TED2008
Gregory Petsko: The coming neurological epidemic
Gregory Petsko despre iminenta epidemie neurologica
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Gregory Petsko, biochimist, expune o argumentatie convingatoare despre epidemia de boli neurologice, precum Alzheimer-ul, care ne va invada in viitorii 50 de ani odata cu imbatranirea populatiei. Solutia sa: intensificarea cercetarii creierului si a functiilor sale.
Gregory Petsko - Bioengineer
Gregory Petsko is a biochemist who studies the proteins of the body and their biochemical function. Working with Dagmar Ringe, he's doing pioneering work in the way we look at proteins and what they do. Full bio
Gregory Petsko is a biochemist who studies the proteins of the body and their biochemical function. Working with Dagmar Ringe, he's doing pioneering work in the way we look at proteins and what they do. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Unless we do something to prevent it,
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Pana cand nu vom face ceva sa o prevenim,
00:14
over the next 40 years we’re facing an epidemic
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in urmatorii 40 de ani vom avea de-a face cu o epidemie
00:17
of neurologic diseases on a global scale.
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de boli neurologice la scara mondiala.
00:20
A cheery thought.
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O perspectiva optimista.
00:24
On this map, every country that’s colored blue
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Pe aceasta harta, fiecare tara care e colorata in albastru
00:27
has more than 20 percent of its population over the age of 65.
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are mai mult de 20% din populatie cu varste de peste 65 de ani.
00:31
This is the world we live in.
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Aceasta este lumea in care traim.
00:33
And this is the world your children will live in.
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Si aceasta e lumea in care vor trai copiii vostri.
00:37
For 12,000 years, the distribution of ages in the human population
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In ultimii 12000 de ani, distributia varstelor in populatia umana
00:41
has looked like a pyramid, with the oldest on top.
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a aratat ca o piramida, cu cei mai in varsta in varf.
00:44
It’s already flattening out.
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Deja isi pierde aspectul.
00:46
By 2050, it’s going to be a column and will start to invert.
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In jur de 2050 va fi devenit o coloana si va incepe sa se inverseze.
00:50
This is why it’s happening.
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Iata de ce se intampla acest fenomen.
00:53
The average lifespan’s more than doubled since 1840,
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Dupa 1840, durata medie de viata s-a dublat cel putin,
00:56
and it’s increasing currently at the rate of about five hours every day.
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si continua sa creasca cu o rata de aproximativ 5h pe zi.
01:01
And this is why that’s not entirely a good thing:
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Si iata de ce tendinta asta nu este in totalitate un lucru bun:
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because over the age of 65, your risk of getting Alzheimer’s
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deoarece peste varsta de 65 de ani, riscul de a dezvolta boala Alzheimer
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or Parkinson’s disease will increase exponentially.
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sau Parkinson creste exponential.
01:12
By 2050, there’ll be about 32 million people in the United States
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Prin 2050 vor fi aproximativ 32 de milioane de oameni in Statele Unite
01:16
over the age of 80, and unless we do something about it,
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cu varste de peste 80 de ani, si daca nu facem ceva,
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half of them will have Alzheimer’s disease
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jumatate dintre ei vor avea boala Alzheimer
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and three million more will have Parkinson’s disease.
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iar alte 3 milioane vor avea boala Parkinson.
01:24
Right now, those and other neurologic diseases --
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Chiar in momentul de fata, aceste boli si alte afectiuni neurologice --
01:27
for which we have no cure or prevention --
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pentru care nu avem niciun tratament sau metoda de preventie --
01:30
cost about a third of a trillion dollars a year.
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costa aproximativ o treime de trilion de dolari pe an.
01:32
It will be well over a trillion dollars by 2050.
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Va fi cu mult peste un trilion de dolari in 2050.
01:36
Alzheimer’s disease starts when a protein
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Boala Alzheimer incepe cand o proteina
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that should be folded up properly
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care ar trebui sa fie pliata cumsecade
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misfolds into a kind of demented origami.
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se pliaza gresit intr-un soi de origami dement.
01:44
So one approach we’re taking is to try to design drugs
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Deci una dintre abordari este de a crea medicamente
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that function like molecular Scotch tape,
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care sa functioneze ca un adeziv molecular,
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to hold the protein into its proper shape.
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si sa tina proteina in forma ei justa.
01:53
That would keep it from forming the tangles
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Asta ar trebui sa o impiedice sa formeze ghemuri
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that seem to kill large sections of the brain when they do.
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care par a fi responsabile de distrugerea unor mari portiuni din creier atunci cand apar.
