TEDGlobal>Geneva
Jocelyne Bloch: The brain may be able to repair itself -- with help
Jocelyn Bloch: Otak mungkin bisa mengobati sendiri -- dengan bantuan
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Setelah menangani banyak kasus dari stroke sampai trauma kecelakaan mobil, ahli bedah saraf Jocelyn Bloch sangat memahami ketidakmampuan otak untuk pulih sendiri. Namun sekarang, ia menjelaskan, ia dan koleganya mungkin telah menemukan kunci dari pengobatan saraf: Sel doublecortin positif. Mirip dengan sel punca, sel ini sangat bisa menyesuaikan diri dan ketika diambil dari otak, dibiakkan, lalu ditanam kembali di luka otak yang sama, sel ini bisa membantu mengobati dan menyusun otak kembali. "Dengan sedikit bantuan," ujar Bloch, "otak mungkin dapat mengobati dirinya sendiri."
Jocelyne Bloch - Functional neurosurgeon
Jocelyne Bloch is helping to unlock potential self-healing capacities of the human brain. Full bio
Jocelyne Bloch is helping to unlock potential self-healing capacities of the human brain. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So I'm a neurosurgeon.
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Saya seorang ahli bedah saraf.
00:15
And like most of my colleagues,
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Dan seperti kebanyakan kolega saya,
00:17
I have to deal, every day,
with human tragedies.
with human tragedies.
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saya harus berhadapan dengan
tragedi manusia setiap hari.
tragedi manusia setiap hari.
00:22
I realize how your life can change
from one second to the other
from one second to the other
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Saya sadar bagaimana hidup
bisa berubah dalam sekejap
bisa berubah dalam sekejap
00:27
after a major stroke
or after a car accident.
or after a car accident.
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setelah serangan stroke
atau kecelakaan mobil.
atau kecelakaan mobil.
00:32
And what is very frustrating
for us neurosurgeons
for us neurosurgeons
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Dan yang paling mengesalkan bagi
ahli bedah saraf seperti kami
ahli bedah saraf seperti kami
00:35
is to realize that unlike
other organs of the body,
other organs of the body,
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adalah menyadari bahwa
tidak seperti organ tubuh lain,
tidak seperti organ tubuh lain,
00:40
the brain has very little
ability for self-repair.
ability for self-repair.
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kemampuan otak untuk memulihkan diri
sangat kecil.
sangat kecil.
00:45
And after a major injury
of your central nervous system,
of your central nervous system,
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Setelah sistem saraf sentral cedera,
00:50
the patients often remain
with a severe handicap.
with a severe handicap.
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pasien sering menderita cacat parah.
00:55
And that's probably
the reason why I've chosen
the reason why I've chosen
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Itulah mungkin mengapa saya memilih
00:57
to be a functional neurosurgeon.
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untuk menjadi ahli bedah saraf fungsional.
01:01
What is a functional neurosurgeon?
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Apa itu ahli bedah saraf fungsional?
01:03
It's a doctor who is trying to improve
a neurological function
a neurological function
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Ia adalah seorang dokter yang mencoba
meningkatkan fungsi saraf
meningkatkan fungsi saraf
01:08
through different surgical strategies.
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melalui strategi operasi yang berbeda.
01:12
You've certainly heard of
one of the famous ones
one of the famous ones
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Anda pasti pernah mendengar
strategi terkenal
strategi terkenal
01:14
called deep brain stimulation,
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yang disebut stimulasi otak dalam,
01:17
where you implant an electrode
in the depths of the brain
in the depths of the brain
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di mana Anda menanam elektroda
di dalam otak
di dalam otak
01:21
in order to modulate a circuit of neurons
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untuk memodulasi sirkuit neuron
01:24
to improve a neurological function.
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demi meningkatkan fungsi saraf.
