TEDxExeter
Bandi Mbubi: Demand a fair trade cell phone
Bandi Mbubi: Požiadavka spravodlivého obchodu s mobilnými telefónmi.
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Váš mobilný telefón, počítač a herná konzola majú krvavú budúcnosť, ktorá sa spája s ťažbou tantalu a ktorá financuje vojnu v Konžskej demokratickej republike. Aktivista a utečenec Bandi Mbubi na základe vlastného príbehu strhujúco vyzýva do boja. (Natočené na podujatí TEDx v Exeteri).
Bandi Mbubi - Social Justice Activist
Bandi Mbubi would like to make sure that you are using a fair trade cell phone. Full bio
Bandi Mbubi would like to make sure that you are using a fair trade cell phone. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
I want to talk to you today
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Chcel by som vám dnes povedať
00:19
about a difficult topic that is close to me,
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o zložitej téme, ktorá mi je blízka,
00:22
and closer than you might realize to you.
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bližšia, než si možno viete predstaviť.
00:26
I came to the U.K. 21 years ago
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Do Británie som prišiel pred 21 rokmi
00:29
as an asylum-seeker.
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a hľadal som tu azyl.
00:32
I was 21.
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Mal som 21.
00:34
I was forced to leave the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
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Bol som donútený opustiť Konžskú demokratickú republiku,
00:38
my home, where I was a student activist.
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môj domov, kde som pôsobil ako študentský aktivista.
00:44
I would love my children to be able to meet my family
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Túžim po tom, aby sa moje deti mohli stretnúť
00:47
in the Congo.
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s mojou rodinou v Kongu.
00:51
But I want to tell you what the Congo has got to do with you.
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Chcem vám povedať, čo má Kongo s vami spoločné.
00:56
But first of all, I want you to do me a favor.
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Avšak najprv by ste mi mohli urobiť láskavosť.
01:00
Can you all please reach into your pockets
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Mohli by ste siahnuť do svojich vreciek
01:03
and take out your mobile phone?
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a vytiahnuť mobilné telefóny?
01:09
Feel that familiar weight,
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Cítite tú známu váhu,
01:14
how naturally your finger slides towards the buttons.
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vaše prsty sa prirodzene skĺznu k tlačidlám.
01:17
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
01:20
Can you imagine your world without it?
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Viete si bez neho predstaviť život?
01:22
It connects us to our loved ones,
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Spája nás s našimi milovanými,
01:25
our family, friends and colleagues,
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s rodinou, priateľmi, kolegami
01:28
at home and overseas.
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doma i v zahraničí.
01:31
It is a symbol of an interconnected world.
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Je to symbol prepojeného sveta.
01:35
But what you hold in your hand leaves a bloody trail,
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Ale to, čo držíte v ruke, zanecháva krvavú stopu,
01:41
and it all boils down to a mineral:
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a všetko to smeruje k jednému nerastu:
01:45
tantalum, mined in the Congo as coltan.
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tantalu, ktorý sa ťaží v Kongu ako coltan (kolumbit-tantalit).
01:50
It is an anticorrosive heat conductor.
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Je to nehrdzavejúci tepelný vodič.
01:53
It stores energy in our mobile phones,
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Uchováva energiu v našich mobilných telefónoch,
01:57
Playstations and laptops.
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Playstationoch a laptopoch.
02:00
It is used in aerospace and medical equipment
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Ako zliatina sa používa v leteckom a kozmickom priemysle
02:04
as alloys.
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a v zdravotníckych zariadeniach.
02:06
It is so powerful
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Je taký silný,
02:08
that we only need tiny amounts.
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že nám stačia maličké množstvá.
02:11
It would be great if the story ended there.
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Bolo by skvelé, keby tu príbeh končil.
02:15
Unfortunately, what you hold in your hand
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Nanešťastie to, čo držíte v ruke,
02:19
has not only enabled incredible technological development
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neumožnilo len fantastický technologický pokrok
02:24
and industrial expansion,
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a rozmach priemyslu,
02:28
but it has also contributed to unimaginable
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ale taktiež aj prispelo k nepredstaviteľnému
02:31
human suffering.
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ľudskému trápeniu.
02:34
Since 1996, over five million people have died
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Od roku 1996 zomrelo v Konžskej demokratickej republike
02:39
in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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viac ako 5 miliónov ľudí.
02:42
Countless women, men and children
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Nespočetné množstvo žien, mužov a detí
02:45
have been raped, tortured or enslaved.
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bolo znásilnených, mučených alebo zotročených.
02:50
Rape is used as a weapon of war,
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Znásilňovanie je nástrojom vojny,
02:53
instilling fear
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vyvoláva strach
02:56
and depopulating whole areas.
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a vyľudňuje celé oblasti.
