TEDGlobal 2009
Marc Koska: 1.3m reasons to re-invent the syringe
Shpirtzni qayta kashf qilishga 1.3 million sabab
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Shpritzlarni qayta ishlatish, ayniqsa ko'pgina mablag'i kam bo'lgan kasalxonalarda, yiliga 1.3 million odamlarni nobud qiladi. Marc Koska bu umumjahon muammoni faktlar, rasmlar va berkitilgan kamera lavhalari bilan bizlarga oshkor etadi. U o'zining bu muammoga bo'lgan echimini bizga aytadi: arzon shpritzni ikki marta ishlatib bo'lmaydi.
Marc Koska - Inventor
Marc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics. Full bio
Marc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
Twenty-five-and-a-quarter years ago I read
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25 yilu 3 oy oldin men shunday bir
00:20
a newspaper article which said
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gazeta maqolasiga duch keldim
00:22
that one day syringes would be
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unga ko'ra, bir kun kelib
00:25
one of the major causes of the spread of AIDS,
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shpritzlar SPID tarqalishining, yuqtirshning asosiy
00:27
the transmission of AIDS.
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sababchisi bo'ladi degan edi.
00:29
I thought this was unacceptable. So I decided to do something about it.
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Men bunga qarab turolmadim. Va buni oldini olishga qaror qildim.
00:33
Sadly, it's come true. Malaria, as we all know,
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Afsuski, bu narsa to'g'ri bo'lib chiqdi. Malaria yiliga
00:36
kills approximately one million people a year.
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1 million atrfoida odam umriga zomin bo'lsa
00:39
The reuse of syringes now exceeds that
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shpritzlarni qayta ishlatish undan ham oshib,
00:41
and kills 1.3 million people a year.
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yiliga 1.3 million odamni nobud qiladi.
00:46
This young girl and her friend
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Bu yosh qiz va uning do'stini
00:48
that I met in an orphanage in Delhi
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men Dehlida bolalar uyida uchratdim,
00:50
were HIV positive from a syringe.
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ular shpritz orqali VICH infeksiyasini yuqtirgan.
00:55
And what was so sad about this particular story
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Va eng achinarlisi shuki, ularni shifokorga
00:58
was that once their parents had found out --
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ota-onalari olib borgan, lekin
01:01
and don't forget, their parents took them to the doctor --
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qizlarning virus yuqtirganini bilgach
01:05
the parents threw them out on the street.
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bu ota-onalar qizlarini ko'chaga tashlab ketgan.
01:07
And hence they ended up in an orphanage.
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Va shu tufayli ular yetimxonaga tushgan.
01:10
And it comes from situations like this where
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Bunday holatlar qayerdan ham malakali, ham
01:12
you have either skilled or unskilled practitioners,
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malakasiz mutaxassislarning ko'r ko'rona birovga
01:15
blindly giving an injection to someone.
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ukol qilishidan kelib chiqadi.
01:18
And the injection is so valuable,
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Ukol juda kerakli narsa
01:21
that the people basically trust
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va odamlar odatda shifokorga
01:23
the doctor, being second to God, which I've heard many times,
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huddi ikkinchi Xudodai ishonadi, men buni ko'p eshitganman,
01:26
to do the right thing. But in fact they're not.
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ular to'g'ri ish qiladi deysiz. lekin aslida unday emas.
01:29
And you can understand, obviously, the transmission problem
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Virus keng tarqalgan joylarda bunday
01:31
between people in high-virus areas.
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yuqtirish muammosini o'zingiz tushunasiz.
01:35
This video we took undercover,
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Biz bildirmasdan olgan videoda
01:37
which shows you, over a half an hour period,
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bir yarim soat ichida
01:39
a tray of medicines of 42 vials,
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42 ta flakon dorini kuzatdik.
01:43
which are being delivered with only 2 syringes in a public hospital in India.
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Bular Hindistondagi davlat shixofonasida odamlarga atigi 2 ta shpritz bilan dori berib chiqdi.
