TEDxMidAtlantic
Colin Powell: Kids need structure
Colin Powell: Otroci potrebujejo organiziranost
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Kako lahko otrokom omogočite dober začetek? Colin Powell, bivši ameriški zunanji minister, v tem iskrenem in osebnem govoru nagovori starše, prijatelje in sorodnike, naj skozi družbo in z močnim občutkom odgovornosti podpirajo otroke še preden gredo v osnovno šolo. (Posneto na TEDxMidAtlantic)
Colin Powell - Former U.S. Secretary of State
General Colin Powell was the first African-American to serve as U.S. Secretary of State. Full bio
General Colin Powell was the first African-American to serve as U.S. Secretary of State. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
What I want to do this afternoon
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To popoldne bi rad poskusil
00:18
is something a little different than what's scheduled.
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nekaj malce drugačnega od tistega, kar je bilo mišljeno.
00:21
Foreign policy, you can figure that out
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Z zunanjo politiko se lahko seznanite
00:23
by watching, I don't know, Rachel Maddow or somebody,
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recimo z gledanjem oddaje
Rachel Maddow ali koga podobnega.
Rachel Maddow ali koga podobnega.
00:26
but — (Laughter) —
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Ampak - (smeh) -
00:27
I want to talk about young people and structure,
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rad bi govoril o mladih in ograniziranosti,
00:31
young people and structure.
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mladih ljudeh in organiziranosti.
00:33
This was last Wednesday afternoon
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To je bilo prejšnjo sredo popoldne
00:35
at a school in Brooklyn, New York,
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na neki šoli v Brooklynu, v New Yorku,
00:38
at Cristo Rey High School, run by the Jesuits.
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na srednji šoli Cristo Rey,
ki jo vodijo Jezuiti.
ki jo vodijo Jezuiti.
00:41
And I was talking to this group of students, and take a look at them.
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Pogovarjal sem se s skupino
študentov, poglejte jih.
študentov, poglejte jih.
00:45
They were around me in three directions.
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Obkrožali so me v treh smereh.
00:47
You'll noticed that almost all of them are minority.
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Vidite lahko, da so skoraj vsi del manjšin.
00:50
You'll notice that the building is rather austere.
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Opazili boste, da je stavba precej stroga.
00:52
It's an old New York school building, nothing fancy.
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Nič razkošnega, pač stara
newyorška šolska zgradba.
newyorška šolska zgradba.
00:56
They still have old blackboards and whatnot.
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Še vedno imajo stare
šolske table in še marsikaj.
šolske table in še marsikaj.
00:58
And there are about 300 kids in this school,
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Na tej šoli je približno 300 otrok,
01:01
and the school's been going now for four years,
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šola je odprta že 4 leta,
01:04
and they're about to graduate their first class.
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kmalu pa bo maturirala prva generacija.
01:07
Twenty-two people are graduating,
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Dvaindvajset ljudi bo opravilo maturo,
01:09
and all 22 are going to college.
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vseh dvaindvajset bo šlo študirati.
01:11
They all come from homes where there is, for the most part,
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Vsi prihajajo iz domov
01:14
just one person in the home,
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z enim samim skrbnikom,
01:16
usually the mother or the grandmother, and that's it,
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ponavadi mama ali babica.
01:19
and they come here for their education
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Sem prihajajo po svojo izobrazbo
01:21
and for their structure.
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in organiziranost.
01:23
Now I had this picture taken, and it was put up
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To sliko so naredili in dali
01:26
on my Facebook page last week,
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na mojo Facebook stran prejšnji teden,
01:28
and somebody wrote in,
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nekdo je komentiral:
01:30
"Huh, why does he have him standing at attention like that?"
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"Hm, zakaj pa mora stati tako po vojaško?"
01:35
And then they said, "But he looks good." (Laughter)
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Potem pa so rekli:
"Ampak dobro izgleda." (smeh)
"Ampak dobro izgleda." (smeh)
01:39
He does look good, because kids need structure,
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Seveda dobro izgleda,
ker mladina potrebuje organiziranost.
ker mladina potrebuje organiziranost.
