TEDGlobal 2009
Marc Koska: 1.3m reasons to re-invent the syringe
Marc Koska: 1,3 millioner grunde til at gen-opfinde injektionssprøjten.
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Genanvendelse af sprøjter, hvilket er alt for almindeligt på underfinansierede klinikker, slår 1,3 millioner mennesker ihjel årligt. Marc Koska forklarer os om dette rystende, globale problem med fakta, billeder og skjulte kameraoptagelser. Han deler endvidere sin løsning: En billig sprøjte som ikke kan bruges to gange.
Marc Koska - Inventor
Marc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics. Full bio
Marc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
Twenty-five-and-a-quarter years ago I read
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For femogtyve-og-et-kvart år siden læste jeg
00:20
a newspaper article which said
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en avisartikel, som sagde,
00:22
that one day syringes would be
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at en dag ville sprøjter være
00:25
one of the major causes of the spread of AIDS,
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en af de største årsager til spredningen af AIDS,
00:27
the transmission of AIDS.
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overførslen af AIDS.
00:29
I thought this was unacceptable. So I decided to do something about it.
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Jeg syntes, at dette var uacceptabelt. Så jeg besluttede at gøre noget ved det.
00:33
Sadly, it's come true. Malaria, as we all know,
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Desværre er det blevet til virkelighed. Malaria, som vi alle ved,
00:36
kills approximately one million people a year.
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slår omkring en million mennesker ihjel årligt.
00:39
The reuse of syringes now exceeds that
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Genbrugen af sprøjter overgår nu dette
00:41
and kills 1.3 million people a year.
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og slår 1,3 millioner mennesker ihjel årligt.
00:46
This young girl and her friend
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Denne unge pige og hendes ven,
00:48
that I met in an orphanage in Delhi
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som jeg mødte på et børnehjem i Delhi,
00:50
were HIV positive from a syringe.
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var HIV-positive på grund af en sprøjte.
00:55
And what was so sad about this particular story
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Og det der var så trist ved netop denne historie var,
00:58
was that once their parents had found out --
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at da deres forældre fandt ud af det,
01:01
and don't forget, their parents took them to the doctor --
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og glem ikke, at deres forældre tog dem til lægen,
01:05
the parents threw them out on the street.
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smed forældrene dem på gaden.
01:07
And hence they ended up in an orphanage.
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Derfor endte de på et børnehjem.
01:10
And it comes from situations like this where
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Og det sker netop i sådanne tilfælde,
01:12
you have either skilled or unskilled practitioners,
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hvor man enten har faglærte eller ufaglærte folk,
01:15
blindly giving an injection to someone.
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som blindt giver andre indsprøjtninger.
01:18
And the injection is so valuable,
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Og indsprøjtningen er så værdifuld,
01:21
that the people basically trust
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at folk rent faktisk stoler på, at lægen,
01:23
the doctor, being second to God, which I've heard many times,
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som ses som værende Guds højre hånd, hvilket jeg har hørt ofte,
01:26
to do the right thing. But in fact they're not.
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gør det rigtige. Men det gør de ikke.
01:29
And you can understand, obviously, the transmission problem
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Og man forstår selvfølgelig godt problemet ved overførsler
01:31
between people in high-virus areas.
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mellem mennesker i områder med høj udbredelse af vira.
01:35
This video we took undercover,
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Vi optog denne video hemmeligt,
01:37
which shows you, over a half an hour period,
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som på en periode på en halv timer viser,
01:39
a tray of medicines of 42 vials,
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en bakke med 42 injektionsflasker,
01:43
which are being delivered with only 2 syringes in a public hospital in India.
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som gives med kun 2 sprøjter på et offentligt hospital i Indien.
01:48
And over the course of half an hour, not one syringe
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Og i løbet af den halve time, filmes ikke én eneste
01:50
was filmed being unwrapped.
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sprøjte blive pakket ud.
01:52
They started with two and they ended with two.
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De startede med at have to og endte med at have to.
01:55
And you'll see, just now, a nurse coming back to the tray,
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Og det ses nu, at en sygeplejerske kommer tilbage til bakken,
01:58
which is their sort of modular station,
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som er deres svar på en modulær base,
02:01
and dropping the syringe she's just used
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og smider en sprøjte, som hun netop havde brugt
02:04
back in the tray for it to be picked up and used again.
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tilbage på bakken for at den kan blive genbrugt.
02:07
So you can imagine the scale of this problem.
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Så I kan nok forestille jer omfanget af dette problem.
02:10
And in fact in India alone, 62 percent
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Og faktisk er alene i Indien 62% af
02:12
of all injections given
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alle givne indsprøjtninger
02:14
are unsafe.
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usikre.
02:16
These kids in Pakistan don't go to school.
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Disse børn i Pakistan går ikke i skole.
02:18
They are lucky. They already have a job.
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De er heldige. De har allerede et job.
02:20
And that job is that they go around and pick up syringes
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Og det job består i at gå rundt og samle sprøjter op
02:22
from the back of hospitals,
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fra hospitalerne,
02:24
wash them, and in the course of this,
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vaske dem og i denne sammenhæng
02:26
obviously picking them up they injure themselves.
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selvfølgelig samtidigt skade sig selv, når de samler dem op.
02:29
And then they repackage them and sell them out on markets
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Og så pakkes de ind igen og sælges på markeder for
02:32
for literally more money
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bogstavelig talt, flere penge,
02:34
than a sterile syringe in the first place, which is quite bizarre.
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end sterile ville koste i første omgang. Hvilket er ret bizart.
