Nancy Duarte: The secret structure of great talks
Nancy Duarte believes that ideas are the most powerful tools people have. Her passion is to help every person learn to communicate their world-changing idea effectively. Full bio
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to change the world.
every single one of you
for others to contend with,
כדי שאחרים יתמודדו איתו,
have tried to convey your idea
or average idea was adopted.
is in the way it was communicated.
הוא האופן בו הם הוצגו.
in a way that resonates,
and you can change the world.
these vintage European posters.
פוסטרים אירופאים עתיקים.
we go to the dealer there,
אנחנו מבקרים שם אצל מוכר,
that conveys the idea.
שמעביר את הרעיון הזה.
They're really big.
הם ממש גדולים.
but they're big.
as he turns the pages.
בזמן שהוא הופך את הדפים.
I was flanked by my two kids
and this poster is underneath,
and they are like,
about this poster was the irony.
headed into battle --
little Suavitos baking spices,
תבליני האפיה הקטנים האלה,
life and limb to promote this thing.
גופה וחייה כדי למכור את הדבר הזה.
those little Suavitos baking spices
to be fired up about presentations.
to change the world
הכוח לשנות את העולם
effectively through them.
את המסר באופן אפקטיבי.
with one single idea.
ורעיון אחד בלבד.
or it won't be effective.
או שהוא לא יהיה אפקטיבי.
the most effectively is through story.
ביותר היא באמצעות סיפור.
their values and their culture
את הערכים והתרבות שלהם
about a story structure
you get a physical reaction;
פחות או יותר
"Oh, I got a chill down my spine"
in the pit of my stomach."
when someone is telling us a story.
כשמישהו מספר לנו סיפור.
a story can be told,
סיפור יכול להיות מסופר,
it completely flatlines.
with rapt attention during a story,
בקשב מלא במהלך סיפור,
incorporate story into presentations.
סיפור בתוך מצגות.
back at the shop --
of presentations, actually,
of a really bad presentation.
and figure out what was going on
some of the findings
as a presentation form.
צורת ההעברה של מצגות.
a beginning, a middle and an end.
התחלה, אמצע וסוף.
have that in its most simple form.
את המבנה הפשוט הזה.
to studying hero archetypes,
they're the star of the show."
that you're the star of the show.
that that's really broken.
I can put it out there,
אני יכולה להניח אותו בחוץ,
and hold it as dear,
לליבכם ומתאהבים בו,
and the world is never changed.
והעולם לא משתנה.
the presenter isn't the hero,
Joseph Campbell's hero's journey,
הגיבור של ג'וזף קמפבל,
some really interesting insights there.
מספר תובנות מאוד מעניינות.
in an ordinary world,
kind of brought out of balance.
if I want to jump into this,"
אנחנו רוצים לקפוץ לתוך כל זה"
from their ordinary world
You're not Luke Skywalker, you're Yoda.
אתם יודה" (מלחמת הכוכבים)
that actually helps the audience
and into your new special idea,
it's a three-part structure of a story.
מבנה משולש של סיפור.
and that's the basic structure.
וזהו המבנה הבסיסי.
a Gustav Freytag's pyramid --
של גוסטב פרייטג --
there is a five-act structure,
and a denouement,
or the resolution of the story.
So we talk about shapes.
כשאנחנו מדברים על צורות.
well, an arc is a shape.
בעצם קשת היא צורה בעצמה.
having a shapeliness to it.
כבעלת צורה.
if presentations had a shape,
communicators use that shape,
משתמשים בצורה הזאת,
it was a Saturday morning.
זה היה יום שבת בבוקר.
it was a couple of years of study --
מחקר שלקח כמה שנים טובות --
"Oh my gosh, if this shape is real,
two completely different presentations
שתי מצגות שונות לחלוטין
וזה יהיה נכון עבור שתיהן".
הכי מובנת מאליה,
"I Have a Dream" speech,
של מרטין לות'ר קינג,
2007 iPhone launch speech,
האייפון של סטיב ג'ובס מ- 2007,
"I've been given this gift,"
it's pretty astounding.
and I want to walk you through it.
