Angel Hsu: How China is (and isn't) fighting pollution and climate change
徐安琪: 中國對抗污染和氣候變遷的所作所為(和不為)
Angel Hsu is a professor and data geek who applies data-driven methods to solve challenging environmental issues. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
sent me this photo from Ürümqi,
傳了這張照片給我,
province in northwest China.
新疆省的首都。
she couldn't believe her eyes.
相信她所看見的。
using this app on her iPad,
來確認外面的空氣品質,
the air quality was good,
she saw something much different.
她看到的景象完全不同。
in the background.
not telling the truth
failing to measure PM2.5,
went off the charts in 2012,
PM2.5 的值高到破表,
once described it in a tweet,
「糟到不可思議」來形容,
that they were seeing this disconnect
會有這種落差出現,
和他們親眼見到、
and breathing for themselves.
of sorts in China,
to tackle its pollution problems.
to become a global environmental leader.
成為全球的環境領袖。
that I'll paint for you today
that are very promising,
that are more troubling
to the story at hand.
of China's green evolution
在中國進行實地研究,
conducting fieldwork in China in 2011.
中國綠色進化的開端。
seeking answers to the question
尋求一些問題的答案,
from the skeptical outsider:
something on the environment?
那是什麼意思?
was considered too politically sensitive
被認為政治敏感性太高,
was keeping it secret,
of its harmful human health effects,
人類健康具有有害的影響,
greater transparency
growing evolution and awareness myself
在中國各地都出現了進化
started to market these air purifiers
行銷各種空氣淨化機,
as the title of musical festivals.
當作音樂節的標題。
in Shenzhen, which is in southern China,
課程,深圳在中國南部,
they're advertising a retreat from PM2.5.
宣稱此區是 PM2.5 的避難所。
breathe sub-par air.
但呼吸的空氣不能低於標準。
Environmental Protection Bureau
named after the air quality index
以空氣品質指標(AQI)命名,
the air quality data to its people.
和人民做更好的溝通。
depending on the quality of air outside.
外面的空氣品質而改變。
the mostly smiling face
大部分時候都是笑臉,
called "Under the Dome."
to Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring."
《寂靜的春天》。
that pesticides were harming human health,
在傷害人類健康的事實,
into the popular consciousness
to one million premature deaths
views in a single weekend
就超過一億人次,
some type of social unrest,
about how it could tackle
environmental problems:
electricity comes from coal.
than any other country in the world,
比世界上任何國家都多,
that China's government
to wage a war on coal,
of coal-fired power plants.
澳洲整體發電量的燃煤發電廠。
enormous investments
and renewable energy,
of this transformation
to show you what I mean.
來說明我的意思。
when it comes to hydropower,
from hydropower alone.
兩個家庭一年份的電力。
of the Three Gorges Dam,
power station in the world,
leader by far.
China's also leading.
達到了 2020 年的目標,
of solar power.
already revised upwards
向上修正其太陽能目標。
a whopping 35 gigawatts of solar power.
350 億瓦太陽能電力。
of what the US has combined in total
in just seven months alone.
in solar power from space,
中國在太陽能上的驚人成長,
has done in this slide.
是新公司 SpaceKnow 所做的。
Germany's entire electricity consumption
光靠風力和太陽能發電,
largest carbon footprint.
we can see that China's coal consumption
發現中國的煤消耗量
as early as 2013.
就已經達到高峰。
why China's government announced
讓中國政府宣佈
their 2020 carbon reduction pledge
2020 年的碳減量誓言,
improvements in air quality
by as much as 30 percent.
is actually leading people
than they would have in 2013.
多出 2.4 年的壽命。
the cities that have experienced
at the beginning of this talk,
我在演講一開頭說的,
the data are still being determined.
of pretty steady global carbon emissions,
維持了大約三年之後,
may be on the rise again
in China's fossil fuel consumptions,
對化石燃料的消耗增加,
that peak that I showed earlier.
我先前所呈現的高峰。
and the data are still murky
和資料都仍然很模糊,
its coal statistics after the fact.
修正它對煤的相關統計數字。
having a debate on Twitter
whether China's carbon emissions
they're staying relatively stable.
或一直維持相對的穩定。
a rapidly developing country.
快速發展中的國家。
with a range of policies,
sustainable transport solution.
一個可能解決方案。
of this bicycle graveyard
這種自行車墳場的景像,
coal is still king in China,
what China is doing on the environment?
中國對環境做了什麼?
on the environment
for the rest of us.
可能會有全球性的意涵。
as far away as those in North America.
infrastructure, technology abroad.
技術出口到國外。
the One Belt, One Road Initiative,
宣佈了「一帶一路」計畫,
infrastructure investment project
基礎設施投資專案,
these infrastructure investments abroad,
這類基礎設施投資,
a Chinese civil society group,
中國的公民社會團體,
than 240 coal-fired power plants
超過 240 座燃煤發電廠,
One Road Initiative.
own domestic coal-fired capacity
燃煤發電量有四分之一
China is cleaning up at home,
simply don't have a passport.
to evaluate this question
中國是否有確實地
is actually leading,
very much an open debate.
沒有確定的答案。
and the outlook is not good.
前景並不樂觀。
between current policies
to avoid dangerous climate change.
from the US, for example.
announced its intent
the Paris Climate Agreement,
to fill that leadership void.
來補上這個領導的空缺。
environmental future.
is not just good for the environment,
乾淨能源不只是對環境很好,
by reducing air pollution.
for 30 percent of the global growth
foggy air quality statistics
of China's clean energy.
中國的乾淨能源狀況。
is headed in the right direction,
a very long road ahead.
Is seeing believing?
眼見就為實嗎?
資料和統計數字所顯示的
air quality is coming down
is actually having an effect?
at some of the latest satellite images
very closely at this image.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Angel Hsu - Environmental data scientistAngel Hsu is a professor and data geek who applies data-driven methods to solve challenging environmental issues.
Why you should listen
Angel Hsu is a professor, researcher, writer and speaker who spends much of her time analyzing large datasets to develop policy solutions to the world's most pressing environmental problems, such as climate change and air pollution. As she writes: "I work between the push and pull of data science and public policy, and this passion drives me to explore how new technologies, analytical techniques and communication strategies can improve governance and lead to better environmental outcomes in rapidly developing countries like China."
Hsu is jointly appointed at Yale-NUS in Singapore at Yale's School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. She founded and directed Data-Driven Yale, an international team of interdisciplinary researchers, scientists, programmers and visual designers. Under her direction, Data-Driven Yale works collaboratively with scholars and practitioners around the world to collect, transform and communicate information, creating new knowledge and policy tools designed to make the world greener and healthier. Her work has been published in scientific journals like Nature and Nature Climate Change and featured in media like The Economist and the New York Times.
Angel Hsu | Speaker | TED.com