TED@Nairobi
Munir Virani: Why I love vultures
Munir Virani: Zašto volim lešinare
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Kao prirodni đubretari, lešinari su bitni za naš ekosistem - zbog čega su onda na lošem glasu? Zašto tolikom broju preti istrebljenje? Biolog za grabljivice Munir Virani tvrdi da moramo da obratimo više pažnje na ova jedinstvena i neshvaćena stvorenja, da promenimo svoju perspektivu i spasimo lešinare.
Munir Virani - Raptor biologist, wildlife photographer
Munir Virani is a raptor biologist and wildlife photographer, and Director of the Peregrine Fund Africa Program, devoted to conserving birds of prey. Full bio
Munir Virani is a raptor biologist and wildlife photographer, and Director of the Peregrine Fund Africa Program, devoted to conserving birds of prey. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I would like to talk to you about
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Želeo bih da vam ispričam nešto
00:18
a very special group of animals.
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o veoma posebnoj grupi životinja.
00:20
There are 10,000 species of birds in the world.
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Na svetu postoji 10 000 vrsta ptica.
00:24
Vultures are amongst the most threatened group of birds.
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Lešinari su jednaod najugroženijih vrsta ptica.
00:29
When you see a vulture like this, the first thing
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Prvo što pomislitekada vidite lešinara
00:32
that comes to your mind is, these are disgusting, ugly,
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je kako su to odvratna, ružna
00:36
greedy creatures that are just after your flesh,
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i pohlepna stvorenja,koja samo žele vaše meso,
00:39
associated with politicians. (Laughter) (Applause)
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slično kao političari.(Smeh) (Aplauz)
00:46
I want to change that perception. I want to change
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Želim da promenimtu percepciju. Želim da promenim
00:49
those feelings you have for these birds, because
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to mišljenje o ovim pticama,jer im je potrebno
00:52
they need our sympathy. They really do. (Laughter)
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naše saosećanje.Stvarno jeste. (Smeh)
00:55
And I'll tell you why.
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A reći ću vam i zašto.
00:56
First of all, why do they have such a bad press?
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Prvo, zašto suna tako lošem glasu?
01:00
When Charles Darwin went across the Atlantic in 1832
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Kada je Čarls Darvinprešao Atlantik 1832.
01:04
on the Beagle, he saw the turkey vulture,
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na Biglu, video je karipskog lešinara
01:07
and he said, "These are disgusting birds
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i rekao je: "Ovo su odvratne ptice
01:10
with bald scarlet heads that are formed to revel in putridity." (Laughter)
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sa ćelavim grimiznim glavama i stvorenesu da pijanče u iskvarenosti." (Smeh)
01:16
You could not get a worse insult, and that from Charles Darwin. (Laughter)
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Ne možete primiti goru uvredu,i to još od Čarlsa Darvina (Smeh)
01:21
You know, he changed his mind when he came back,
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Kada se vratio,promenio je mišljenje,
01:23
and I'll tell you why.
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a reći ću vam i zašto.
01:25
They've also be associated with Disney — (Laughter) —
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Takođe asociraju na Dizni- (Smeh) -
01:28
personified as goofy, dumb, stupid characters.
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personifikovani su kao šašavi,priglupi i blesavi likovi
01:33
More recently, if you've been following the Kenyan press
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U skorije vreme, akopratite kenijske novine
01:36
— (Laughter) (Applause) (Cheers) —
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- (Smeh) (Aplauz)(Uzvici) -
01:44
these are the attributes that they associated
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ovo su pridevikojima su opisivani
01:47
the Kenyan MPs with. But I want to challenge that.
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članovi parlamenta Kenije.Ali želim da osporim to.
01:50
I want to challenge that. Do you know why?
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Želim to da osporim.A znate li zašto?
01:53
Because MPs
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Jer članovi parlamenta
01:55
do not keep the environment clean. (Laughter)
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ne održavaju okolinu čistom.(Smeh)
02:00
MPs do not help to prevent the spread of diseases.
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Članovi parlamenta ne pomažusprečavanje širenja zaraza.
02:05
They are hardly monogamous. (Laughter) (Applause)
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Teško da su monogamne prirode.(Smeh) (Aplauz)
02:12
They are far from being extinct. (Laughter)
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Daleko su od istrebljenja.(Smeh)
02:15
And, my favorite is, vultures are better looking. (Applause) (Laughter)
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I moja omiljena stavka je - lešinaribolje izgledaju. (Aplauz) (Smeh)
02:22
So there's two types of vultures in this planet.
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Na zemlji postojedve vrste lešinara.