01:48
And over the course of half an hour, not one syringe
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Bu bir yarim soat ichida, bironta yangi
01:50
was filmed being unwrapped.
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spritzni ochishmadi.
01:52
They started with two and they ended with two.
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Ikkita shpritz bilan boshlab, shu ikkitasi bilan tugatdi.
01:55
And you'll see, just now, a nurse coming back to the tray,
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Mana endi hamshira postga
01:58
which is their sort of modular station,
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kelib hozirgina ishlatgan sphritzni
02:01
and dropping the syringe she's just used
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yana qayta ishlatish uchun
02:04
back in the tray for it to be picked up and used again.
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idishga solib qo'ydi.
02:07
So you can imagine the scale of this problem.
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Endi muammoning qanchalik kattaligini tassavvur qiling.
02:10
And in fact in India alone, 62 percent
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Birgina Hindistonning o'zida,
02:12
of all injections given
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qilingan ukollarning 62%
02:14
are unsafe.
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xafvli.
02:16
These kids in Pakistan don't go to school.
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Pokistondagi bu bolalar maktabga bormaydi.
02:18
They are lucky. They already have a job.
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Omadli-da, ularning hozirdan ishi bor.
02:20
And that job is that they go around and pick up syringes
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Ularning ishi atrofni aylanib, shifoxonaning orqasidagi yotgan shpritzlarni yig'ib,
02:22
from the back of hospitals,
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yuvib tozalab
02:24
wash them, and in the course of this,
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shifoxonaga qayta sotish,
02:26
obviously picking them up they injure themselves.
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va yig'ish jarayonida o'zlarini yaralash xavfi ham bor.
02:29
And then they repackage them and sell them out on markets
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Keyin ularni o'rab bozorlarda sotishadi
02:32
for literally more money
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va sterillangan toza shpritzdan ham ko'proq
02:34
than a sterile syringe in the first place, which is quite bizarre.
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pulga sotishadi. Bunisi juda g'alati, tushunib bo'lmas hodisa.
02:37
In an interesting photo, their father, while we were talking to him,
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Bu juda qiziq surat, ularning otasi biz gaplashib turgan paytda
02:40
picked up a syringe and pricked his finger --
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barmog'ini sphritz ninasi bilan yaralab oldi-
02:42
I don't know whether you can see the drop of blood on the end --
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bilmadim siz qonni ko'rdingizmi yo'qmi-
02:45
and immediately whipped out a box of matches,
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lekin u shu zumda gugurt olib, bittasini yoqdi
02:48
lit one, and burned the blood off the end of his finger,
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va barmog'ining uchidagi qonni kuydirdi,
02:51
giving me full assurance
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va menga shu bilan go'yo
02:53
that that was the way that you stopped the transmission of HIV.
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VICH yuqtirishning oldini oldim demoqchi bo'ldi. Lekin bu noto'g'ri.
02:57
In China, recycling is a major issue.
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Xitoyda, chiqitni qayta ishlash katta muammo.
03:01
And they are collected en mass -- you can see the scale of it here --
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Ko'rib turganingizdek, ular bir yerga yig'iladi
03:04
and sorted out, by hand, back into the right sizes,
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qo'l bilan katta kichikligiga qarab ajratiladi,
03:08
and then put back out on the street.
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va yana ko'chalarga sotuvga qaytariladi.
03:10
So recycling and reuse
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Va qayta ishlatish bu yerda
03:13
are the major issues here.
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katta muammodir.
03:15
But there was one interesting anecdote that I found in Indonesia.
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Lekin Indoneziyada bir qiziq holga duch keldim.
03:18
In all schools in Indonesia,
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U yerdagi hamma maktablarda,
03:20
there is usually a toy seller in the playground.
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odatda maydonchada o'yinchoq sotuvchilar bor.
03:22
The toy seller, in this case,
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Bu o'yinchoq sotuvchisi, odatdagiday
03:24
had syringes, which they usually do,
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shpritzlarni ham sotar edi,
03:26
next door to the diggers, which is obviously
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siz kutganingizdek, aynan o'yinchoq
03:28
what you would expect.