01:27
It's really an amazing technology
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Sungguh teknologi yang menakjubkan
01:29
in that it has improved
the destiny of patients
the destiny of patients
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yang telah memperbaiki nasib pasien
01:32
with Parkinson's disease,
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penderita penyakit Parkinson,
01:34
with severe tremor, with severe pain.
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dengan tingkat gemetar dan
rasa sakit yang parah.
rasa sakit yang parah.
01:38
However, neuromodulation
does not mean neuro-repair.
does not mean neuro-repair.
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Namun, modulasi saraf bukan berarti
pemulihan saraf.
pemulihan saraf.
01:45
And the dream of functional neurosurgeons
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Mimpi dari ahli bedah saraf fungsional
01:47
is to repair the brain.
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adalah untuk memulihkan otak.
01:51
I think
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Menurut saya
01:52
that we are approaching this dream.
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kami hampir bisa mewujudkannya.
01:54
And I would like to show you
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Saya ingin menunjukkan pada Anda
01:57
that we are very close to this.
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bahwa kami hampir berhasil.
02:00
And that with a little bit of help,
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Dengan sedikit bantuan,
02:03
the brain is able to help itself.
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otak dapat pulih sendiri.
02:08
So the story started 15 years ago.
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Ceritanya berawal 15 tahun lalu.
02:11
At that time, I was a chief resident
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Waktu itu saya kepala residen
02:13
working days and nights
in the emergency room.
in the emergency room.
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yang bekerja siang malam di ruang UGD.
02:16
I often had to take care
of patients with head trauma.
of patients with head trauma.
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Saya sering menangani pasien
dengan trauma kepala.
dengan trauma kepala.
02:21
You have to imagine that when a patient
comes in with a severe head trauma,
comes in with a severe head trauma,
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Bisa Anda bayangkan, ketika pasien datang
dengan trauma kepala yang parah,
dengan trauma kepala yang parah,
02:25
his brain is swelling
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otaknya bengkak
02:28
and he's increasing
his intracranial pressure.
his intracranial pressure.
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dan ia mengalami peningkatan
tekanan intrakranial.
tekanan intrakranial.
02:31
And in order to save his life,
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Untuk menyelamatkan nyawanya,
02:33
you have to decrease
this intracranial pressure.
this intracranial pressure.
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Anda harus bisa mengurangi
tekanan intrakranial tersebut.
tekanan intrakranial tersebut.
02:36
And to do that,
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Dan untuk itu,
02:37
you sometimes have to remove
a piece of swollen brain.
a piece of swollen brain.
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terkadang Anda harus memotong
bagian otak yang bengkak.
bagian otak yang bengkak.
02:42
So instead of throwing away
these pieces of swollen brain,
these pieces of swollen brain,
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Alih-alih membuang bagian
otak yang bengkak itu,
otak yang bengkak itu,
02:46
we decided with Jean-François Brunet,
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saya dan kolega saya Jean-François Brunet,
02:49
who is a colleague of mine, a biologist,
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seorang ahli biologi, memutuskan
02:51
to study them.
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untuk mempelajarinya.
02:53
What do I mean by that?
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Apa maksudnya?
02:55
We wanted to grow cells
from these pieces of tissue.
from these pieces of tissue.
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Kami ingin menumbuhkan sel dari
potongan jaringan ini.
potongan jaringan ini.
03:00
It's not an easy task.
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Bukan hal yang mudah.
03:02
Growing cells from a piece of tissue
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Menumbuhkan sel dari sebuah jaringan
03:04
is a bit the same as growing
very small children
very small children
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agak mirip dengan membesarkan
anak yang masih kecil
anak yang masih kecil
03:08
out from their family.
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lepas dari orangtuanya.
03:11
So you need to find the right nutrients,
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Jadi diperlukan nutrisi yang tepat,
03:14
the warmth, the humidity
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kehangatan, kelembaban
03:15
and all the nice environments
to make them thrive.
to make them thrive.
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dan lingkungan yang baik agar
ia bisa tumbuh dengan baik.
ia bisa tumbuh dengan baik.