01:59
Interestingly enough, other neurologic diseases
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Este interesant insa ca si alte boli neurologice
02:01
which affect very different parts of the brain
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care afecteaza parti foarte diferite din creier
02:04
also show tangles of misfolded protein,
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prezinta de asemenea ghemuri de proteine pliate gresit,
02:07
which suggests that the approach might be a general one,
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fapt care sugereaza ca strategia propusa ar putea fi generala,
02:10
and might be used to cure many neurologic diseases,
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si sa poate fi folosita in tratarea mai multor boli neurologice.
02:12
not just Alzheimer’s disease.
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nu numai a bolii Alzheimer.
02:14
There’s also a fascinating connection to cancer here,
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Mai exista si o interesanta conexiune cu cancerul aici,
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because people with neurologic diseases
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deoarece oamenii cu afectiuni neurologice
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have a very low incidence of most cancers.
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au o foarte mica incidenta a cancerelor.
02:22
And this is a connection that most people aren’t pursuing right now,
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Si iata ca aceasta este o legatura pe care cei mai multi oameni nu o cerceteaza in prezent,
02:25
but which we’re fascinated by.
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dar de care suntem fascinati.
02:28
Most of the important and all of the creative work in this area
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Mare parte din munca importanta si intregul efort creativ in acest domeniu
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is being funded by private philanthropies.
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sunt finantate de fundatiile filantropice private.
02:34
And there’s tremendous scope for additional private help here,
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Si inca mai este loc pentru o multime de ajutor privat,
02:37
because the government has dropped the ball on much of this, I’m afraid.
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pentru ca ma tem ca guvernul a cam lasat balta acest domeniu.
02:40
In the meantime, while we’re waiting for all these things to happen,
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In timp ce asteptam ca aceste lucruri sa se intample,
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here’s what you can do for yourself.
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iata ce puteti face pentru voi insiva.
02:46
If you want to lower your risk of Parkinson’s disease,
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Daca vreti sa diminuati riscul pentru boala Parkinson,
02:48
caffeine is protective to some extent; nobody knows why.
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cafeina protejeaza intr-o oarecare masura; nimeni nu stie de ce.
02:53
Head injuries are bad for you. They lead to Parkinson’s disease.
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Leziunile capului sunt insa daunatoare. Ele pot precipita aparitia bolii Parkinson.
02:56
And the Avian Flu is also not a good idea.
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De asemenea gripa aviara nu este o idee prea buna.
03:01
As far as protecting yourself against Alzheimer’s disease,
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Cat despre protectia impotriva bolii Alzheimer,
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well, it turns out that fish oil has the effect
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pare ca uleiul de peste are un efect
03:07
of reducing your risk for Alzheimer’s disease.
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de reducere a riscului pentru aceasta boala.
03:10
You should also keep your blood pressure down,
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De asemenea ar trebui sa tineti presiunea sangelui in limite decente,
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because chronic high blood pressure
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deoarece hipertensiunea cronica
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is the biggest single risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease.
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este unicul mare factor de risc in boala Alzheimer.
03:16
It’s also the biggest risk factor for glaucoma,
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Tot ea reprezinta cel mai mare factor de risc pentru glaucom,
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which is just Alzheimer’s disease of the eye.
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care este un fel de boala Alzheimer a ochiului.
03:22
And of course, when it comes to cognitive effects,
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Si desigur, cand ajungem la efectele cognitive,
03:24
"use it or lose it" applies,
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principiul "foloseste sau pierde totul" se aplica pe deplin,
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so you want to stay mentally stimulated.
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si de aceea ar fi bine sa va mentineti stimulati mental.
03:28
But hey, you’re listening to me.
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Dar uite ca acum ma ascultati pe mine.
03:30
So you’ve got that covered.
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Deci partea asta o aveti acoperita.
03:32
And one final thing. Wish people like me luck, okay?
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Si inca un lucru la final. Urati celor ca mine multa bafta, da?
03:36
Because the clock is ticking for all of us.
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Pentru ca ceasul bate pentru noi toti.
03:38
Thank you.
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Va multumesc.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gregory Petsko - BioengineerGregory Petsko is a biochemist who studies the proteins of the body and their biochemical function. Working with Dagmar Ringe, he's doing pioneering work in the way we look at proteins and what they do.
Why you should listen
Gregory Petsko's own biography, on his Brandeis faculty homepage, might seem intimidatingly abstruse to the non-biochemist -- he studies "the structural basis for efficient enzymic catalysis of proton and hydride transfer; the role of the metal ions in bridged bimetalloenzyme active sites; direct visualization of proteins in action by time-resolved protein crystallography; the evolution of new enzyme activities from old ones; and the biology of the quiescent state in eukaryotic cells."
But for someone so deeply in touch with the minutest parts of our bodies, Petsko is also a wide-ranging mind, concerned about larger health policy issues. The effect of mass population shifts -- such as our current trend toward a senior-citizen society -- maps onto his world of tiny proteins to create a compeling new worldview.
Gregory Petsko | Speaker | TED.com