01:42
and the trick I play in all of my school appearances
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Trik, ki ga preizkusim na
vseh mojih nastopih v šolah
vseh mojih nastopih v šolah
01:45
is that when I get through with my little homily to the kids,
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je, da ko se prebijem skozi pridigo
01:48
I then invite them to ask questions,
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jih spudbudim, da postavijo vprašanja.
01:50
and when they raise their hands, I say, "Come up,"
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Ko dvignejo roke,
jim rečem: "Pridite sem,"
jim rečem: "Pridite sem,"
01:52
and I make them come up and stand in front of me.
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tako pridejo do mene
in stojijo pred menoj.
in stojijo pred menoj.
01:55
I make them stand at attention like a soldier.
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Stojijo pozorno kot vojaki.
01:57
Put your arms straight down at your side,
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Položite roke ob telo,
01:59
look up, open your eyes, stare straight ahead,
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dvignite pogled, odprite oči, glejte naravnost naprej
02:02
and speak out your question loudly so everybody can hear.
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in vprašajte kar želite glasno, da vas lahko vsi slišijo.
02:05
No slouching, no pants hanging down, none of that stuff.
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Ne bodite sključeni, naj vam hlače ne visijo, nič od tega.
02:09
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
02:10
And this young man, his name is -- his last name Cruz --
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Temu mladeniču, piše se Cruz,
02:13
he loved it. That's all over his Facebook page and it's gone viral.
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je bilo izjemno všeč. To sliko najdete
na njegovi Facebook strani in še kje.
na njegovi Facebook strani in še kje.
02:17
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
02:19
So people think I'm being unkind to this kid.
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Ljudje mislijo, da sem
nesramen do tega mladeniča.
nesramen do tega mladeniča.
02:22
No, we're having a little fun.
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Ne, malce se zabavava.
02:24
And the thing about it, I've done this for years,
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Stvar je takšna, to delam že leta,
02:26
the younger they are, the more fun it is.
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mlajši kot so, bolj zabavno je.
02:29
When I get six- and seven-year-olds in a group,
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Ko se srečam s skupinami
šest ali sedemletnikov,
šest ali sedemletnikov,
02:32
I have to figure out how to keep them quiet.
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moram ugotoviti kako jih utišati.
02:34
You know that they'll always start yakking.
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Saj veste, da vedno začnejo čebljati.
02:36
And so I play a little game with them
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Zato se z njim igram igrico
02:38
before I make them stand at attention.
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preden jim rečem, naj stojijo mirno.
02:39
I say, "Now listen. In the army,
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Rečem jim: "Poslušajte. V vojski,
02:42
when we want you to pay attention,
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ko hočemo da poslušate,
02:44
we have a command. It's called 'at ease.'
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imamo ukaz. Reče se mu 'voljno'.
02:47
It means everybody be quiet and pay attention. Listen up.
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To pomeni, da morajo vsi biti
tiho in biti pozorni, poslušati morajo.
tiho in biti pozorni, poslušati morajo.
02:51
Do you understand?"
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Razumete?
02:52
"Uh-huh, uh-huh, uh-huh.""Let's practice. Everybody start chatting."
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"Aha, aha, aha."
"Poskusimo. Začnite klepetati."
"Poskusimo. Začnite klepetati."
02:57
And I let them go for about 10 seconds, then I go, "At ease!"
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Pustim jih približno 10 sekund,
potem pa zakričim: "Voljno!"
potem pa zakričim: "Voljno!"
03:00
"Huh!" (Laughter)
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"Oh!" (smeh)
03:04
"Yes, General. Yes, General."
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"Da, general. Da, general."
03:06
Try it with your kids. See if it works. (Laughter)
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Poskusite s svojimi otroki.
Boste videli, če deluje. (smeh)
Boste videli, če deluje. (smeh)
03:08
I don't think so.
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Ne verjamem.
03:11
But anyway, it's a game I play, and it comes obviously
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To je moja igrica, ki seveda izvira
03:15
from my military experience.
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iz mojih vojaških izkušenj.
03:16
Because for the majority of my adult life,
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Večino svojega odraslega življenja
03:20
I worked with young kids, teenagers with guns, I call them.
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sem delal z mladimi otroki,
pravim jim najstniki s puškami.
pravim jim najstniki s puškami.
