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Erik Schlangen: A "self-healing" asphalt
Erik Schlangen: En "selv-helende" asfalt
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Asfalterede veje er pæne at kigge på, men de bliver nemt ødelagt og bekostelige at reparere. Erik Schlangen demonstrerer en ny type porøs asfalt lavet af simple materialer med en forbløffende egenskab: Når den slår revner, kan den "heles" af induktions opvarmning. (Filmet ved TEDxDelft.)
Erik Schlangen - Experimental micromechanics pioneer
Erik Schlangen is a civil engineer and pioneer of experimental micromechanics, who focuses on making industrial materials more durable. Full bio
Erik Schlangen is a civil engineer and pioneer of experimental micromechanics, who focuses on making industrial materials more durable. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:53
(Hammer)
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(Hammer)
00:59
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
01:19
(Microwave beeps) (Laughter)
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(Mikroovn bipper) (Latter)
01:31
You probably all agree with me
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I er sikkert alle enige med mig i
01:33
that this is a very nice road.
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at dette er en meget fin vej.
01:36
It's made of asphalt,
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Den er lavet af asfalt,
01:38
and asphalt is a very nice material to drive on,
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og asfalt er et meget fint materiale at køre på,
01:41
but not always, especially not on these days as today,
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men ikke altid, specielt ikke på dage som i dag,
01:45
when it's raining a lot.
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når det regner meget.
01:47
Then you can have a lot of splash water in the asphalt.
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Så kan man have mange vandpytter på asfalten.
01:50
And especially if you then ride with your bicycle,
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Og specielt hvis man så kører på sin cykel,
01:53
and pass these cars, then that's not very nice.
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og passerer disse biler, så er det ikke særlig rart.
01:56
Also, asphalt can create a lot of noise.
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Og så kan asfalt skabe meget støj.
02:00
It's a noisy material,
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Det er et meget støjende materiale,
02:01
and if we produce roads like in the Netherlands,
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og hvis vi producerer veje som i Holland,
02:04
very close to cities, then we would like a silent road.
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meget tæt på byerne, så vil vi gerne have en stille vej.
02:08
The solution for that is to make roads
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Løsningen på dette er at lave veje
02:11
out of porous asphalt.
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af porøs asfalt.
02:13
Porous asphalt, a material that we use now
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Porøs asfalt, et materiale vi nu bruger
02:15
in most of the highways in the Netherlands,
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i de fleste motorveje i Holland,
02:18
it has pores and water can just rain through it,
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der er porer i og vandet kan regne lige igennem det,
02:22
so all the rainwater will flow away to the sides,
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så al regnvandet vil flyde væk til siderne,
02:25
and you have a road that's easy to drive on,
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og man har en vej der er nem at køre på,
02:27
so no splash water anymore.
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så der er ikke vandpytter mere.
02:29
Also the noise will disappear in these pores.
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Støjen vil også forsvinde ned i disse porer.
02:32
Because it's very hollow, all the noise will disappear,
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Fordi det er meget hult, vil al støjen forsvinde,
02:35
so it's a very silent road.
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så det er en meget stille vej.
02:37
It also has disadvantages, of course,
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Det har også ulemper, selvfølgelig,
02:41
and the disadvantage of this road is that raveling can occur.
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og ulempen ved denne vej er at der kan ske optrevling.
02:45
What is raveling? You see that in this road
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Hvad er optrevling? Man kan se at på denne vej
02:48
that the stones at the surface come off.
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at stenene i overfladen begynder at give slip.
02:51
First you get one stone, then several more,
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Først er det en sten, og så adskillige derefter,
02:56
and more and more and more and more,
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og flere og flere og flere og flere,
02:58
and then they -- well, I will not do that. (Laughter)
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og så vil de -- jamen, det vil jeg ikke gøre. (Latter)
03:01
But they can damage your windshield,
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Men de kan beskadige ens forrude,
03:04
so you're not happy with that.
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så det er man ikke glad for.
