José Bowen: Beethoven the businessman
José Bowen is an accomplished musician and teacher who explores how technology has shaped the history of music. Full bio
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которое пришло мне в голову, —
I thought of for this talk,
I am going to tell you the story,
for yourselves.
was that I would tell the story
literally from the beginning,
буквально с самого начала:
the first 10,000 years just sailed by.
10 000 лет прошли незаметно.
if you want to make music,
если вы хотели творить музыку,
instruments, those sorts of things.
потом инструменты и так далее.
we start to get a performing class,
появился класс исполнителей,
who were really good at pounding rocks.
умели стучать камнями.
we're still basically doing this.
мы делали именно это.
for the most part,
на дорогих инструментах,
complicated instruments,
in the 18th century,
хотели послушать музыку,
you had to go to a civic event,
making music live.
social interaction.
социального взаимодействия.
there was no record player.
you had to get out of the house.
нужно было выйти из дома.
no music in your house.
from the beginning,
together, these two disruptions.
одновременно — два «прорыва».
in the 18th century,
that you could mass-produce cheaply.
стало массовым и дешёвым.
that's not too expensive,
if the second disruption hadn't happened
не второй «прорыв».
how to do cheap music printing.
дешёвые музыкальные партитуры.
and the other kind of printing?
to distribute sheet music?
of the American Revolution,
Американской революции
the first time this happened,
when, all of a sudden,
I've got to go hear Mozart."
to actually go hear Mozart.
идти слушать Моцарта.
you didn't download Mozart.
Моцарта или скачать его.
at least not easily or cheaply.
это было нелегко и недёшево.
Моцарта или Баха,
in fact, there's a new market.
что существует новый рынок.
to actually go to London.
and mass-distributed,
and everybody else will play my music."
сможет играть мою музыку».
of music for everybody.
changes the global pyramid,
глобальную пирамиду,
of composers and performers --
музыкантов, композиторов и исполнителей —
играть у вас на свадьбе,
you're starting to see a theme.
теперь-то вы начинаете понимать.
for music delivery;
player, the gramophone, the player piano.
проигрыватель, граммофон, пианола.
Rachmaninoff sheet music,
to the concert hall.
of recording device.
записывающим устройствам.
you're Doc Ross in Texas,
market, you've got it nailed.
there's this new thing called "radio."
замечательная вещь, как радио.
and Duke Ellington and Benny Goodman.
Бэйcи, Дюка Эллингтона, Бенни Гудмана.
в конкурентной борьбе.
has gone global,
выходит на глобальный уровень,
and digital files and Garage Band,
файлов и программ GarageBand,
all over again.
about these two guys.
are entrepreneurs.
are software designers.
программного обеспечения.
on that piece of hardware over there.
на устройствах, похожих на вон то.
if you have my piece of paper.
если у вас есть мои бумажки.
does it sound good?
they weren't very useful.
были не очень полезны.
are software designers.
программного обеспечения.
they also both live at a time
is changing very quickly.
old enough to remember,
back to Windows whatever,
and your love of Bill Gates,
software package came out,
пакета программного обеспечения
he had this instrument up on top,
у него был лучший инструмент
he doesn't have a piano that can do this.
у него не было такого фортепиано.
изготовитель фортепиано, —
do you want to get that piano?
have to adopt your technology.
your fastest, latest computer,
современный компьютер Биллу Гейтсу,
all the memory.
его на всю катушку.
Beethoven a new piano.
Бетховену новое фортепиано,
he writes a piece that can do that.
музыку и использует все возможности.
Beethoven piano sonata,
Бетховена для фортепиано,
and you've got a five-octave piano
фортепиано на пять октав —
latest technology last year.
технология прошлого года.
piano sonata, and what happens?
сонату Бетховена, и что дальше?
the same relationship with his audience
взаимоотношения с публикой,
smarter than Bill Gates.
his new Érard piano,
новое фортепиано от Эрара,
концерт для пианино,
and he and uses all those extra notes.
все эти дополнительные клавиши.
and gives the concert?
he has in Vienna
on the piano. It's great.
Великолепно.
has one of these latest things.
такие современные инструменты».
publishes piano sonatas
публиковать сонаты для фортепиано
about Beethoven -- basically wrong.
for the popular market --
для массового рынка, —
himself, but the piano sonatas --
играл бы он сам, а сонаты, —
in some part of Southern Italy,
disruptions in music technology?
на музыкальную индустрию?
and they really all worked the same way.
работают по одному принципу.
and the piano.
is: it redefines the product.
взгляд на продукт.
that you can then take home.
it becomes a digital file.
цифровым файлом.
you've got to go listen to Bach;
вы должны идти и слушать его,
and we've got composers,
исполнители и композиторы
manipulate music like you just saw.
музыкой, как вы только что видели.
Count Basie and Benny Goodman,
Каунта Бэйcи и Бенни Гудмана,
with your local band as much anymore.
понравится местная группа,
listen to Benny Goodman some more."
«Я хочу послушать Бенни Гудмана ещё!»
that you didn't use to hear.
чего не могли раньше.
we take away some social interaction.
социальное взаимодействие.
play Beethoven at home.
the sheet music, you can go home,
Бетховена, пойти домой,
that do the same thing.
of social interaction.
experience each time.
I can play it slower.
the experience now.
the marketplace gets bigger.
выбор — рынок расширяется.
in those music stores goes up.
магазинов увеличивается.
you can't always tell what you want.
нельзя диктовать свои условия.
How do you pick?
Как же мне его сделать?»
that's not on the list:
мы не внесли в список:
Гайдна и Шопена было то,
to write fake Chopin
comforted by the fact,
who buy fake Chopin
you know what he does?
предприниматель, знаете, что сделал?
France, Germany and England
Франции, Германии и Англии
international copyright,
published on the same day.
are different on purpose,
страны специально различаются.
to track who was a pirate.
кто занимается пиратством.
that Sony thought of.
it makes it more global,
делают рынок глобальным,
to have a marketing filter.
маркетинговый фильтр.
that's not always direct.
но не всегда это выходит напрямую.
когда кто-то вам скажет:
of disruptions in music technology
в музыкальной индустрии
is the same as we see
because of these things called books.
что ваш продукт — книги.
novels without books.
in the record business.
only because that was the technology
потому что это технология,
gas or buying food;
на покупку газа, продуктов питания,
points all over the place.
a different distribution system.
другие способы распространения.
about what we're selling.
над тем, что же мы продаём.
interaction is not going to go away.
взаимодействие не исчезнет.
here, as we've demonstrated today,
ценность, как мы показали сегодня,
to know each other.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
José Bowen - Professor of musicJosé Bowen is an accomplished musician and teacher who explores how technology has shaped the history of music.
Why you should listen
In his over thirty-year career in music, José Bowen has appeared internationally with artists like Stan Getz, Dizzy Gillespie, and Bobby McFerrin, written over one hundred scholarly articles, and composed a Pulitzer Prize nominated symphony. He began teaching at Stanford University in 1982 before moving on to University of Southampton, Georgetown University, Miami University, and Southern Methodist University -- where he now resides as Dean of the Meadows School of the Arts, and Algur H. Meadows Chair and Professor of Music.
José Bowen | Speaker | TED.com