03:24
And we would bring them into the army,
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Pripeljali smo jih med vojake,
03:26
and the first thing we would do is to put them
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prva stvar, ki smo jo naredili
je bila ta, da smo jih postavili
je bila ta, da smo jih postavili
03:29
in an environment of structure, put them in ranks,
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v okolje organiziranosti, postavili smo jih v vrste,
03:33
make them all wear the same clothes,
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jih oblekli v ista oblačila,
03:34
cut all their hair off so they look alike,
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jih pobrili, da so bili vsi enaki,
03:37
make sure that they are standing in ranks.
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prepričali smo se, da so stali v vrstah.
03:39
We teach them how to go right face, left face,
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Naučimo jih kako se obrniti desno, levo,
03:41
so they can obey instructions and know
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da znajo ubogati navodila in da se zavedajo
03:43
the consequences of not obeying instructions.
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posledic nespoštovanja navodil.
03:45
It gives them structure.
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S tem postanejo organizirani.
03:47
And then we introduce them to somebody who they come to hate immediately, the drill sergeant.
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Potem jim predstavijo nekoga, ki ga takoj zasovražijo, vodjo usposabljanja.
03:51
And they hate him.
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Ne marajo ga.
03:53
And the drill sergeant starts screaming at them,
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Vodja se začne dreti nad njimi
03:55
and telling them to do all kinds of awful things.
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in jim govori naj delajo vse vrste groznih reči.
03:59
But then the most amazing thing happens over time.
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Čez čas pa se zgodi osupljiva stvar.
04:02
Once that structure is developed,
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Ko postanejo organizirani,
04:05
once they understand the reason for something,
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ko razumejo razlog za neko stvar,
04:08
once they understand, "Mama ain't here, son.
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ko ugotovijo, da "Mame ni tukaj, sine."
04:12
I'm your worst nightmare. I'm your daddy and your mommy.
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Sem tvoja najhujša nočna mora.
Sem tvoj oči in tvoja mami.
Sem tvoj oči in tvoja mami.
04:16
And that's just the way it is. You got that, son?
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Tako pač je. Razumeš, sine?
04:19
Yeah, and then when I ask you a question, there are only three possible answers:
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Ko ti zastavim vprašanje,
obstajajo samo trije možni odgovori.
obstajajo samo trije možni odgovori.
04:22
yes, sir; no, sir; and no excuse, sir.
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Da, gospod, ne, gospod
in brez izgovora, gospod.
in brez izgovora, gospod.
04:24
Don't start telling me why you didn't do something.
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Ne začni mi razlagati zakaj nečesa nisi naredil.
04:26
It's yes, sir; no, sir; no excuse, sir."
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Samo da, gospod,
ne, gospod, brez izgovora, gospod.
ne, gospod, brez izgovora, gospod.
04:29
"You didn't shave.""But sir —"
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"Nisi se obril."
"Ampak, gospod -"
"Ampak, gospod -"
04:30
"No, don't tell me how often you scraped your face this morning.
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"Ne začni mi razlagati kolikokrat
si si opraskal obraz to jutro.
si si opraskal obraz to jutro.
04:33
I'm telling you you didn't shave."
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Pravim ti, da se nisi obril."
04:35
"No excuse, sir.""Attaboy, you're learning fast."
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"Brez izgovora, gospod."
"Tako se pravi, hitro se učiš."
"Tako se pravi, hitro se učiš."
04:38
But you'd be amazed at what you can do with them
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Presenetilo bi vas, kaj
vse lahko naredimo z njimi
vse lahko naredimo z njimi
04:41
once you put them in that structure.
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enkrat ko postanejo del te organiziranosti.
04:43
In 18 weeks, they have a skill. They are mature.
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Čez 18 tednov so izurjeni.
So zreli.
So zreli.
04:48
And you know what, they come to admire the drill sergeant
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Takrat začnejo občudovati vodjo usposabljenja
04:51
and they never forget the drill sergeant.
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in ga nikoli ne pozabijo.
04:53
They come to respect him.
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Začnejo ga spoštovati.
04:56
And so we need more of this kind of structure and respect
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Potrebujemo več takšne
vrste organiziranosti in spoštovanja
vrste organiziranosti in spoštovanja
04:59
in the lives of our children.
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v življenjih naših otrok.