ואני רוצה שנעקוב אחרי התבנית,
I went through speeches, everything --
עברתי על נאומים, הכל --
follows the shape.
מתאים לתבנית הזו.
you need to establish what is.
here's what's going on.
to compare that to what could be.
בין זה ובין החזון העתידי.
as big as possible,
of the status quo,
with the loftiness of your idea.
הגדולה של הרעיון שלכם.
here's the past, here's the present,
כאן העתיד
but look at that problem removed.
כשמבטלים את הבעיה הזאת.
let's annihilate the roadblock.
the inciting incident in a movie.
the audience has to contend
with this and align with it or not?"
ולישר קו עם זה או לא?"
should support that.
what is and what could be,
and the normal unappealing,
ואת המצב הנורמלי כלא אטרקטיבייים
in the future with your idea adopted.
people are going to resist.
אנשים הולכים להתנגד.
they may love the world the way it is.
אוהבים את העולם כמו שהוא.
have to move back and forth.
and there is wind resistance,
and back and forth.
capture the resistance
if you capture the wind just right
את הרוח בתזמון הנכון
בזוית הנכונה,
sail faster than the wind itself.
between what is and what can be,
שבין המצב הקיים והחזון העתידי,
them towards your idea
את הרעיון שלכם
between what is and what could be,
בין המצב הקיים והחזון העתידי,
is a call to action,
but at the very end.
as a new bliss.
the world is going to look,
and we solve this big problem."
I could use this as an analysis tool."
להשתמש בזה ככלי אנליטי".
how much they map to this tool.
with the very two people
has completely changed the world.
changed the music industry
שינה את תעשיית המוזיקה
to change the mobile device industry.
את תעשיית הטלפונים הניידים.
of his iPhone launch 2007,
של האייפון ב2007,
and you can see he starts with what is,
לראות שהוא התחיל במצב הקיים,
and ends with what could be.
is him speaking, he's talking.
you'll see popped up there,
and he cuts to demo.
talking the whole time.
you'll see a blue line,
kind of interesting:
is when he made them laugh.
נקודה בה הוא הצחיק אותם.
is when he made them clap.
בה הקהל מחא כפיים.
to what he is saying,
you have the audience in your hand.
forward to for two and a half years."
for a couple of years.
more than the audience laughs or claps.
שהקהל צוחק או מוחא כפיים.
Isn't this beautiful?"
"נכון שזה מדהים? נכון שזה יפה?"
what he wants them to feel.
שהוא רוצה שהם ירגישו.
of compelling them to feel a certain way.
להרגיש בצורה מסוימת.
"Every once in a while,
"אחת לזמן מה,
that changes everything."
and talk about his new product.
ולדבר על המוצר החדש שלו.
he actually keeps the phone off.
is pretty white up until this point,
and here's the sucky competitors.
and here's the sucky competitors."
he has the star moment --
for the first time,
sucked out of the room.
נשאב החוצה מהחדר.
that they'll always remember.
you can see the blue,
אתם יכולים לראות את הכחול,
the line breaks.
this heightened sense of excitement.
the technology didn't work.
to keep the audience involved.
את רמת המעורבות של הקהל.
he ends with the new bliss.
בתחושת האושר החדשה.
to build revolutionary new products.
quote that I love:
(שחקן הוקי קרח מפורסם) שאני אוהב:
not to where it has been.'
לא לאיפה שהיא כבר היתה'.
at Apple since the very beginning
working hard for equality.
of the "I Have a Dream" speech.
מתחיל עם המצב הקיים,
between what is and what could be,
which is the famous part we all know.
שהיא החלק המפורסם שכולנו מכירים.
a little bit here,
I put the actual transcript there
I broke the line,
most people hadn't heard that,
רוב האנשים לא שמעו את זה,
that was really new for people there.
שהיו ממש חדשים עבור האנשים שם.
these lines of text with a bar
as an information device here.
how he actually spoke to the people.
are going to be when he used
את הקטעים בהם הוא השתמש
of repetition.
a lot of metaphors and visual words.
בהרבה מטפורות ובמילים ויזואליות.
really complicated ideas
and knowledgeable, so people got it.