03:06
And finally, this raveling can also lead to more and more damage.
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Og til slut, denne optrevling kan også lede til flere og flere skader.
03:10
Sometimes you can create potholes with that.
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Nogle gange skaber man huller i vejen med det.
03:12
Ha. He's ready.
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Ha. Han er klar.
03:17
Potholes, of course, that can become a problem,
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Huller i vejen kan, selvfølgelig, blive et problem,
03:20
but we have a solution.
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men vi har en løsning.
03:21
Here you see actually how the damage appears in this material.
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Her ser man faktisk hvordan skaden opstår i dette materiale.
03:24
It's a porous asphalt, like I said, so you have only
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Det er porøs asfalt, som jeg sagde, så man har kun
03:26
a small amount of binder between the stones.
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en lille mængde bindemiddel mellem stenene.
03:29
Due to weathering, due to U.V. light, due to oxidation,
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På grund af vejret, på grund af u.v. lyset, på grund af oxidering,
03:33
this binder, this bitumen,
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dette bindemiddel, dette bitumen,
03:35
the glue between the aggregates is going to shrink,
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limen mellem elementerne kommer til at krympe,
03:38
and if it shrinks, it gets micro-cracks,
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og hvis det krymper, kommer der bittesmå revner,
03:40
and it delaminates from the aggregates.
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og det delaminerer fra helheden.
03:42
Then if you drive over the road, you take out the aggregates --
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Når man så kører på vejen, tager man helheden ud --
03:44
what we just saw here.
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det vi lige så her.
03:47
To solve this problem, we thought of self-healing materials.
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For at løse dette problem, tænkte vi på selvhelende materialer.
03:51
If we can make this material self-healing,
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Hvis vi kan gøre dette materiale selvhelende,
03:54
then probably we have a solution.
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så har vi muligvis en løsning.
03:57
So what we can do is use steel wool just to clean pans,
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Så det vi kan gøre er at bruge ståluld, som det vi bruger til at rense pander med,
04:01
and the steel wool we can cut in very small pieces,
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og stålulden kan vi skære i meget små stykker,
04:05
and these very small pieces we can mix to the bitumen.
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og disse meget små stykker kan vi blande ind i bitumen.
04:09
So then you have asphalt
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Og så har man asfalt
04:11
with very small pieces of steel wool in it.
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med meget små stykker ståluld i.
04:14
Then you need a machine, like you see here,
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Så har man brug for en maskine, ligesom I kan se her,
04:16
that you can use for cooking -- an induction machine.
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som man bruger til madlavning -- en induktions maskine.
04:20
Induction can heat, especially steel; it's very good at that.
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Induktion kan varme, især stål; det er det rigtig godt til.
04:24
Then what you do is you heat up the steel,
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Det man så gør er at man opvarmer stålet,
04:26
you melt the bitumen,
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man smelter bitumen,
04:28
and the bitumen will flow into these micro-cracks,
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og bitumen flyder ned i disse mikro revner,
04:30
and the stones are again fixed to the surface.
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og stenene sidder igen fast i overfladen.
04:34
Today I use a microwave because I cannot take
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I dag bruger jeg en mikroovn, fordi jeg ikke kan tage
04:38
the big induction machine here onstage.
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den store induktions maskine med op på scenen.
04:40
So a microwave is a similar system.
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Men en mikroovn er et lignende system.
04:43
So I put the specimen in, which I'm now going to take out
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Så jeg lægger prøven ind, som jeg nu tager ud
04:46
to see what happened.
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for at se hvad hvad der skete.
04:50
So this is the specimen coming out now.
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Så dette er prøven der nu kommer ud.
04:52
So I said we have such an industrial machine in the lab
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Jeg sagde at vi har sådan en industriel maskine i laboratoriet
04:56
to heat up the specimens.
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til at varme prøverne med.
04:59
We tested a lot of specimens there,
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Vi testede mange prøver der,
05:01
and then the government, they actually saw our results,
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og regeringen, de så faktisk vores resultater,
05:04
and they thought, "Well, that's very interesting. We have to try that."