05:02
I spend a lot of time with youth groups,
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Veliko časa preživim s
skupinami mladostnikov,
skupinami mladostnikov,
05:03
and I say to people, "When does the education process begin?"
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ljudem rečem: "Kdaj se začne proces vzgoje?"
05:07
We're always talking about, "Let's fix the schools.
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Vedno govorimo: "Popravimo šole."
05:08
Let's do more for our teachers. Let's put more computers in our schools.
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"Naredimo več za naše učitelje.
Dajmo več računalnikov v naše šole."
Dajmo več računalnikov v naše šole."
05:12
Let's get it all online."
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"Spravimo vse na medmrežje."
05:15
That isn't the whole answer. It's part of the answer.
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To ni celoten odgovor.
Je samo del odgovora.
Je samo del odgovora.
05:18
But the real answer begins with bringing a child to the school
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Pravi odgovor se začne,
ko v šolo pripeljemo otroka
ko v šolo pripeljemo otroka
05:22
with structure in that child's heart and soul to begin with.
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z organiziranostjo v srcu in duši že od začetka.
05:26
When does the learning process begin? Does it begin in first grade?
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Kdaj se začne proces vzgoje?
Se začne v prvem razredu?
Se začne v prvem razredu?
05:29
No, no, it begins the first time
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Ne, ne, začne se prvič,
05:31
a child in a mother's arms
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ko otrok v materinemu naročju
05:34
looks up at the mother
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pogleda mamo v oči
05:37
and says, "Oh, this must be my mother.
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in reče: "Oh, to mora biti moja mama."
05:40
She's the one who feeds me.
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"Ona je tista, ki me nahrani."
05:43
Oh yeah, when I don't feel so good down there,
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"Ja, ko se tu spodaj ne počutim tako dobro,"
05:45
she takes care of me.
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"poskrbi zame."
05:47
It's her language I will learn."
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"Naučil se bom njen jezik."
05:50
And at that moment they shut out all the other languages
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V tem trenutku izključijo vse druge jezike,
05:53
that they could be learning at that age,
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ki bi se jih lahko učili pri teh letih,
05:55
but by three months, that's her.
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v treh mesecih pa ugotovijo, da je to ona.
05:58
And if the person doing it, whether it's the mother
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In ko nekdo to dela, ali mama
06:01
or grandmother, whoever's doing it,
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ali babica, kdorkoli to dela,
06:03
that is when the education process begins.
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takrat se začne proces vzgoje.
06:05
That's when language begins.
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Takrat se začne jezik.
06:07
That's when love begins. That's when structure begins.
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Takrat se začne ljubezen.
Takrat se začne organiziranost.
Takrat se začne organiziranost.
06:09
That's when you start to imprint on the child
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Takrat se otroku vtisne
06:11
that "you are special,
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da je "poseben,"
06:14
you are different from every other child in the world.
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"drugačen od vseh drugih otrok na svetu."
06:17
And we're going to read to you."
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"Brali ti bomo."
06:19
A child who has not been read to
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Otrok, ki mu nihče ni bral,
06:21
is in danger when that child gets to school.
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je v nevarnosti, ko gre v šolo.
06:23
A child who doesn't know his or her colors
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Otrok, ki ne pozna svojih barv,
06:25
or doesn't know how to tell time, doesn't know how to tie shoes,
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ali ne ve kako povedati koliko je ura,
ne ve kako si zavezati čevlje,
ne ve kako si zavezati čevlje,
06:28
doesn't know how to do those things,
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ne ve kako se lotiti teh stvari.
06:30
and doesn't know how to do something that
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ne ve kako narediti nekaj,
06:32
goes by a word that was drilled into me as a kid: mind.
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ki se imenuje z besedo,
ki sem si jo zapomnil že kot otrok: pazi.
ki sem si jo zapomnil že kot otrok: pazi.
06:35
Mind your manners! Mind your adults! Mind what you're saying!
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Pazi kako se vedeš!
Pazi na odrasle! Pazi, kaj govoriš!
Pazi na odrasle! Pazi, kaj govoriš!
06:39
This is the way children are raised properly.
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Tako se otroke pravilno vzgaja.
06:42
And I watched my own young grandchildren now come along
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Zdaj vidim kako moji vnuki odraščajo.