02:37
In an interesting photo, their father, while we were talking to him,
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På et interessant billede, ses det, at deres far samler en sprøjte op
02:40
picked up a syringe and pricked his finger --
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og prikker sig i fingeren, mens vi taler med ham –
02:42
I don't know whether you can see the drop of blood on the end --
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Jeg ved ikke, om man kan se bloddråben på spidsen –
02:45
and immediately whipped out a box of matches,
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og med det samme finder en tændstiksæske frem,
02:48
lit one, and burned the blood off the end of his finger,
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antænder én og brænder blodet væk på fingerspidsen
02:51
giving me full assurance
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mens han forsikrer mig om,
02:53
that that was the way that you stopped the transmission of HIV.
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at det var måden hvorpå man stoppede overførslen af HIV.
02:57
In China, recycling is a major issue.
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I Kina er genbrug et stort problem.
03:01
And they are collected en mass -- you can see the scale of it here --
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Og de samles i massevis – omfanget kan ses her –
03:04
and sorted out, by hand, back into the right sizes,
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og sorteres i korrekte størrelser, med de bare hænder,
03:08
and then put back out on the street.
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og kommer dernæst tilbage på gaden.
03:10
So recycling and reuse
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Så genbrug og genanvendelse
03:13
are the major issues here.
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er det store problem her.
03:15
But there was one interesting anecdote that I found in Indonesia.
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Men der var en interessant anekdote jeg fandt i Indonesien.
03:18
In all schools in Indonesia,
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I alle skoler i Indonesien,
03:20
there is usually a toy seller in the playground.
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er der som regel en legetøjshandler på legepladsen.
03:22
The toy seller, in this case,
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Legetøjshandleren, i dette tilfælde,
03:24
had syringes, which they usually do,
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havde sprøjter, hvilket de som regel har,
03:26
next door to the diggers, which is obviously
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ved siden af legetøjs-gravkøerne, som man selvfølgelig
03:28
what you would expect.
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kan forvente.
03:30
And they use them, in the breaks, for water pistols.
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Og i pauserne bruger de dem som vandpistoler.
03:32
They squirt them at each other, which is lovely and innocent.
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De sprøjter på hinanden. Hvilket er dejligt og uskyldigt.
03:34
And they are having great fun.
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Og de har det rigtigt sjovt.
03:36
But they also drink from them
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Men de drikker også vand fra dem
03:38
while they're in their breaks, because it's hot.
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i pauserne, fordi der er varmt.
03:40
And they squirt the water into their mouths.
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Og de sprøjter vandet ind i munden.
03:43
And these are used with traces of blood visible.
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Og disse er brugte; blodsporene kan ses.
03:48
So we need a better product. And we need better information.
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Så vi har brug for et bedre produkt. Og vi har brug for bedre information.
03:50
And I think, if I can just borrow this camera,
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Og jeg tror, hvis jeg lige må låne det her kamera,
03:55
I was going to show you my invention,
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så ville jeg vise jer min opfindelse,
03:57
which I came up with.
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som jeg fandt på.
04:00
So, it's a normal-looking syringe.
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Altså, det ligner en almindelig sprøjte.
04:02
You load it up in the normal way. This is made
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Den fyldes op på normal vis. Den er lavet med
04:04
on existing equipment in 14 factories that we license.
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eksisterende udstyr på 14 fabrikker som vi licenserer.
04:08
You give the injection and then put it down.
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Man giver indsprøjtningen og lægger den fra sig.
04:11
If someone then tries to reuse it,
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Hvis nogle så prøver at genbruge den,
04:13
it locks and breaks afterwards.
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låser den og brækker efterfølgende over.
04:15
It's very, very simple. Thank you.
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Det er meget, meget simpelt. Tak.
04:17
(Applause)
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[Bifald]
04:20
And it costs the same as a normal syringe.
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Og den koster det samme som en almindelig sprøjte.
04:22
And in comparison, a Coca-Cola
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Og til sammenligning koster en Coca-Cola
04:24
is 10 times the price.
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10 gange så meget.
04:26
And that will stop reusing a syringe 20 or 30 times.
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Og dette vil forhindre at en sprøjte genbruges 20 eller 30 gange.
04:29
And I have an information charity
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Jeg har desuden en velgørenhedsorganisation
04:31
which has done huge scale amount of work in India.
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som har gjort et omfattende stykke arbejde i Indien.
04:35
And we're very proud of giving information to people,
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Og vi er stolte af, at give information til mennesker,
04:38
so that little kids like this don't do stupid things.
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så små børn som disse, ikke gør noget dumt.
04:40
Thank you very much.
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Mange tak.
04:42
(Applause)
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[Bifald]
Reviewed by Mikael Fuhr
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marc Koska - InventorMarc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics.
Why you should listen
In 1984, Marc Koska read an article that predicted HIV would spread widely through unsafe injections. He writes, "Appalled at the prospect of such an avoidable catastrophe, I decided there and then to try and do something about it." The prediction, sadly, turned out to be true: syringe reuse now accounts for 1.3 million deaths -- more than malaria. In the next years, Koska undertook the study of public health to find out what could be done. He determined that the design of syringes was the critical issue.
Today, Koska's solution to the problem, the K1 syringe -- it locks down after a single injection, preventing reuse -- is in use by millions. But he hasn't stopped there: In 2005, he founded a nonprofit, SafePoint, which aims to educate people in the developing world about the dangers of reusing any instruments that come into contact with blood.
Marc Koska | Speaker | TED.com