03:19
So that's exactly what we had
to do with these cells.
to do with these cells.
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Itulah yang harus kami lakukan
dengan sel ini.
dengan sel ini.
03:22
And after many attempts,
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Setelah beberapa kali percobaan,
03:24
Jean-François did it.
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Jean-François berhasil.
03:27
And that's what he saw
under his microscope.
under his microscope.
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Itulah yang ia lihat
di bawah mikroskopnya.
di bawah mikroskopnya.
03:31
And that was, for us, a major surprise.
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Dan bagi kami, ini kejutan besar.
03:34
Why?
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Mengapa?
03:35
Because this looks exactly the same
as a stem cell culture,
as a stem cell culture,
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Karena ini terlihat sangat mirip
dengan kultur sel punca,
dengan kultur sel punca,
03:40
with large green cells
surrounding small, immature cells.
surrounding small, immature cells.
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di mana sel hijau besar dikelilingi oleh
sel-sel muda yang lebih kecil.
sel-sel muda yang lebih kecil.
03:47
And you may remember from biology class
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Anda mungkin ingat pelajaran biologi
03:50
that stem cells are immature cells,
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bahwa sel punca adalah sel muda,
03:53
able to turn into any type
of cell of the body.
of cell of the body.
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yang bisa berubah menjadi
tipe sel tubuh apapun.
tipe sel tubuh apapun.
03:59
The adult brain has stem cells,
but they're very rare
but they're very rare
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Otak orang dewasa punya sel punca,
namun sangat jarang
namun sangat jarang
04:04
and they're located
in deep and small niches
in deep and small niches
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dan terletak di ceruk kecil dan dalam
04:08
in the depths of the brain.
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jauh di dalam otak.
04:10
So it was surprising to get
this kind of stem cell culture
this kind of stem cell culture
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Jadi sungguh mengejutkan untuk mendapatkan
kultur sel punca seperti ini
kultur sel punca seperti ini
04:14
from the superficial part
of swollen brain we had
of swollen brain we had
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dari bagian luar otak bengkak
yang kami dapatkan
yang kami dapatkan
04:16
in the operating theater.
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di ruang operasi.
04:18
And there was another
intriguing observation:
intriguing observation:
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Dan observasi menarik lainnya:
04:21
Regular stem cells
are very active cells --
are very active cells --
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Sel punca biasanya merupakan
sel yang sangat aktif --
sel yang sangat aktif --
04:26
cells that divide, divide,
divide very quickly.
divide very quickly.
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sel yang terus membelah diri
dengan sangat cepat.
dengan sangat cepat.
04:30
And they never die,
they're immortal cells.
they're immortal cells.
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Mereka tidak pernah mati,
mereka sel abadi.
mereka sel abadi.
04:33
But these cells behave differently.
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Namun sel yang ini sifatnya berbeda.
04:36
They divide slowly,
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Mereka membelah diri secara perlahan,
04:38
and after a few weeks of culture,
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dan setelah beberapa minggu pembiakan,
04:40
they even died.
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mereka bahkan mati.
04:43
So we were in front of a strange
new cell population
new cell population
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Jadi kami berhadapan dengan
populasi sel baru yang aneh
populasi sel baru yang aneh
04:46
that looked like stem cells
but behaved differently.
but behaved differently.
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yang terlihat seperti sel punca,
namun sifatnya berbeda.
namun sifatnya berbeda.
04:51
And it took us a long time
to understand where they came from.
to understand where they came from.
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Kami perlu waktu lama
untuk memahami asal sel ini.
untuk memahami asal sel ini.
04:55
They come from these cells.
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Mereka datang dari sel ini.
04:58
These blue and red cells are called
doublecortin-positive cells.
doublecortin-positive cells.
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Sel merah dan biru ini disebut
sel doublecortin positif.
sel doublecortin positif.
05:04
All of you have them in your brain.
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Anda semua memilikinya di otak Anda.