02:26
There are the New World vultures that are mainly found
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Postoje lešinari Novog svetakoji se uglavnom nalaze
02:29
in the Americas, like the condors and the caracaras,
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na američkim kontinentima,poput kondora i karakari
02:32
and then the Old World vultures, where we have
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i postoje lešinari Starog sveta,gde imamo
02:34
16 species. From these 16, 11 of them are facing
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16 vrsta. Od tih 16,11 se suočava
02:37
a high risk of extinction.
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sa visokim rizikom od istrebljenja.
02:40
So why are vultures important? First of all,
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Zašto su lešinari bitni?
02:44
they provide vital ecological services. They clean up.
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Prvo, obezbeđuju bitne ekološke usluge.Oni čiste.
02:47
They're our natural garbage collectors.
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Oni su prirodni đubretari.
02:50
They clean up carcasses right to the bone.
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Čiste leševe sve do kostiju.
02:52
They help to kill all the bacteria. They help absorb anthrax
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Pomažu da se ubiju sve bakterijei da se upije antraks
02:56
that would otherwise spread and cause
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koji bi se inače raširioi izazvao
02:59
huge livestock losses and diseases in other animals.
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velike gubitke stokei zaraze kod drugih životinja.
03:03
Recent studies have shown that in areas where there are
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Novija istraživanja su pokazalada u područjima
03:05
no vultures, carcasses take up to three to four times
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bez lešinara leševima trebai tri do četiri puta više
03:08
to decompose, and this has huge ramifications
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da se razlože,i ovo ima velike posledice
03:11
for the spread of diseases.
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na širenje zaraza.
03:14
Vultures also have tremendous historical significance.
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Lešinari takođe imajuogromnu istorijsku važnost.
03:17
They have been associated in ancient Egyptian culture.
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Povezuju se sa kulturomdrevnih Egipćana.
03:20
Nekhbet was the symbol of the protector
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Nekbet je bio simbol zaštite
03:24
and the motherhood, and together with the cobra,
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i majčinstva,i zajedno sa kobrom
03:27
symbolized the unity between Upper and Lower Egypt.
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predstavljao je jedinstvoizmeđu Gornjeg i Donjeg Egipta.
03:31
In Hindu mythology, Jatayu was the vulture god,
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U hinduističkoj mitologiji,Džataju je bio bog lešinar
03:35
and he risked his life in order to save the goddess Sita
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i rizikovao je svoj životkako bi spasio boginju Situ
03:40
from the 10-headed demon Ravana.
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od desetoglavog čudovišta Ravana.
03:43
In Tibetan culture, they are performing very important
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U tibetanskoj kulturise vrše veoma bitne
03:46
sky burials. In places like Tibet, there are no places
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sahrane pod nebom. Na mestimapoput Tibeta, nema mesta
03:49
to bury the dead, or wood to cremate them,
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da se mrtvi sahrane,kao ni drva za kremiranje,
03:52
so these vultures provide a natural disposal system.
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pa lešinari obezbeđujuprirodni sistem za odlaganje.
03:56
So what is the problem with vultures?
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Šta je onda problem sa lešinarima?
03:58
We have eight species of vultures that occur in Kenya,
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Postoji osam vrsta lešinarau Keniji,
04:01
of which six are highly threatened with extinction.
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od kojih je 6pod visokom pretnjom od istrebljenja.
04:05
The reason is that they're getting poisoned, and the reason
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Razlog je to što ih truju,a to se dešava
04:08
that they're getting poisoned is because there's
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zato što postoje konflikti
04:10
human-wildlife conflicts. The pastoral communities
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između ljudi i životinja.Pastirska društva
04:13
are using this poison to target predators,
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koriste ovaj otrov zbog grabljivica,
04:16
and in return, the vultures are falling victim to this.
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a umesto njih,žrtve otrova su lešinari.
04:20
In South Asia, in countries like India and Pakistan,
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U Južnoj Aziji, u zemljamapoput Indije i Pakistana,
04:23
four species of vultures are listed as critically endangered,
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četiri vrste lešinara su nabrojanekao kritično ugrožene,
04:26
which means they have less than 10 or 15 years to go extinct,
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što znači da imaju manje od 10 do15 godina dok ne budu istrebljene,
04:30
and the reason is because they are falling prey
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a razlog je to što postaju žrtve
04:33
by consuming livestock that has been treated
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tako što se hrane stokomkojoj je dat
04:35
with a painkilling drug like Diclofenac.
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lek protiv bolova poput Diklofenaka.
04:38
This drug has now been banned for veterinary use in India,
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Ovaj lek je sada zabranjenza korišćenje na životinjama u Indiji
04:41
and they have taken a stand.