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qazuvchi mashinalar yonida.
03:30
And they use them, in the breaks, for water pistols.
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Va ular tanafussda suv sepib o'ynash uchun ishlatadi.
03:32
They squirt them at each other, which is lovely and innocent.
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Bu xavfsiz bir o'yindek ko'rinishi mumkin.
03:34
And they are having great fun.
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Mazza qilib o'ynaydi.
03:36
But they also drink from them
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Lekin , Undan suv ham ichishadi
03:38
while they're in their breaks, because it's hot.
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ayni tanafuss davomida, chunki u ko'cha issiq.
03:40
And they squirt the water into their mouths.
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va suvni o'gizlariga sepishadi.
03:43
And these are used with traces of blood visible.
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Va shpritzlarda qon qoldiqlarini ham ko'z ko'radi.
03:48
So we need a better product. And we need better information.
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Shuning uchun bizga yaxshiroq narsa va ma'lumot kerak.
03:50
And I think, if I can just borrow this camera,
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Va men bu kamerani o'zimga olib tursam,
03:55
I was going to show you my invention,
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men sizlarga o'ylab topgan narsamni
03:57
which I came up with.
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ko'rsataman.
04:00
So, it's a normal-looking syringe.
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Bu xuddi odatdagi shpritzdek ko'rinadi.
04:02
You load it up in the normal way. This is made
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odatdagiday ishlatiladi. Biz litsenziya bergan
04:04
on existing equipment in 14 factories that we license.
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14 ta fabrikadagi odatdagi uskunalar va asboblar bilan ishlanadi.
04:08
You give the injection and then put it down.
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Ukol qilib qo'ygandan keyin
04:11
If someone then tries to reuse it,
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agar biror kim uni qayta ishlatishga harakat qilsa
04:13
it locks and breaks afterwards.
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u qulflanib qoladi va sinadi.
04:15
It's very, very simple. Thank you.
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Bu juda oson va sodda. Rahmat.
04:17
(Applause)
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(Qarsaklar)
04:20
And it costs the same as a normal syringe.
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Va buning narxi oddiy shpritz narxiday.
04:22
And in comparison, a Coca-Cola
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Coca-Colaga qaraganda
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is 10 times the price.
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u shpritz 10 marta arzon.
04:26
And that will stop reusing a syringe 20 or 30 times.
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Va u shpritz ninalarning 20 yoki 30 marta qayta ishlatilishini to'xtatadi.
04:29
And I have an information charity
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Va bizda ma'lumot xayriya jamg'armasi bor
04:31
which has done huge scale amount of work in India.
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va Hindistonda ular juda katta ishlarni amalga oshirdi
04:35
And we're very proud of giving information to people,
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Va biz yosh bolalarning ahmoqona ishlar qilmasligi uchun
04:38
so that little kids like this don't do stupid things.
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odamlarga kerakli ma'lumotlar berganimizdan juda hursandmiz.
04:40
Thank you very much.
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Rahmat sizlarga.
04:42
(Applause)
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(Qarsaklar)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marc Koska - InventorMarc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics.
Why you should listen
In 1984, Marc Koska read an article that predicted HIV would spread widely through unsafe injections. He writes, "Appalled at the prospect of such an avoidable catastrophe, I decided there and then to try and do something about it." The prediction, sadly, turned out to be true: syringe reuse now accounts for 1.3 million deaths -- more than malaria. In the next years, Koska undertook the study of public health to find out what could be done. He determined that the design of syringes was the critical issue.
Today, Koska's solution to the problem, the K1 syringe -- it locks down after a single injection, preventing reuse -- is in use by millions. But he hasn't stopped there: In 2005, he founded a nonprofit, SafePoint, which aims to educate people in the developing world about the dangers of reusing any instruments that come into contact with blood.
Marc Koska | Speaker | TED.com