02:59
The quest for extracting this mineral
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Honba za dolovaním tohto minerálu
03:02
has not only aided, but it has fueled,
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nielen prispela, ale podnietila
03:07
the ongoing war in the Congo.
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prebiehajúcu vojnu v Kongu.
03:13
But don't throw away your phones yet.
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Ale ešte nezahadzujte svoje mobily.
03:15
Thirty thousand children are enlisted
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30 000 detí bolo odvedených
03:20
and are made to fight in armed groups.
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a sú nútené bojovať v ozbrojených skupinách.
03:25
The Congo consistently scores dreadfully
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Kongo má neustále hrozné výsledky
03:30
in global health and poverty rankings.
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v globálnych hodnoteniach zdravia a chudoby.
03:34
But remarkably, the U.N. Environmental Programme
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Je pozoruhodné, že Environmentálny program OSN
03:38
has estimated the wealth of the country
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odhaduje bohatstvo krajiny
03:41
to be over 24 trillion dollars.
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na vyše 24 biliónov dolárov.
03:50
The state-regulated mining industry has collapsed,
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Štátom regulovaný banský priemysel skolaboval
03:55
and control over mines
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a kontrola nad baňami
03:57
has splintered.
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sa rozštiepila.
03:59
Coltan is easily controlled by armed groups.
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Coltan bez problémov ovládajú ozbrojené skupiny.
04:03
One well-known illicit trade route
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Jednou z nelegálnych obchodných ciest
04:06
is that across the border to Rwanda,
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je tá cez hranicu s Rwandou,
04:09
where Congolese tantalum is disguised as Rwandan.
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kde sa konžský tantal maskuje za rwandský.
04:13
But don't throw away your phones yet,
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Ale nezahadzujte ešte svoje mobily,
04:16
because the incredible irony is that
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pretože tou neuveriteľnou iróniou je to,
04:19
the technology that has placed such unsustainable,
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že technológia, ktorá vrhla na Kongo
04:23
devastating demands on the Congo
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neudržateľné a ničivé požiadavky,
04:25
is the same technology
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je presne tá istá technológia,
04:28
that has brought this situation to our attention.
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ktorá nás na túto situáciu upozornila.
04:32
We only know so much about the situation in the Congo
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O situácii v Kongu
04:36
and in the mines
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a v baniach vieme veľa
04:37
because of the kind of communication
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len vďaka forme komunikácie,
04:39
the mobile phone allows.
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ktorú umožňujú mobilné telefóny.
04:44
As with the Arab Spring,
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Presne ako počas Arabskej jari,
04:46
during the recent elections in the Congo,
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voliči v nedávnych voľbách v Kongu mohli
04:49
voters were able to send text messages
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posielať textové správy
04:53
of local polling stations to the headquarters
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z miestnych volebných miestností do centrály
04:56
in the capital, Kinshasa,
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v hlavnom meste Kinshasa
05:00
and in the wake of the result,
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a tesne po vyhlásení výsledkov
05:05
the diaspora has joined with the Carter Center,
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sa diaspóra spojila s Carterovým centrom,
05:09
the Catholic Church and other observers
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s katolíckou cirkvou a inými pozorovateľmi,
05:12
to draw attention to the undemocratic result.
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aby upriamili pozornosť na nedemokratický výsledok.
05:17
The mobile phone has given people around the world
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Mobilný telefón dal ľuďom na celom svete
05:22
an important tool towards gaining their political freedom.
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dôležitý nástroj k dosiahnutiu ich politickej slobody.
05:28
It has truly revolutionized the way
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Naozaj priniesol prevrat v tom,
05:31
we communicate on the planet.
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ako na našej planéte komunikujeme.
05:34
It has allowed momentous political change
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Dovolil, aby sa udiali dôležité
05:37
to take place.
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politické zmeny.
05:40
So
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Takže,
05:41
we are faced with a paradox.
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čelíme paradoxu.
05:46
The mobile phone is an instrument of freedom
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Mobil je nástrojom slobody
05:50
and an instrument of oppression.
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a nástrojom utláčania.
05:55
TED has always
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V TED-e sa vždy
05:58
celebrated what technology can do for us,
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oslavovalo, čo pre nás dokáže technológia urobiť,
06:02
technology in its finished form.
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myslím technológiu v hotovej podobe.
06:04
It is time
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Je čas,
06:06
to be asking questions about technology.
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aby sme sa pýtali otázky o technológii.
06:10
Where does it come from?
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Odkiaľ prichádza?
06:12
Who makes it?
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Kto ju robí?
06:15
And for what?
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A prečo?
06:18
Here I am speaking directly to you,
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Som tu, hovorím priamo s vami,
06:21
the TED community,
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s komunitou TED-u,
06:23
and to all those who might be watching on a screen,
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a so všetkými, ktorí to pozerajú na obrazovke,
06:27
on your phone, across the world,
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na mobile, po celom svete,
06:30
in the Congo.