05:07
They represent four percent
of your cortical brain cells.
of your cortical brain cells.
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Sel ini jumlahnya 4% dari
sel kortikal otak.
sel kortikal otak.
05:11
They have a very important role
during the development stage.
during the development stage.
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Mereka punya peran sangat penting
dalam masa pertumbuhan.
dalam masa pertumbuhan.
05:15
When you were fetuses,
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Ketika Anda berupa janin,
05:18
they helped your brain to fold itself.
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sel ini membantu otak
untuk melekuk sendiri.
untuk melekuk sendiri.
05:22
But why do they stay in your head?
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Tapi kenapa mereka tetap berada di sana?
05:25
This, we don't know.
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Kami tidak tahu.
05:27
We think that they may
participate in brain repair
participate in brain repair
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Kami pikir mereka mungkin ikut berperan
dalam pemulihan otak
dalam pemulihan otak
05:30
because we find them
in higher concentration
in higher concentration
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karena kami menemukannya
dalam konsentrasi lebih tinggi
dalam konsentrasi lebih tinggi
05:34
close to brain lesions.
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di dekat luka otak.
05:35
But it's not so sure.
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Namun kami tidak begitu yakin.
05:37
But there is one clear thing --
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Tapi satu hal yang jelas --
05:40
that from these cells,
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yaitu dari sel-sel ini,
05:41
we got our stem cell culture.
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kami mendapatkan kultur sel punca.
05:45
And we were in front
of a potential new source of cells
of a potential new source of cells
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Kami menemukan potensi sumber sel baru
05:48
to repair the brain.
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untuk menyembuhkan otak.
05:50
And we had to prove this.
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Dan kami harus membuktikannya.
05:51
So to prove it,
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Untuk itu,
05:52
we decided to design
an experimental paradigm.
an experimental paradigm.
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kami harus merancang sebuah
paradigma eksperimen.
paradigma eksperimen.
05:56
The idea was to biopsy a piece of brain
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Caranya adalah dengan membiopsi
bagian otak
bagian otak
05:59
in a non-eloquent area of the brain,
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yang terletak di area otak non-sensorik,
06:02
and then to culture the cells
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lalu membiakkan selnya
06:04
exactly the way Jean-François
did it in his lab.
did it in his lab.
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sebagaimana Jean-François
melakukannya di dalam lab.
melakukannya di dalam lab.
06:07
And then label them, to put color in them
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Lalu melabelinya, memberinya warna
06:10
in order to be able
to track them in the brain.
to track them in the brain.
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agar bisa dilacak di dalam otak.
06:13
And the last step was to re-implant them
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Langkah terakhir adalah
menanamkannya kembali
menanamkannya kembali
06:15
in the same individual.
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pada orang yang sama.
06:17
We call these
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Kami menyebutnya
06:18
autologous grafts -- autografts.
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transplantasi autologous -- autograft.
06:21
So the first question we had,
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Pertanyaan pertama kami adalah,
06:24
"What will happen if we re-implant
these cells in a normal brain,
these cells in a normal brain,
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"Apa yang terjadi apabila kami menanam
kembali sel itu ke dalam otak normal,
kembali sel itu ke dalam otak normal,
06:29
and what will happen
if we re-implant the same cells
if we re-implant the same cells
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dan apa yang terjadi jika kami menanamnya
06:32
in a lesioned brain?"
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di otak yang terluka?"
06:33
Thanks to the help
of professor Eric Rouiller,
of professor Eric Rouiller,
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Berkat bantuan profesor Eric Rouiller,
06:36
we worked with monkeys.
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kami bisa bekerja dengan monyet.
