TED@Nairobi
Munir Virani: Why I love vultures
Munir Virani: Prečo zbožňujem supy
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Supy, prirodzení zberatelia odpadu, sú životne dôležitou súčasťou nášho ekosystému. Ale prečo majú takú zlú povesť? Prečo mnohým z nich hrozí vyhynutie? Munir Virani, biológ dravcov, hovorí, že musíme venovať viac pozornosti týmto unikátnym a nepochopeným tvorom, musíme zmeniť naše vnímanie a zachrániť supy.
Munir Virani - Raptor biologist, wildlife photographer
Munir Virani is a raptor biologist and wildlife photographer, and Director of the Peregrine Fund Africa Program, devoted to conserving birds of prey. Full bio
Munir Virani is a raptor biologist and wildlife photographer, and Director of the Peregrine Fund Africa Program, devoted to conserving birds of prey. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I would like to talk to you about
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Rád by som Vám porozprával
00:18
a very special group of animals.
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o veľmi zvláštnom druhu zvierat.
00:20
There are 10,000 species of birds in the world.
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Na svete je 10 000 druhov vtákov.
00:24
Vultures are amongst the most threatened group of birds.
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Supy patria medzi najohrozenejší druh vtákov.
00:29
When you see a vulture like this, the first thing
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Keď zbadáte supa, prvá vec, ktorá
00:32
that comes to your mind is, these are disgusting, ugly,
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Vám napadne je, že to je odporné, škaredé stvorenie,
00:36
greedy creatures that are just after your flesh,
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ktoré baží po vašom mäse.
00:39
associated with politicians. (Laughter) (Applause)
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Tak trochu ako politici. (smiech) (potlesk)
00:46
I want to change that perception. I want to change
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Chcel by som zmeniť túto mienku. Chcel by som zmeniť
00:49
those feelings you have for these birds, because
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tieto myšlienky, ktoré o nich máte, pretože
00:52
they need our sympathy. They really do. (Laughter)
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potrebujú náš súcit. Naozaj ho potrebujú. (smiech)
00:55
And I'll tell you why.
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A ja Vám poviem prečo.
00:56
First of all, why do they have such a bad press?
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V prvom rade, prečo majú takú zlú povesť?
01:00
When Charles Darwin went across the Atlantic in 1832
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Keď v roku 1832 preplával Charles Darwin na lodi Beagle
01:04
on the Beagle, he saw the turkey vulture,
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Atlantik, uvidel kondora morkovitého
01:07
and he said, "These are disgusting birds
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a povedal: "Sú to odporné vtáky s holou jasnočervenou hlavou,
01:10
with bald scarlet heads that are formed to revel in putridity." (Laughter)
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ktorá je stvorená na vychutnávanie si hniloby. (smiech)
01:16
You could not get a worse insult, and that from Charles Darwin. (Laughter)
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Niet horšej urážky, ako je táto od Charlesa Darwina. (smiech)
01:21
You know, he changed his mind when he came back,
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Samozrejme, zmenil svoj názor, keď sa vrátil
01:23
and I'll tell you why.
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a ja Vám poviem prečo.
01:25
They've also be associated with Disney — (Laughter) —
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Poznáme ich aj z Disney rozprávok (smiech)
01:28
personified as goofy, dumb, stupid characters.
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ako pojašené, nemé a hlúpe tvory.
01:33
More recently, if you've been following the Kenyan press
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Nedávno, ak sledujete kenské médiá,
01:36
— (Laughter) (Applause) (Cheers) —
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(smiech) (potlesk) (ovácie)
01:44
these are the attributes that they associated
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toto sú vlastnosti, ktoré kenské média spájajú s
01:47
the Kenyan MPs with. But I want to challenge that.
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ich politikmi. Ale ja by som to rád zmenil.
01:50
I want to challenge that. Do you know why?
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Chcel by som to spochybniť. Viete prečo?
01:53
Because MPs
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Pretože politici
01:55
do not keep the environment clean. (Laughter)
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neudržiavajú prostredie čisté. (smiech)
02:00
MPs do not help to prevent the spread of diseases.
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Politici nepomáhajú zabrániť rozšíreniu chorôb.
02:05
They are hardly monogamous. (Laughter) (Applause)
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A nie sú práve monogamní. (smiech) (potlesk)
02:12
They are far from being extinct. (Laughter)
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Zďaleka nepatria medzi ohrozený druh. (smiech)
02:15
And, my favorite is, vultures are better looking. (Applause) (Laughter)
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A môj najobľúbenejší je, supy vyzerajú lepšie. (potlesk) (smiech)
02:22
So there's two types of vultures in this planet.
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Na našej planéte máme dva druhy supov.