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v Kongu.
06:33
All the technology is in place for us to communicate,
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Každá technológia je tu pre nás, aby sme komunikovali
06:37
and all the technology is in place to communicate this.
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a každá technológia je tu na to, aby tieto informácie šírila.
06:43
At the moment,
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V súčasnosti
06:46
there is no clear fair trade solution,
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neexistuje žiadne jasné riešenie spravodlivého obchodu,
06:51
but there has been a huge amount of progress.
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ale zaznamenali sme obrovský pokrok.
06:54
The U.S. has recently passed legislation
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USA nedávno schválili legislatívu,
06:57
to target bribery and misconduct in the Congo.
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zacielenú na korupciu a zneužívanie moci v Kongu.
07:02
Recent U.K. legislation could be used in the same way.
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Súčasná legislatíva Británie sa môže použiť rovnako.
07:07
In February, Nokia unveiled its new policy
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Vo februári Nokia odhalila svoju novú politiku
07:11
on sourcing minerals in the Congo,
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ohľadom zaisťovania zdrojov z Konga.
07:13
and there is a petition to Apple
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Existuje aj petícia pre Apple,
07:16
to make a conflict-free iPhone.
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aby vytvorili bezkonfliktný iPhone.
07:21
There are campaigns
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Vedú sa kampane,
07:23
spreading across university campuses
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ktoré sa šíria po univerzitách,
07:26
to make their colleges conflict-free.
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aby boli ich fakulty bez konfliktov.
07:29
But we're not there yet.
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Ale ešte sme to nedosiahli.
07:32
We need to continue mounting pressure
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Musíme pokračovať vo vyvíjaní tlaku
07:35
on phone companies
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na telefónne spoločnosti
07:38
to change their sourcing processes.
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aby zmenili svoj postup získavania zdrojov.
07:42
When I first came to the U.K. 21 years ago,
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Keď som pred 21 rokmi po prvýkrát prišiel do Británie,
07:46
I was homesick.
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cnelo sa mi po domove.
07:48
I missed my family and the friends I left behind.
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Chýbala mi rodina i priatelia, ktorých som tam zanechal.
07:53
Communication was extremely difficult.
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Komunikácia bola nesmierne náročná.
07:57
Sending and receiving letters took months,
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Posielanie a prijímanie listov trvalo mesiace,
08:01
if you were lucky. Often they never arrived.
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ak ste mali šťastie. Často nikdy neprišli.
08:05
Even if I could have afforded
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Aj keď som si mohol dovoliť
08:08
the phone bills home,
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zaplatiť telefonáty domov,
08:11
like most people in the Congo,
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podobne, ako väčšina ľudí v Kongu,
08:13
my parents did not own a phone line.
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ani moji rodičia nemali telefón.
08:17
Today, my two sons
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Dnes môžu moji dvaja synovia
08:23
David and Daniel
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David a Daniel
08:26
can talk to my parents and get to know them.
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hovoriť s mojimi rodičmi a spoznať ich.
08:33
Why should we allow
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Prečo by sme mali dovoliť,
08:36
such a wonderful, brilliant and necessary product
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aby bol taký úžasný, geniálny a dôležitý produkt
08:43
to be the cause of unnecessary suffering
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príčinou nepotrebného utrpenia
08:46
for human beings?
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ľudských bytostí?
08:50
We demand fair trade food
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Vyžadujeme spravodlivý obchod s jedlom
08:53
and fair trade clothes.
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a spravodlivý obchod s oblečením.
08:55
It is time to demand fair trade phones.
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Je na čase požadovať spravodlivý obchod s telefónmi.
08:59
This is an idea worth spreading. Thank you.
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Toto je myšlienka, ktorá stojí za rozšírenie. Ďakujem.
09:04
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bandi Mbubi - Social Justice ActivistBandi Mbubi would like to make sure that you are using a fair trade cell phone.
Why you should listen
Bandi Mbubi grew up in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly Zaire, experiencing first hand the political unrest and oppression which have since worsened there. As a student activist, Bandi suffered persecution and fled the country, seeking political asylum in the U.K. But Mbubi has kept his home country on his radar, noting how the mining of tantalum -- a mineral used in cell phones and computers -- has fueled the ongoing war there in which 5 million have died.
While Mbubi sees the cell phone as an instrument of oppression for this reason, he knows that phones can also bring great freedom. And so he has formed CongoCalling.org, a campaign to inspire both the public and companies that make electronics to pay attention to how tantalum used in consumer electronics is mined and traded.
Mbubi is also the Director of the Manna Society, a center for the homeless in South London, and a Trustee of Church Action on Poverty.
Bandi Mbubi | Speaker | TED.com