06:39
So in the first-case scenario,
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Dalam skenario pertama,
06:41
we re-implanted the cells
in the normal brain
in the normal brain
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kami menanam kembali sel tersebut
dalam otak normal
dalam otak normal
06:45
and what we saw is that they completely
disappeared after a few weeks,
disappeared after a few weeks,
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dan berdasarkan pengamatan, sel itu
menghilang setelah beberapa minggu,
menghilang setelah beberapa minggu,
06:50
as if they were taken from the brain,
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seolah-olah, mereka diambil dari otak,
06:53
they go back home,
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mereka kembali ke asal,
06:54
the space is already busy,
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otak sudah berfungsi baik,
06:56
they are not needed there,
so they disappear.
so they disappear.
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sel itu tak dibutuhkan lagi,
jadi mereka menghilang.
jadi mereka menghilang.
06:59
In the second-case scenario,
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Di skenario kedua,
07:01
we performed the lesion,
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kami membuat luka,
07:03
we re-implanted exactly the same cells,
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kami menanam kembali sel yang sama,
07:06
and in this case, the cells remained --
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dan dalam kasus ini,
sel itu tetap tinggal --
sel itu tetap tinggal --
07:10
and they became mature neurons.
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dan mereka menjadi neuron dewasa.
07:13
And that's the image of what
we could observe under the microscope.
we could observe under the microscope.
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Inilah yang dapat kami amati
lewat mikroskop.
lewat mikroskop.
07:17
Those are the cells
that were re-implanted.
that were re-implanted.
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Itu adalah sel yang ditanam kembali.
07:20
And the proof they carry,
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Dan bukti mereka ada di sana,
07:22
these little spots, those
are the cells that we've labeled
are the cells that we've labeled
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bintik-bintik kecil, itu adalah
sel yang kami labeli
sel yang kami labeli
07:26
in vitro, when they were in culture.
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dalam tabung, ketika mereka dibiakkan.
07:29
But we could not stop here, of course.
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Namun kami tentu tidak bisa
berhenti di sini.
berhenti di sini.
07:32
Do these cells also help a monkey
to recover after a lesion?
to recover after a lesion?
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Apakah sel ini juga membantu monyet
sembuh setelah cedera?
sembuh setelah cedera?
07:37
So for that, we trained monkeys
to perform a manual dexterity task.
to perform a manual dexterity task.
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Untuk itu, kami melatih monyet untuk
melakukan uji ketangkasan manual.
melakukan uji ketangkasan manual.
07:42
They had to retrieve
food pellets from a tray.
food pellets from a tray.
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Mereka harus mengambil
butir makanan dari nampan.
butir makanan dari nampan.
07:45
They were very good at it.
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Mereka sangat tangkas.
07:47
And when they had reached
a plateau of performance,
a plateau of performance,
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Dan ketika mereka sudah sangat terlatih,
07:51
we did a lesion in the motor cortex
corresponding to the hand motion.
corresponding to the hand motion.
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kami membuat cedera di korteks gerak
yang berhubungan dengan gerakan tangan.
yang berhubungan dengan gerakan tangan.
07:57
So the monkeys were plegic,
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Jadi kalau monyet tersebut lumpuh,
07:59
they could not move their hand anymore.
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mereka tak bisa menggerakkan tangannya.
08:02
And exactly the same as humans would do,
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Seperti manusia,
08:05
they spontaneously recovered
to a certain extent,
to a certain extent,
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mereka langsung pulih
sampai tahap tertentu,
sampai tahap tertentu,
08:08
exactly the same as after a stroke.
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hampir sama seperti pasca stroke.
08:10
Patients are completely plegic,
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Pasien mengalami kelumpuhan,
08:12
and then they try to recover
due to a brain plasticity mechanism,
due to a brain plasticity mechanism,
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dan mereka berusaha sembuh berkat
mekanisme plastisitas otak,
mekanisme plastisitas otak,
08:17
they recover to a certain extent,
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dan pulih sampai tahap tertentu,
08:19
exactly the same for the monkey.
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persis sama dengan monyet percobaan.
08:21
So when we were sure that the monkey
had reached his plateau
had reached his plateau
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Maka ketika kami yakin monyet itu
telah mencapai tahap maksimal
telah mencapai tahap maksimal
08:24
of spontaneous recovery,
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pemulihan spontan,
08:27
we implanted his own cells.