02:26
There are the New World vultures that are mainly found
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Supy z Nového sveta nájdeme hlavne v Amerike,
02:29
in the Americas, like the condors and the caracaras,
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kondory a karakary,
02:32
and then the Old World vultures, where we have
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a supy zo Starého sveta, kam patrí 16 druhov.
02:34
16 species. From these 16, 11 of them are facing
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Z nich až 11 čelí
02:37
a high risk of extinction.
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vysokému riziku vyhynutia.
02:40
So why are vultures important? First of all,
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Prečo sú supy dôležité? V prvom rade
02:44
they provide vital ecological services. They clean up.
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zabezpečujú dôležité ekologické služby. Upratujú.
02:47
They're our natural garbage collectors.
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Sú to naši prírodní zberači odpadu.
02:50
They clean up carcasses right to the bone.
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Zdochliny obžerú až na kosť.
02:52
They help to kill all the bacteria. They help absorb anthrax
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Pomáhajú zabíjať všetky baktérie. Absorbujú antrax,
02:56
that would otherwise spread and cause
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ktorý by sa inak rozšíril a spôsobil
02:59
huge livestock losses and diseases in other animals.
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obrovské straty na dobytku a choroby u ostatných zvierat.
03:03
Recent studies have shown that in areas where there are
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Nedávne štúdie ukazujú, že v oblastiach, kde nie sú
03:05
no vultures, carcasses take up to three to four times
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žiadne supy, zdochliny sa rozkladajú tri alebo štyrikrát dlhšie
03:08
to decompose, and this has huge ramifications
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a to má za následok obrovské
03:11
for the spread of diseases.
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rošírenie chorôb.
03:14
Vultures also have tremendous historical significance.
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Supy sú významné aj z historického hľadiska.
03:17
They have been associated in ancient Egyptian culture.
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Spájajú sa so starovekou egyptskou kultúrou.
03:20
Nekhbet was the symbol of the protector
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Nekhbet, symbol ochrankyne
03:24
and the motherhood, and together with the cobra,
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a materstva, spolu s kobrou
03:27
symbolized the unity between Upper and Lower Egypt.
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symbolizuje jednotu Horného a Dolného Egypta.
03:31
In Hindu mythology, Jatayu was the vulture god,
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V hinduistickej mytológii, Jatayu bol supí Boh,
03:35
and he risked his life in order to save the goddess Sita
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ktorý riskoval svoj život, aby zachránil Bohyňu Sita
03:40
from the 10-headed demon Ravana.
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pred 10-hlavým démonom Ravana.
03:43
In Tibetan culture, they are performing very important
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V tibetskej kultúre vykonávajú veľmi dôležité
03:46
sky burials. In places like Tibet, there are no places
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nebeské pohreby. Na miestach ako je Tibet, kde niet miesta
03:49
to bury the dead, or wood to cremate them,
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na pochovanie mŕtvych, či dreva na ich kremáciu,
03:52
so these vultures provide a natural disposal system.
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zabezpečujú supy prírodný systém odstraňovania.
03:56
So what is the problem with vultures?
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Aký problém teda máme so supmi?
03:58
We have eight species of vultures that occur in Kenya,
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V Keni máme 8 druhov supov,
04:01
of which six are highly threatened with extinction.
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pričom 6 z nich hrozí vyhynutie.
04:05
The reason is that they're getting poisoned, and the reason
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Dôvodom je fakt, že sa otrávia.
04:08
that they're getting poisoned is because there's
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Otrávia sa kvôli konflitku
04:10
human-wildlife conflicts. The pastoral communities
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človeka a prírody. Pastierske komunity
04:13
are using this poison to target predators,
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používajú jed na odstránenie predátorov,
04:16
and in return, the vultures are falling victim to this.
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avšak obeťami sa stávajú supy.
04:20
In South Asia, in countries like India and Pakistan,
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V Južnej Ázii, krajinách ako India a Pakistan,
04:23
four species of vultures are listed as critically endangered,
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4 druhy supov sú označené ako kriticky ohrozené.
04:26
which means they have less than 10 or 15 years to go extinct,
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To znamená, že za 10 - 15 rokov vyhynú.
04:30
and the reason is because they are falling prey
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Dôvodom je to, že sa stávajú obeťami tým,
04:33
by consuming livestock that has been treated
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že požierajú dobytok, ktorý bol dopovaný
04:35
with a painkilling drug like Diclofenac.
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liekmi proti bolestiam, ako je napríklad Diclofenac.
04:38
This drug has now been banned for veterinary use in India,
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V Indii je už tento liek zakázaný pre veterinárne účely,
04:41
and they have taken a stand.
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čím vyjadrili svoje stanovisko.