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og de tænkte, "Jamen, det er meget interessant. Det skal vi prøve."
05:08
So they donated to us a piece of highway,
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Så de donerede et stykke motorvej til os,
05:10
400 meters of the A58, where we had to make
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400 meter af A58, hvor vi skulle lave
05:14
a test track to test this material.
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et test vejstykke for at teste dette materiale.
05:16
So that's what we did here. You see where we were making the test road,
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Så det er det vi gjorde her. Man kan se hvor vi lavede test vejen,
05:20
and then of course this road will last several years
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og så vil denne vej selvfølgelig holde i adskillige år
05:24
without any damage. That's what we know from practice.
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uden nogen skader. Det er det vi ved fra praksis.
05:28
So we took a lot of samples from this road
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Så vi tog mange prøver af denne vej
05:30
and we tested them in the lab.
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og vi testede dem i laboratoriet.
05:33
So we did aging on the samples,
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Vi aldrede prøverne,
05:36
did a lot of loading on it, healed them with our induction machine,
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vi belastede dem meget, helede dem med vores induktionsmaskine,
05:39
and healed them and tested them again.
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og helede dem og testede dem igen.
05:42
Several times we can repeat that.
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Det gentog vi adskillige gange.
05:44
So actually, the conclusion from this research is that
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Så faktisk, konklusionen af denne forskning er at
05:46
if we go on the road every four years
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hvis vi tager ud på vejen hvert fjerde år
05:49
with our healing machine -- this is the big version
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med vores maskine -- denne meget store version
05:52
we have made to go on the real road --
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vi har lavet til at tage med ud på vejen --
05:54
if we go on the road every four years
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hvis vi tager ud på vejen hvert fjerde år
05:56
we can double the surface life of this road,
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kan vi fordoble levetiden på vejens overflade,
06:00
which of course saves a lot of money.
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hvilket selvfølgelig sparer en masse penge.
06:02
Well, to conclude, I can say
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Jamen, til slut, kan jeg sige
06:04
that we made a material
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at vi lavede et materiale
06:07
using steel fibers, the addition of steel fibers,
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ved at bruge stålfibre, tilføjelsen af stålfibre,
06:11
using induction energy to really
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ved at bruge induktions varme til virkelig
06:13
increase the surface life of the road,
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at forøge vejens overflades levetid,
06:16
double the surface life you can even do,
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man kan endda fordoble overfladens levetid,
06:18
so it will really save a lot of money with very simple tricks.
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så det vil virkelig spare mange penge med meget simple tricks.
06:21
And now you're of course curious if it also worked.
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Og nu er I selvfølgelig også nysgerrige efter om det virkede.
06:25
So we still have the specimen here. It's quite warm.
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Så vi har stadig en prøve her. Den er temmelig varm.
06:28
Actually, it still has to cool down first
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Faktisk, den skal stadig køle ned først
06:30
before I can show you that the healing works.
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inden jeg kan vise jer at helingen virker.
06:33
But I will do a trial.
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Men jeg vil lave et forsøg.
06:36
Let's see. Yeah, it worked.
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Lad os se. Ja, det virkede.
06:38
Thank you.
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Tak.
06:40
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Erik Schlangen - Experimental micromechanics pioneerErik Schlangen is a civil engineer and pioneer of experimental micromechanics, who focuses on making industrial materials more durable.
Why you should listen
Erik Schlangen is a Civil Engineering professor at Delft University of Technology and the Chair of Experimental Micromechanics. His areas of research include durability mechanics and "self-healing" materials, like the asphalt and concrete he and his team have developed that can be repaired with induction. This special asphalt is made with tiny steel wool fibers, which, when heated with induction, extends the life of the material. Currently Schlangen and his team are testing the asphalt on the A58 road near Vilssingen in the Netherlands, with the hope that it can be used in future roads all over the country.
Erik Schlangen | Speaker | TED.com