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kami menanam kembali selnya.
08:30
So on the left side, you see the monkey
that has spontaneously recovered.
that has spontaneously recovered.
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Di bagian kiri, Anda lihat monyet tersebut
sudah sembuh secara spontan.
sudah sembuh secara spontan.
08:37
He's at about 40 to 50 percent
of his previous performance
of his previous performance
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Dia sudah mendapatkan kembali
40-50% kemampuan sebelumnya
40-50% kemampuan sebelumnya
08:42
before the lesion.
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sebelum cedera.
08:44
He's not so accurate, not so quick.
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Dia tidak seakurat dan secepat sebelumnya.
08:47
And look now, when we re-impant the cells:
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Dan lihat, ketika kami menanam
selnya kembali:
selnya kembali:
08:50
Two months after re-implantation,
the same individual.
the same individual.
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2 bulan setelah penanaman,
individu yang sama.
individu yang sama.
08:57
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
09:04
It was also very exciting results
for us, I tell you.
for us, I tell you.
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Ini juga sangat menarik bagi kami.
09:09
Since that time, we've understood
much more about these cells.
much more about these cells.
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Sejak saat itu, kami jauh lebih memahami
sel-sel ini.
sel-sel ini.
09:13
We know that we can cryopreserve them,
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Kami tahu bahwa kami dapat membekukannya,
09:15
we can use them later on.
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dan menggunakannya di waktu lain.
09:18
We know that we can apply them
in other neuropathological models,
in other neuropathological models,
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Kami tahu kami bisa mengaplikasikannya
di model neuropatologi lain,
di model neuropatologi lain,
09:22
like Parkinson's disease, for example.
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seperti penyakit Parkinson, misalnya.
09:24
But our dream is still
to implant them in humans.
to implant them in humans.
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Namun kami masih sangat ingin
menanamkannya pada manusia.
menanamkannya pada manusia.
09:28
And I really hope that I'll be able
to show you soon
to show you soon
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Dan saya harap saya bisa segera
menunjukkan pada Anda
menunjukkan pada Anda
09:33
that the human brain is giving us
the tools to repair itself.
the tools to repair itself.
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bahwa otak manusia punya cara
memperbaiki dirinya sendiri.
memperbaiki dirinya sendiri.
09:38
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
09:39
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
09:45
Bruno Giussani: Jocelyne, this is amazing,
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Bruno Giussani: Jocelyn, ini luar biasa,
09:49
and I'm sure that right now, there are
several dozen people in the audience,
several dozen people in the audience,
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dan saya yakin ada beberapa lusin orang
di sini,
di sini,
bahkan mungkin mayoritas,
09:53
possibly even a majority,
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yang berpikir, "Saya tahu seseorang
yang membutuhkan ini."
yang membutuhkan ini."
09:54
who are thinking, "I know
somebody who can use this."
somebody who can use this."
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09:57
I do, in any case.
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Saya begitu.
09:59
And of course the question is,
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Dan tentu pertanyaannya adalah,
10:01
what are the biggest obstacles
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apa tantangan terbesar,
10:03
before you can go
into human clinical trials?
into human clinical trials?
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sebelum Anda bisa melakukan
percobaan klinis pada manusia?
percobaan klinis pada manusia?
10:07
Jocelyne Bloch: The biggest
obstacles are regulations. (Laughs)
obstacles are regulations. (Laughs)
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Jocelyn Bloch: Tantangan terbesarnya
adalah undang-undang. (Tertawa)
adalah undang-undang. (Tertawa)
10:13
So, from these exciting results,
you need to fill out
you need to fill out
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Dari hasil menarik ini, Anda mesti mengisi
10:15
about two kilograms of papers and forms
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sekitar 2 kilo formulir dan persyaratan
10:19
to be able to go through these
kind of trials.
kind of trials.
