Juna Kollmeier: The most detailed map of galaxies, black holes and stars ever made
Juna Kollmeier: O mapa mais detalhado de galáxias, buracos negros e estrelas já feito
Using all the techniques known to astronomy -- mathematics, computers and data from telescopes on the ground and in space -- Juna Kollmeier seeks to understand how the universe formed by mapping stars, galaxies and black holes at scale. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
I was afraid of the dark.
tinha medo do escuro.
onde ficam os monstros.
outside of my bedroom
fora do meu quarto
turned to curiosity.
transformou-se em curiosidade.
is something that's fascinated humans
é algo que fascina os seres humanos
of their attempts to map the sky.
de suas tentativas de mapear o céu.
tem mais de 30 mil anos.
that it's a carving of Orion
que é uma escultura de Orion
tem mais de 6 mil anos
in ancient China.
da China antiga.
foot in the middle --
na parte central,
that you're looking at the Moon phases
que está observando as fases da Lua
that's the Pleiades, the Seven Sisters.
são as Plêiades, as Sete Irmãs.
mapping the sky for a long time.
o céu há muito tempo.
as a species in the galaxy
against the darkness.
contra as trevas.
going to engage in this battle,
vai se envolver nessa batalha,
three essential elements.
três elementos essenciais.
that are giving off light,
that are collecting that light,
what that light is.
o que é essa luz.
the Moon phases over time
as fases da Lua ao longo do tempo
your more basic telescope.
seu telescópio mais básico.
what that means with your brains,
disso com o cérebro,
of your more basic instruments.
mais básicos que temos.
extremely precisely.
com extrema precisão.
the front line to the battle.
and his buddy, or his assistant, really,
ou assistente dele, na verdade,
is just infinite, which it is,
é simplesmente infinito, é verdade,
vencer a batalha.
with one or two of your besties.
de seus melhores amigos.
requer um exército,
curiosos e criativos,
can accomplish the extraordinary.
podem realizar o extraordinário.
de pessoas criativas,
of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, SDSS.
do Sloan Digital Sky Survey, SDSS.
to shepherd individual curiosity
guiar a curiosidade individual
to make discoveries
de fazer descobertas,
to truly advance the frontier.
para realmente avançar a fronteira.
into three mappers:
em três mapeadores:
depending on how you count,
dependendo de como é contado,
plus or minus a few hundred billion stars.
tem 250 bilhões mais ou menos,
that you hold in your head.
make practical sense
sentido prático a quase ninguém.
in your hand. You know?
all of those stars yet.
todas essas estrelas ainda.
the most interesting ones.
6 milhões de estrelas,
a idade de uma estrela,
the age of a star,
spread all throughout the Milky Way.
espalhados por toda a Via Láctea.
and fossil record of our galaxy
e o registro fóssil de nossa galáxia
right to the chase here.
sobre os aspectos importantes.
objects in the universe.
mais intrigantes do Universo.
math incarnate, in a physical form,
a matemática encarnada, numa forma física,
and walking around the corridors here.
e andando pelos corredores aqui.
and it's super dense and that's weird.
superdensa e estranha.
têm uma superfície.
and we know that now.
e sabemos disso agora.
about black holes
sobre buracos negros
by studying the material
of no information return.
sem retorno de informação.
and optical and UV and radio waves.
e ondas ópticas, de UV e de rádio.
how these objects grow.
como esses objetos crescem.
half a million supermassive black holes,
de buracos negros supermassivos,
you guys are all familiar with that.
average galaxy.
completamente normal.
and all the Milky Ways,
e todas as Via Lácteas,
na adolescência.
no centro deles
amount of energy.
enorme de energia.
how does this transformation happen?
to the bellies of the beast
para o interior da fera
where they are occurring
processos estão ocorrendo
grows up into Ward Cleaver.
torna-se Ward Cleaver.
hosts the Sloan telescope in New Mexico,
o telescópio Sloan, no Novo México,
telescope, the du Pont.
is the size of our mirror,
é o tamanho de nosso espelho,
on these old telescopes
nesses velhos telescópios
of those objects into our aperture,
esses objetos em nossa abertura,
at the focal plane,
and process that light.
ficam e a processam.
entirely robotic.
totalmente robótico.
the Blade Runners among you,
os Blade Runners entre vocês,
of each telescope in each hemisphere.
telescópio em cada hemisfério.
e um campo de estrelas.
galaxies, black holes.
as we pass over them
objetos quando passamos por eles
and black holes, and yes,
e buracos negros, e sim,
that black holes are weird.
buracos negros são estranhos.
in our cosmic backyard.
em nosso quintal cósmico.
crescendo o tempo todo.
map the sky one time.
simplesmente mapear o céu uma vez.
to each part of the sky multiple times
a cada parte do céu várias vezes
these objects change over time.
mudam com o tempo.
encode the physics,
codificam a física
are growing and changing.
estão crescendo e mudando.
millions of objects, mow the sky,
milhões de objetos, cortar o céu,
industrial machine going,
industrial funcionando,
lone wolf genius," right?
individual, curioso, solitário", não é?
de escola holandesa
versions of the SDSS data,
públicas dos dados do SDSS,
incredibly rare type of object,
de objeto incrivelmente raro,
and by mandate from the Sloan Foundation,
e por autorização da Sloan Foundation,
gama de pessoas.
a fancy astrophysicist to participate.
um astrofísico de nível superior
"Can moons have moons?"
four-year-olds over all of time
de quatro anos de idade, todo o tempo,
didn't know the answer.
não sabiam a resposta.
that can host hypothetical submoons.
que podem hospedar subluas hipotéticas.
that there are so many basic questions
que há muitas questões básicas
important point about SDSS.
mais importante sobre o SDSS.
the black holes, the robots --
os buracos negros, os robôs,
on a rubble pile
em uma pilha de escombros
in a totally average galaxy
em uma galáxia totalmente comum
to understand their world.
para entender o mundo delas.
in large surveys since about 1980.
em grandes pesquisas desde 1980.
in the observable universe by 2060.
do Universo observável até 2060.
from arranging clamshells
in a few thousand years --
em alguns milhares de anos,
of our right to understand our universe.
de entender nosso Universo.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juna Kollmeier - Theoretical astrophysicistUsing all the techniques known to astronomy -- mathematics, computers and data from telescopes on the ground and in space -- Juna Kollmeier seeks to understand how the universe formed by mapping stars, galaxies and black holes at scale.
Why you should listen
As she tells it, Juna Kollmeier believes "all humans have an inalienable right to know about their world. For the past two decades, I have been studying the cosmos -- from planets to galaxies to black holes. I am currently making a new map of the sky -- the fifth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey."
Led to a career in astrophysics by "a STEM camp in Michigan," Kollmeier is currently an astrophysicist at the Carnegie Institution for Science. Her research focuses on the emergence of structure in the universe on multiple scales and how the tiny fluctuations in density that were present when the universe was only 300,000 old became the stars, galaxies and black holes that we see now. Her goal is to complete this new SDSS sky map and to make sure these data remain available to the public for study.
Juna Kollmeier | Speaker | TED.com