06:45
and they're, much to the distress of my children,
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Obnašajo se, na vznemirjanje mojih otrok,
06:49
they are acting just like we did. You know? You imprint them.
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ravno tako, kot smo se mi.
Vidite? Tak vtis imamo nanje.
Vidite? Tak vtis imamo nanje.
06:54
And that's what you have to do to prepare children for education and for school.
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To morate narediti,
da jih pripravite na vzgojo in šolo.
da jih pripravite na vzgojo in šolo.
06:59
And I'm working at all the energy I have
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Z vso energijo se posvečam temu,
07:02
to sort of communicate this message that
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da predam to sporočilo naprej,
07:04
we need preschool, we need Head Start,
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da potrebujemo predšolsko vzgojo,
da potrebujemo program predpriprave (Head Start),
da potrebujemo program predpriprave (Head Start),
07:08
we need prenatal care.
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da potrebujemo predporodno nego.
07:10
The education process begins even before the child is born,
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Vzgoja se začne še preden se otrok sploh rodi,
07:14
and if you don't do that, you're going to have difficulty.
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če tega ne naredite, boste imeli probleme.
07:17
And we are having difficulties in so many of our communities
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Težave imamo že v toliko od naših skupnosti,
07:20
and so many of our schools where kids are coming
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toliko šol je, kamor pridejo otroci
07:23
to first grade and their eyes are blazing,
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v prvi razred, oči pa jim kar sijejo,
07:25
they've got their little knapsack on and they're ready to go,
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nosijo svoje nahrbtnike in so pripravljeni.
07:29
and then they realize they're not like the other first graders
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Potem pa ugotovijo, da niso kot njihovi sošolci,
07:32
who know books, have been read to, can do their alphabet.
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ki poznajo knjige, ki so jim brali, ki poznajo abecedo.
07:36
And by the third grade, the kids who didn't have
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Do tretjega razreda otroci, ki niso imeli
07:39
that structure and minding in the beginning
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te organiziranosti in pozornosti že na začetku,
07:43
start to realize they're behind, and what do they do?
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ugotovijo, da zaostajajo, in kaj naredijo?
07:45
They act it out. They act it out, and they're on their way
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Svoja čustva zatrejo in se branijo s kriminalom.
07:49
to jail or they're on their way to being dropouts.
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Nato pa se znajdejo v zaporu
ali pa pustijo šolo.
ali pa pustijo šolo.
07:52
It's predictable.
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Predvidljivo.
07:53
If you're not at the right reading level at third grade,
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Če do tretjega razreda ne znaš brati,
07:56
you are a candidate for jail at age 18,
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se lahko pri osemnajstih znajdeš v zaporu.
08:00
and we have the highest incarceration rate
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Najvišjo stopnjo zaprtih oseb imamo
08:03
because we're not getting our kids the proper start in life.
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ker svojim otrokom ne omogočimo pravega začetka.
08:06
The last chapter in my book is called
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Zadnje poglavje v moji knjigi se imenuje
08:08
"The Gift of a Good Start."
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"Dar dobrega začetka."
08:11
The gift of a good start. Every child ought to have a good start in life.
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Dar dobrega začetka.
Vsak otrok bi ga moral imeti.
Vsak otrok bi ga moral imeti.
08:14
I was privileged to have that kind of good start.
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Bil sem privilegiran, da sem ga imel.
08:17
I was not a great student.
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Nisem bil dober učenec.
08:19
I was a public school kid in New York City,
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Hodil sem v javno šolo v New Yorku
08:22
and I didn't do well at all.
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in mi sploh ni šlo dobro.
08:24
I have my entire New York City Board of Education transcript
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Imam prepis vseh ocen
08:28
from kindergarten through college.
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od vrtca do kolidža.
08:31
I wanted it when I was writing my first book.
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Hotel sem jih videti,
ko sem pisal svojo prvo knjigo.
ko sem pisal svojo prvo knjigo.
08:33
I wanted to see if my memory was correct,
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Hotel sem videti, če me spomin ni varal.
08:35
and, my God, it was. (Laughter)
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Ni me varal niti malo. (smeh)
08:38
Straight C everywhere.
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Same trojke.
