TEDGlobal 2009
Marc Koska: 1.3m reasons to re-invent the syringe
Mark Koska (Marc Koska): 1,3 miliona razloga za izum novog šprica
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Višestruka upotreba špriceva, što je isuviše česta pojava u klinikama sa manjim budžetom, ubija 1,3 miliona ljudi svake godine. Mark Koska nas upućuje na ovaj globalni problem putem činjenica, fotografija i skrivene kamere. Nudi svoje rešenje: jeftin špric koji je nemoguće koristiti dva puta.
Marc Koska - Inventor
Marc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics. Full bio
Marc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
Twenty-five-and-a-quarter years ago I read
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Pre 24 godine i 3 meseca, pročitao sam
00:20
a newspaper article which said
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novinski članak koji je tvrdio
00:22
that one day syringes would be
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da će jednog dana, špricevi biti jedan od
00:25
one of the major causes of the spread of AIDS,
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najvećih uzroka širenja SIDE,
00:27
the transmission of AIDS.
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prenošenja SIDE.
00:29
I thought this was unacceptable. So I decided to do something about it.
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Pomislio sam kako je to neprihvatljivo i odlučio da preduzmem
00:33
Sadly, it's come true. Malaria, as we all know,
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nešto po tom pitanju. Nažalost, članak se obistinio. Malarija,
00:36
kills approximately one million people a year.
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kao što znamo, ubije oko milion ljudi godišnje.
00:39
The reuse of syringes now exceeds that
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Višestruka upotreba špriceva sada to
00:41
and kills 1.3 million people a year.
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prevazilazi i ubija 1,3 miliona ljudi godišnje.
00:46
This young girl and her friend
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Ova devojčica i njen prijatelj,
00:48
that I met in an orphanage in Delhi
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koje sam upoznao u sirotištu u Delhiju,
00:50
were HIV positive from a syringe.
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postali su HIV pozitivni zbog šprica.
00:55
And what was so sad about this particular story
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Ono što je toliko tužno u ovoj priči je
00:58
was that once their parents had found out --
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to što su, kada su saznali, njihovi roditelji,
01:01
and don't forget, their parents took them to the doctor --
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a ne zaboravite, roditelji su ih odveli kod lekara,
01:05
the parents threw them out on the street.
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izbacili na ulicu.
01:07
And hence they ended up in an orphanage.
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I tako su završili u sirotištu.
01:10
And it comes from situations like this where
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Sve počinje ovakvim situacijama, kada imate
01:12
you have either skilled or unskilled practitioners,
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obučene ili neobučene medicinske radnike
01:15
blindly giving an injection to someone.
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koji bez razmišljanja nekom daju inekciju.
01:18
And the injection is so valuable,
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A inekcija je toliko dragocena,
01:21
that the people basically trust
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da ljudi, u principu, veruju
01:23
the doctor, being second to God, which I've heard many times,
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da će lekari, koji su posle Boga najvažniji, što sam
01:26
to do the right thing. But in fact they're not.
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čuo mnogo puta, uraditi pravu stvar. Ali to ne učine.
01:29
And you can understand, obviously, the transmission problem
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I možete razumeti, problem prenošenja među
01:31
between people in high-virus areas.
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ljudima u područijima sa velikim brojem virusa.
01:35
This video we took undercover,
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Ovaj snimak napravljen je tajno
01:37
which shows you, over a half an hour period,
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razdoblju od pola sata i prikazuje
01:39
a tray of medicines of 42 vials,
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tacnu sa lekovima i 42 ampule,
01:43
which are being delivered with only 2 syringes in a public hospital in India.
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koji se daju koristeći samo dva šprica u državnoj bolnici u Indiji.
01:48
And over the course of half an hour, not one syringe
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Za tih pola sata, nismo snimili otvaranje
01:50
was filmed being unwrapped.
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ni jednog novog šprica.
01:52
They started with two and they ended with two.
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Počeli su sa dva i završili sa dva.
01:55
And you'll see, just now, a nurse coming back to the tray,
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A sada možete da vidite, medicinska sestra se vraća
01:58
which is their sort of modular station,
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do tacne koja je na neki način modularna stanica,
02:01
and dropping the syringe she's just used
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i baca špric koji je upravo iskoristila na
02:04
back in the tray for it to be picked up and used again.
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tacnu kako bi se ponovo mogao uzeti i koristiti.
02:07
So you can imagine the scale of this problem.
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Dakle, možete da zamislite veličinu ovog problema.
02:10
And in fact in India alone, 62 percent
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Činjenica je da samo Indiji, 62%
02:12
of all injections given
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svih inekcija koje se daju,
02:14
are unsafe.
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nije bezbedno.
02:16
These kids in Pakistan don't go to school.
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Ova deca iz Pakistana ne idu u školu.
02:18
They are lucky. They already have a job.
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Oni su srećnici. Već imaju posao.
02:20
And that job is that they go around and pick up syringes
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A taj posao podrazumeva da idu unaokolo
02:22
from the back of hospitals,
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i skupljaju špriceve iza bolnica,
02:24
wash them, and in the course of this,
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operu ih, a u tom procesu skupljanja,
02:26
obviously picking them up they injure themselves.
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očigledno je da se povređuju.
02:29
And then they repackage them and sell them out on markets
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Onda ih ponovo zapakuju i prodaju na pijacama,
02:32
for literally more money
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po, bukvalno, većoj ceni, od
02:34
than a sterile syringe in the first place, which is quite bizarre.
