可能性があります
as early as 2013.
why China's government announced
中国政府は主張しています
their 2020 carbon reduction pledge
CO2削減目標を
improvements in air quality
by as much as 30 percent.
is actually leading people
than they would have in 2013.
平均寿命が2年半伸びました
the cities that have experienced
at the beginning of this talk,
the data are still being determined.
言えないからです
of pretty steady global carbon emissions,
約3年間を経て
may be on the rise again
in China's fossil fuel consumptions,
起因するとされました
that peak that I showed earlier.
まだ迎えてないかもしれません
and the data are still murky
未だに不確かです
its coal statistics after the fact.
後から改定しているからです
having a debate on Twitter
私はTwitterで
whether China's carbon emissions
増加中なのか減少中なのか
they're staying relatively stable.
論争を続けているんですから
a rapidly developing country.
中国はまだ急速に発展中の国であり
with a range of policies,
sustainable transport solution.
もてはやされましたが
of this bicycle graveyard
自転車廃棄所の写真からは
coal is still king in China,
what China is doing on the environment?
注目する必要があるのでしょう
on the environment
for the rest of us.
影響を与えるからです
as far away as those in North America.
影響を与えるのです
大気汚染だけではありません
infrastructure, technology abroad.
the One Belt, One Road Initiative,
「一帯一路」構想を提唱しました
infrastructure investment project
インフラ投資プロジェクトであり
these infrastructure investments abroad,
a Chinese civil society group,
GEI(地球環境研究所)が調べたところ
than 240 coal-fired power plants
石炭火力発電所に
One Road Initiative.
4分の1以上に相当する量を
own domestic coal-fired capacity
China is cleaning up at home,
中国は国内をきれいにしながら
輸出しているという事実です
輸出しているという事実です
simply don't have a passport.
という問いに答えるには
to evaluate this question
is actually leading,
という問いに答えるには
very much an open debate.
and the outlook is not good.
将来の見通しは明るくありません
between current policies
to avoid dangerous climate change.
from the US, for example.
announced its intent
離脱する意思を表明しました
the Paris Climate Agreement,
to fill that leadership void.
不在を埋めることを期待しています
environmental future.
is not just good for the environment,
環境に良いだけではありません
by reducing air pollution.
命を救うことができるし
for 30 percent of the global growth
30%に貢献しています
foggy air quality statistics
すっきり晴れ渡ったものになることを願います
of China's clean energy.
is headed in the right direction,
a very long road ahead.
みんな知っています
Is seeing believing?
自分の目を信じられますか
air quality is coming down
is actually having an effect?
といったデータのことです
at some of the latest satellite images
very closely at this image.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Angel Hsu - Environmental data scientistAngel Hsu is a professor and data geek who applies data-driven methods to solve challenging environmental issues.
Why you should listen
Angel Hsu is a professor, researcher, writer and speaker who spends much of her time analyzing large datasets to develop policy solutions to the world's most pressing environmental problems, such as climate change and air pollution. As she writes: "I work between the push and pull of data science and public policy, and this passion drives me to explore how new technologies, analytical techniques and communication strategies can improve governance and lead to better environmental outcomes in rapidly developing countries like China."
Hsu is jointly appointed at Yale-NUS in Singapore at Yale's School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. She founded and directed Data-Driven Yale, an international team of interdisciplinary researchers, scientists, programmers and visual designers. Under her direction, Data-Driven Yale works collaboratively with scholars and practitioners around the world to collect, transform and communicate information, creating new knowledge and policy tools designed to make the world greener and healthier. Her work has been published in scientific journals like Nature and Nature Climate Change and featured in media like The Economist and the New York Times.
Angel Hsu | Speaker | TED.com