08:41
And I finally bounced through high school,
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Končno sem se prebil skozi srednjo šolo,
08:43
got into the City College of New York
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se vpisal na City College v New Yorku
08:46
with a 78.3 average, which I shouldn't have been allowed in with,
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s povprečjem 78.3,
česar mi sploh ne bi smeli dovoliti,
česar mi sploh ne bi smeli dovoliti,
08:49
and then I started out in engineering,
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nato pa sem začel z inženirstvom,
08:52
and that only lasted six months. (Laughter)
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kar je trajalo komaj šest mesecev. (smeh)
08:54
And then I went into geology, "rocks for jocks." This is easy.
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Potem sem se vrgel v geologijo,
08:58
And then I found ROTC.
189
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2002
potem pa sem odkril tečaj za rezervne častnike (ROTC).
09:00
I found something that I did well and something that I loved doing,
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Odkril sem nekaj, kar mi je šlo od rok,
nekaj, v čemer sem užival.
nekaj, v čemer sem užival.
09:04
and I found a group of youngsters like me who felt the same way.
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Odkril sem skupino mladih, ki so bili kot jaz.
09:08
And so my whole life then was dedicated to ROTC and the military.
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Takrat sem posvetil življenje ROTC in vojski.
09:12
And I say to young kids everywhere, as you're growing up
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To pravim vseh otrokom, ko odraščate
09:15
and as this structure is being developed inside of you,
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in ko se ta organiziranost razvija v vas,
09:18
always be looking for that which you do well and that which you love doing,
195
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3036
vedno iščite tisto,
kar vas zanima in vam gre od rok.
kar vas zanima in vam gre od rok.
09:21
and when you find those two things together, man, you got it.
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In ko najdete ti dve stvari združeni, ste zadeli.
09:24
That's what's going on. And that's what I found.
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O tem se gre, to sem ugotovil.
09:26
Now the authorities at CCNY were getting tired of me being there.
198
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2654
Vodilni pri City Collegu v New Yorku so se me naveličali.
09:29
I'd been there four and a half going on five years,
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1801
Tam sem bil štiri in pol, skoraj pet let,
09:31
and my grades were not doing particularly well,
200
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moje ocene pa niso bile preveč dobre,
09:35
and I was in occasional difficulties with the administration.
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poleg tega pa sem imel
občasne težave z administracijo.
občasne težave z administracijo.
09:38
And so they said, "But he does so well in ROTC.
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Zato so rekli: "Pa tako dobro mu gre pri ROTC."
09:41
Look, he gets straight A's in that but not in anything else."
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3350
"Tam dobiva same petice, drugje pa sploh ne."
09:44
And so they said, "Look, let's take his ROTC grades
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Tako so rekli: "Dajmo njegove ROTC ocene,"
09:49
and roll them into his overall GPA and see what happens."
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3446
"v njegovo GPA povprečje in
bomo videli, kako bo to izgledalo."
bomo videli, kako bo to izgledalo."
09:52
And they did, and it brought me up to 2.0. (Laughter)
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To so storili, dobil sem povprečje 2.0. (smeh)
09:59
Yep. (Laughter) (Applause)
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Prav zares. (smeh) (aplavz)
10:03
They said, "It's good enough for government work.
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Rekli so: "Dovolj dobro je za vladno delo."
10:06
Give him to the army. We'll never see him again. We'll never see him again."
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"Dajmo ga vojski. Nikoli več ga ne bomo videli."
10:09
So they shipped me off to the army,
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1852
Tako so me poslali v vojsko,
10:11
and lo and behold, many years later,
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3668
pa poglejte, veliko let kasneje,
10:15
I'm considered one of the greatest sons the City College of New York has ever had. (Laughter)
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4306
me smatrajo za enega
najuspešnejših študentov City Collega.
najuspešnejših študentov City Collega.
10:19
So, I tell young people everywhere,
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3202
Zato povem vsem mladim,
10:22
it ain't where you start in life, it's what you do with life
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4191
da ni važno kje začnete,
važno je kaj naredite s svojim življenjem,
važno je kaj naredite s svojim življenjem,
10:26
that determines where you end up in life,
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3611
to odloči kje boste pristali.