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sterilnog šprica, što je poprilično bizarno.
02:37
In an interesting photo, their father, while we were talking to him,
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Na ovoj zanimljivoj fotografiji, njihov otac je, dok smo
02:40
picked up a syringe and pricked his finger --
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razgovarali sa njim, pokupio špric i uboo prst -
02:42
I don't know whether you can see the drop of blood on the end --
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ne znam da li možete da vidite kapljicu krvi na kraju --
02:45
and immediately whipped out a box of matches,
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i smesta izvadio kutiju šibica,
02:48
lit one, and burned the blood off the end of his finger,
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zapalio jednu i spalio krv na kraju prsta,
02:51
giving me full assurance
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potpuno me uveravajući
02:53
that that was the way that you stopped the transmission of HIV.
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da se na takav način zaustavlja prenošenje HIVa.
02:57
In China, recycling is a major issue.
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U Kini je reciklaža veliki problem.
03:01
And they are collected en mass -- you can see the scale of it here --
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Špricevi se skupljaju u velikim količinama - možete videti
03:04
and sorted out, by hand, back into the right sizes,
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veličinu toga ovde - razvrstavaju se, ručno, po veličinama,
03:08
and then put back out on the street.
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a onda vraćaju na ulicu.
03:10
So recycling and reuse
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Dakle, reciklaža i višestruka upotreba
03:13
are the major issues here.
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su najvažniji problemi ovde.
03:15
But there was one interesting anecdote that I found in Indonesia.
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Ali, ima jedna zanimljiva anegdota koju sam otkrio u Indoneziji.
03:18
In all schools in Indonesia,
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U školama u Indoneziji,
03:20
there is usually a toy seller in the playground.
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uglavnom postoji prodavac igračaka na igralištu.
03:22
The toy seller, in this case,
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Prodavac igračaka je, u ovom slučaju
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had syringes, which they usually do,
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imao špriceve u ponudi, što uglavnom i imaju,
03:26
next door to the diggers, which is obviously
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odmah pored bagera, što se
03:28
what you would expect.
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i može očekivati.
03:30
And they use them, in the breaks, for water pistols.
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Oni ih koriste, za vreme odmora, kao pištolje na vodu.
03:32
They squirt them at each other, which is lovely and innocent.
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Prskaju se vodom, što je slatko i nevino.
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And they are having great fun.
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I lepo se provode.
03:36
But they also drink from them
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Ali oni takođe i piju iz njih,
03:38
while they're in their breaks, because it's hot.
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dok su na odmoru, zato što je toplo.
03:40
And they squirt the water into their mouths.
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Prskaju vodu u svoja usta.
03:43
And these are used with traces of blood visible.
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A špricevi su korišćeni, tragovi krvi su vidljivi.
03:48
So we need a better product. And we need better information.
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Zbog toga nam je potreban bolji proizvod.
03:50
And I think, if I can just borrow this camera,
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I bolji način informisanja. I evo, koristeći ovu kameru,
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I was going to show you my invention,
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pokazaću vam svoj izum
03:57
which I came up with.
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koji sam osmislio.
04:00
So, it's a normal-looking syringe.
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Izgleda kao običan špric.
04:02
You load it up in the normal way. This is made
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Puni se na standardni način. Ovo je napravljeno
04:04
on existing equipment in 14 factories that we license.
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koristeći postojeću opremu 14 fabrika koje mi licenciramo.
04:08
You give the injection and then put it down.
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Date inekciju i odložite ga.
04:11
If someone then tries to reuse it,
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Ako neko pokuša da ga ponovo iskoristi,
04:13
it locks and breaks afterwards.
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zaglavi se i nakon toga lomi.
04:15
It's very, very simple. Thank you.
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Veoma je, veoma jednostavno. Hvala.
04:17
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
04:20
And it costs the same as a normal syringe.
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A košta isto koliko i običan špric.
04:22
And in comparison, a Coca-Cola
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U poređenju sa njim, Koka-kola
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is 10 times the price.
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je deset puta skuplja.
04:26
And that will stop reusing a syringe 20 or 30 times.
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A time će se okončati upotreba šprica po 20 ili 30 puta.
04:29
And I have an information charity
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Vodim i humanitarnu agenciju koja se
04:31
which has done huge scale amount of work in India.
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bavi informisanjem i u Indiji obavlja posao velikih razmera.
04:35
And we're very proud of giving information to people,
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I vrlo smo ponosni što ljudima pružamo informacije
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so that little kids like this don't do stupid things.
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kako deca poput ove ne bi pravila gluposti.
04:40
Thank you very much.
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Mnogo vam hvala.
04:42
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marc Koska - InventorMarc Koska wants to improve health care in the developing world by re-designing dangerous medical tools -- and offering education to practitioners in under-funded clinics.
Why you should listen
In 1984, Marc Koska read an article that predicted HIV would spread widely through unsafe injections. He writes, "Appalled at the prospect of such an avoidable catastrophe, I decided there and then to try and do something about it." The prediction, sadly, turned out to be true: syringe reuse now accounts for 1.3 million deaths -- more than malaria. In the next years, Koska undertook the study of public health to find out what could be done. He determined that the design of syringes was the critical issue.
Today, Koska's solution to the problem, the K1 syringe -- it locks down after a single injection, preventing reuse -- is in use by millions. But he hasn't stopped there: In 2005, he founded a nonprofit, SafePoint, which aims to educate people in the developing world about the dangers of reusing any instruments that come into contact with blood.
Marc Koska | Speaker | TED.com