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untuk bisa melakukan
percobaan seperti ini.
percobaan seperti ini.
BG: Yang mana bisa dimengerti,
soalnya otak kan rawan, dsb.
soalnya otak kan rawan, dsb.
10:22
BG: Which is understandable,
the brain is delicate, etc.
the brain is delicate, etc.
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10:24
JB: Yes, it is, but it takes a long time
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JB: Ya, memang, tapi perlu waktu lama,
10:27
and a lot of patience and almost
a professional team to do it, you know?
a professional team to do it, you know?
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kesabaran penuh
dan tim profesional untuk itu.
dan tim profesional untuk itu.
10:31
BG: If you project yourself --
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BG: Jika Anda perkirakan --
10:33
having done the research
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setelah melakukan riset
10:34
and having tried to get
permission to start the trials,
permission to start the trials,
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dan mencoba mendapat perizinan
untuk memulai percobaan,
untuk memulai percobaan,
10:38
if you project yourself out in time,
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jika Anda perhitungkan,
10:42
how many years before
somebody gets into a hospital
somebody gets into a hospital
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perlu berapa tahun sampai masyarakat
10:46
and this therapy is available?
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dapat mengakses terapi ini di rumah sakit?
10:49
JB: So, it's very difficult to say.
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JB: Sangat sulit untuk memperkirakan.
10:51
It depends, first,
on the approval of the trial.
on the approval of the trial.
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Pertama, itu tergantung dari
persetujuan percobaan.
persetujuan percobaan.
10:55
Will the regulation allow us
to do it soon?
to do it soon?
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Apakah undang-undang akan memberi izin
untuk segera dilakukan?
untuk segera dilakukan?
10:58
And then, you have to perform
this kind of study
this kind of study
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Lalu, Anda harus melakukan studi macam ini
11:01
in a small group of patients.
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pada satu kelompok kecil pasien.
11:04
So it takes, already, a long time
to select the patients,
to select the patients,
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Pemilihan pasien itu sendiri
memakan banyak waktu,
memakan banyak waktu,
11:07
do the treatment
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melakukan pengobatan
11:09
and evaluate if it's useful
to do this kind of treatment.
to do this kind of treatment.
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dan mengevaluasi apakah
pengobatan semacam ini bermanfaat.
pengobatan semacam ini bermanfaat.
11:13
And then you have to deploy
this to a multicentric trial.
this to a multicentric trial.
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Lalu Anda harus melakukannya
pada percobaan multisentris.
pada percobaan multisentris.
11:17
You have to really prove
first that it's useful
first that it's useful
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Pertama Anda harus betul-betul membuktikan
bahwa ini berguna
bahwa ini berguna
11:21
before offering this treatment
up for everybody.
up for everybody.
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sebelum menawarkan pengobatan ini
untuk umum.
untuk umum.
11:24
BG: And safe, of course. JB: Of course.
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BG: Dan aman, tentu saja.
JB: Tentu.
JB: Tentu.
11:26
BG: Jocelyne, thank you for coming
to TED and sharing this.
to TED and sharing this.
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BG: Jocelyne, terima kasih sudah datang
dan berbagi di TED.
dan berbagi di TED.
11:29
BG: Thank you.
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BG: Terima kasih.
11:30
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jocelyne Bloch - Functional neurosurgeonJocelyne Bloch is helping to unlock potential self-healing capacities of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Swiss neurosurgeon Jocelyne Bloch is an expert in deep brain stimulation and neuromodulation for movement disorders. Her recent work focuses on cortical cells, called doublecortin, related to neurogenesis and brain repair. In collaboration with Jean François Brunet and others, she is pioneering the development of adult brain cell transplantation for patients with stroke, using their own stem cells. She aims at gathering all these novel therapeutic strategies under a common umbrella that will optimize treatment options for patients suffering from neurological impairments. She is in charge of the functional neurosurgery unit at the Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV).
Jocelyne Bloch | Speaker | TED.com