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i oni su ustali protiv toga.
04:44
Because there are no vultures, there's been a spread
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Zbog toga što nema lešinara,broj divljih pasa
04:46
in the numbers of feral dogs at carcass dump sites,
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na deponijama leševase povećao,
04:49
and when you have feral dogs, you have a huge time bomb
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a kada imate divlje pse, imateogromnu vremensku bombu besnila.
04:52
of rabies. The number of cases of rabies
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Broj slučajeva besnila
04:55
has increased tremendously in India.
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se strahovito povećao u Indiji.
04:57
Kenya is going to have one of the largest wind farms in Africa:
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Kenija će imati jednu od najvećihfarmi vetra u Africi -
05:01
353 wind turbines are going to be up at Lake Turkana.
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353 turbine na vetar će bitipostavljene na jezeru Turkana.
05:04
I am not against wind energy, but we need to work
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Nisam protiv energije vetra,ali moramo da sarađujemo
05:06
with the governments, because wind turbines
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sa vladama,jer turbine na pogon vetra
05:09
do this to birds. They slice them in half.
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rade ovo pticama.Seku ih na pola.
05:12
They are bird-blending machines.
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To su mašine za seckanje ptica.
05:15
In West Africa, there's a horrific trade
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U zapadnoj Africipostoji užasan biznis
05:18
of dead vultures to serve the witchcraft and the fetish market.
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mrtvim lešinarimaza veštičarenje i tržište fetiša.
05:23
So what's being done? Well, we're conducting research
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Šta se radi?Vršimo istraživanja o ovim pticama.
05:26
on these birds. We're putting transmitters on them.
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Stavljamo odašiljače na njih.
05:29
We're trying to determine their basic ecology,
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Pokušavamo da utvrdimonjihovu osnovnu ekologiju
05:31
and see where they go.
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i vidimo kuda idu.
05:34
We can see that they travel different countries, so
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Može se videti da idukroz različite zemlje,
05:36
if you focus on a problem locally, it's not going to help you.
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tako da neće pomoćiako se usredsredite na lokalni problem.
05:39
We need to work with governments in regional levels.
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Moramo da radimo sa vladamana nivou okruga.
05:42
We're working with local communities.
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Radimo sa lokalnim zajednicama.
05:45
We're talking to them about appreciating vultures,
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Pričamo im o cenjenju lešinara,
05:48
about the need from within to appreciate these
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o unutrašnjoj potrebida se cene
05:51
wonderful creatures and the services that they provide.
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ova predivna bićai usluge koje nam pružaju.
05:54
How can you help? You can become active,
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Kako vi možete pomoći?Možete postati aktivni,
05:57
make noise. You can write a letter to your government
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napraviti buku.Možete pisati svojoj vladi
05:59
and tell them that we need to focus on these very
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i reći im da se moramousredsrediti na ova
06:02
misunderstood creatures. Volunteer your time
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veoma neshvaćena bića.
06:05
to spread the word. Spread the word.
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Volontirajte kako biste proširili glas.Proširite glas.
06:07
When you walk out of this room, you will be informed
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Kada izađete iz ove prostorije,bićete obavešteni
06:10
about vultures, but speak to your families, to your children,
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o lešinarima, ali pričajtevašim porodicama, vašoj deci
06:13
to your neighbors about vultures.
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i vašim susedima o lešinarima.
06:15
They are very graceful. Charles Darwin said
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Oni su veoma graciozni.Čarls Darvin je rekao
06:18
he changed his mind because he watched them fly
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da je promenio mišljenjejer ih je gledao
06:21
effortlessly without energy in the skies.
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kako bez muke i bez energijelete kroz nebo.
06:24
Kenya, this world, will be much poorer
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Kenija i ovaj svetće biti puno siromašniji
06:27
without these wonderful species.
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bez ove predivne vrste.
06:30
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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Puno vam hvala.(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Munir Virani - Raptor biologist, wildlife photographerMunir Virani is a raptor biologist and wildlife photographer, and Director of the Peregrine Fund Africa Program, devoted to conserving birds of prey.
Why you should listen
Native Nairobian Munir Virani's young passion may have been cricket, but it was during his tournament prize trips to game reserves that he found his true calling: wildlife. Specifically, the kind of wildlife people are disgusted by. More specifically, birds of prey. Munir earned a college degree in zoology and began working as a raptor biologist at the Peregrine Fund, devoted to the conservation of birds of prey worldwide, where he later became the Director of the Africa Program.
Munir Virani | Speaker | TED.com