כך שאנשים הבינו אותם.
with his words to make it
songs and scriptures that he used.
שהוא השתמש בהם.
that you're seeing.
a lot of political references
that were made to the people.
the very first end of what is,
was the very first time
היתה הפעם הראשונה
and roared really loud.
what he did is he said,
מה שהוא עשה זה שהוא אמר,
the Negro people a bad check,
המחאה ללא כיסוי,
marked insufficient funds."
to not have money in your account.
שאין לך מספיק כסף בחשבון.
people were very familiar with.
they really screamed was:
and the security of justice."
what currently is to what could be.
בין המצב הקיים לבין החזון העתידי.
a little farther in the model,
at a more frenzied pace.
back and forth, and back and forth.
and so you can actually do this
sense of excitement.
and live out the meaning of its creed.
ותממש את משמעות אמונה.
that all men are created equal.'"
כי כל בני האדם נבראו שווים'".
to remind them of the promise
להזכיר להם את ההבטחה
or that this country had made.
או שהמדינה עצמה הבטיחה.
I have a dream that one day,
יש לי חלום שיום אחד,
it gets really interesting.
you can look at the four shades of green,
אתם יכולים לראות את ארבעת גווני הירוק,
which was a lot of repetition --
of songs and scriptures.
from the Book of Isaiah.
was "My Country, 'Tis of Thee."
"My Country, 'Tis of Thee."
that was specifically very significant
chose to change the words to as an outcry,
לשנות בו את המילים באופן הפגנתי,
a stanza from "My Country, 'Tis of Thee."
מתוך "My Country, 'Tis of Thee."
Thank God Almighty, I'm free at last!"
תודה לאל עליון, אני חופשי סוף סוף!"
inside of the hearts of the audience.
which is important.
that they'd sung together
to connect and resonate with the audience.
ולהדהד מול הקהל.
of this new bliss,
that they already held as sacred.
שהם כבר החשיבו כמקודשים.
He had a big, big dream.
you guys have really big dreams.
לכם יש חלומות ממש גדולים.
he was stabbed with a letter opener,
דקרו אותו בסכין מעטפות,
be required to pay that kind of sacrifice.
like that basic story structure.
you encounter roadblocks,
"I had this idea,
בעצמנו ברעיונות שלנו,
and butt up against the roadblocks
to let the struggle transform us
and have a dream and make it real.
if I can do this, anybody can do this.
אם אני יכולה, כל אחד יכול לעשות את זה.
and emotionally starved environment.
with my sister, I was abused.
חוויתי התעללות.
it was just the most aggressive.
פשוט הפעם הכי קשה.
they married each other three times,
הם התחתנו זה עם זו שלוש פעמים,
and when they weren't fighting
some alcoholic that was living with us
when I was sixteen years old.
of my home and of my siblings.
בבית שלי ובאחים שלי.
bright, young girl should do --
רווקה וחכמה צריכה לעשות --
I was eighteen years old.
in the story of my life I had a choice.
בה היתה לי הבחירה.
die inside of me.
life is too hard to change the world.
החיים קשים מדי בכדי לשנות את העולם.
there's people in this room --
Suavitos baking spices
"You know, It's not that big a deal."
זאת לא כזה ביג דיל".
the whole world I can change."
תוכלו לשנות את העולם שלכם.
that you have control over,
שיש לכם שליטה עליו,
that we're going to go.
Bless you. God bless you.
תבורכו. אלוהים יברך אתכם.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nancy Duarte - CEO, presentation designerNancy Duarte believes that ideas are the most powerful tools people have. Her passion is to help every person learn to communicate their world-changing idea effectively.
Why you should listen
Nancy Duarte is an expert in presentation design and principal of Duarte Design, where she has served as CEO for 21 years. Nancy speaks around the world, seeking to improve the power of public presentations. She is the author of Slide:ology: The Art and Science of Creating Great Presentations as well as Resonate: Present Visual Stories that Transform Audiences and the recent HBR Guide to Persuasive Presentations.
Watch Duarte's recent webinar on making presentations remotely >>
Nancy Duarte | Speaker | TED.com