04:44
Because there are no vultures, there's been a spread
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Pretože na miestach, kde nie sú supy, sa zväčšil
04:46
in the numbers of feral dogs at carcass dump sites,
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počet divých psov v okolí smetísk so zdochlinami,
04:49
and when you have feral dogs, you have a huge time bomb
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a keď máte takéto psy, máte časovanú bombu besnoty.
04:52
of rabies. The number of cases of rabies
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Prípady besnoty sa v Indii
04:55
has increased tremendously in India.
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náramne zvýšili.
04:57
Kenya is going to have one of the largest wind farms in Africa:
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Keňa bude mať najväčšiu veternú elektráreň v Afrike:
05:01
353 wind turbines are going to be up at Lake Turkana.
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353 veterných turbín sa postaví pri jazere Turkana.
05:04
I am not against wind energy, but we need to work
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Nemám nič proti veternej energii, ale musíme spolupracovať
05:06
with the governments, because wind turbines
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s vládou, pretože veterné turbíny
05:09
do this to birds. They slice them in half.
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spôsobujú vtákom toto. Rozpolia ich.
05:12
They are bird-blending machines.
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Sú to s vtákmi miešajúce sa stroje.
05:15
In West Africa, there's a horrific trade
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V Západnej Afrike majú hrozný obchodovanie
05:18
of dead vultures to serve the witchcraft and the fetish market.
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s mŕtvymi supmi, ktoré sa využívajú v čarodejníctve i fetiši.
05:23
So what's being done? Well, we're conducting research
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Čo sa pre ne robí? Nuž, robíme o nich
05:26
on these birds. We're putting transmitters on them.
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výskum. Upevňujeme na ne vysielače.
05:29
We're trying to determine their basic ecology,
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Snažíme sa určiť ich prirodzené prostredie
05:31
and see where they go.
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a taktiež vidieť, kam poletia.
05:34
We can see that they travel different countries, so
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Zistili sme, že cestujú rôznymi krajinami. Takže, ak sa na problém
05:36
if you focus on a problem locally, it's not going to help you.
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zameráme len lokálne, nepomôže nám to.
05:39
We need to work with governments in regional levels.
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Musíme spolupracovať s vládami na regionálnej úrovni.
05:42
We're working with local communities.
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Spolupracujeme s miestnymi komunitami.
05:45
We're talking to them about appreciating vultures,
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Rozprávame sa s nimi o prínose supov,
05:48
about the need from within to appreciate these
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o potrebe oceniť tieto prekrásne
05:51
wonderful creatures and the services that they provide.
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stvorenia a služby, ktoré zabezpečujú.
05:54
How can you help? You can become active,
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Ako môžete pomôcť? Buďte aktívni,
05:57
make noise. You can write a letter to your government
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zapojte sa. Napíšte svojej vláde list
05:59
and tell them that we need to focus on these very
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a povedzte im, že sa musíme zamerať na tieto
06:02
misunderstood creatures. Volunteer your time
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nepochopené stvorenia. Venujte svoj čas a
06:05
to spread the word. Spread the word.
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šírte túto myšlienku. Šírte ju ďalej.
06:07
When you walk out of this room, you will be informed
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Keď vykročíte z tejto miestnosti, budete už o supoch informovaní,
06:10
about vultures, but speak to your families, to your children,
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ale povedzte o nich aj svojej rodine, svojim deťom,
06:13
to your neighbors about vultures.
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svojim susedom.
06:15
They are very graceful. Charles Darwin said
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Sú veľmi pôvabné. Sám Charles Darwin povedal,
06:18
he changed his mind because he watched them fly
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že zmenil svoj názor hneď potom, ako ich pozoroval
06:21
effortlessly without energy in the skies.
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bez námahy lietať v oblakoch.
06:24
Kenya, this world, will be much poorer
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Keňa, tento svet bude oveľa chudobnejší,
06:27
without these wonderful species.
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keď tu nebudú tieto úžasné druhy.
06:30
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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Veľmi pekne Vám ďakujem. (potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Munir Virani - Raptor biologist, wildlife photographerMunir Virani is a raptor biologist and wildlife photographer, and Director of the Peregrine Fund Africa Program, devoted to conserving birds of prey.
Why you should listen
Native Nairobian Munir Virani's young passion may have been cricket, but it was during his tournament prize trips to game reserves that he found his true calling: wildlife. Specifically, the kind of wildlife people are disgusted by. More specifically, birds of prey. Munir earned a college degree in zoology and began working as a raptor biologist at the Peregrine Fund, devoted to the conservation of birds of prey worldwide, where he later became the Director of the Africa Program.
Munir Virani | Speaker | TED.com