10:30
and you are blessed to be living in a country that,
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Srečni ste lahko, da živite v državi,
10:33
no matter where you start, you have opportunities
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kjer ni važno kje začnete,
priložnosti imate
priložnosti imate
10:36
so long as you believe in yourself,
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2704
dokler verjamete vase,
10:39
you believe in the society and the country,
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2991
v družbo in državo,
10:42
and you believe that you can self-improve
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3419
dokler verjamete, da se lahko izboljšate
10:45
and educate yourself as you go along.
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2411
in izobrazite spotoma.
10:47
And that's the key to success.
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To je ključ do uspeha.
10:50
But it begins with the gift of a good start.
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3350
Začne pa se z darom dobrega začetka.
10:53
If we don't give that gift to each and every one of our kids,
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2473
Če tega daru ne poklonimo vsakemu našemu otroku,
10:55
if we don't invest at the earliest age,
225
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3678
če ne vlagamo vanj že od zgodnjih let,
10:59
we're going to be running into difficulties.
226
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2742
bomo naleteli na težave.
11:02
It's why we have a dropout rate of roughly 25 percent overall
227
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4266
Zaradi tega je stopnja neuspešnih
študentov okoli 25 odstotkov,
študentov okoli 25 odstotkov,
11:06
and almost 50 percent of our minority population
228
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2722
od tega skoraj 50 odstotkov manjšin,
11:09
living in low-income areas,
229
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3474
ki živijo v območjih nizkega prihodka,
11:12
because they're not getting the gift of a good start.
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2781
ker niso dobili daru dobrega začetka.
11:15
My gift of a good start was not only being in a nice family,
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3978
Moj dar dobrega začetka ni bil samo to,
da sem imel prijazno družino,
da sem imel prijazno družino,
11:19
a good family, but having a family that said to me,
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663691
3555
dobro družino, ampak to,
da sem imel družino, ki mi je rekla,
da sem imel družino, ki mi je rekla,
11:23
"Now listen, we came to this country in banana boats
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3947
"Poslušaj, v to državo smo prišli v čolnih z bananami"
11:27
in 1920 and 1924.
234
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3362
"leta 1920 in 1924."
11:30
We worked like dogs down in the garment industry every single day.
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4175
"Vsak dan smo garali v tekstilni industriji."
11:34
We're not doing it so that you can stick something up your nose
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3526
"Tega nismo počeli zato, da ne boš ničesar naredil,"
11:38
or get in trouble. And don't even think about dropping out."
237
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4380
"ali zašel v težave.
Sploh ne pomisli, da bi pustil šolo."
Sploh ne pomisli, da bi pustil šolo."
11:42
If I had ever gone home and told those immigrant people
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3051
Če bi kdaj prišel domov in rekel tem priseljencem:
11:45
that, "You know, I'm tired of school and I'm dropping out,"
239
689687
2469
"Veste, sit sem šole, pustil jo bom.",
11:48
they'd said, "We're dropping you out. We'll get another kid."
240
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2657
bi mi rekli: "Mi bomo pa pustili tebe.
Bomo že dobili drugega otroka."
Bomo že dobili drugega otroka."
11:50
(Laughter)
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6358
(smeh)
11:57
They had expectations for all of the cousins
242
701171
2526
Imeli so pričakovanja za vse
sestrične in bratrance
sestrične in bratrance
11:59
and the extended family of immigrants that lived in the South Bronx,
243
703697
3583
in vse sorodnike-priseljence,
ki so živeli v južnem Bronxu,
ki so živeli v južnem Bronxu,
12:03
but they had more than just expectations for us.
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3159
ampak imeli so več,
kot le pričakovanja.
kot le pričakovanja.
12:06
They stuck into our hearts like a dagger
245
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3911
V naša srca so kot bodalo zarili
12:10
a sense of shame: "Don't you shame this family."
246
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4862
občutek sramu: "Ne osramoti te družine."
12:15
Sometimes I would get in trouble,
247
719212
1663
Včasih sem se znašel v težavah,
12:16
and my parents were coming home,
248
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1843
starši so bili na poti domov,
12:18
and I was in my room waiting for what's going to happen,
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3481
jaz pa sem v svoji sobi čakal,
kaj se bo zgodilo.
kaj se bo zgodilo.
12:22
and I would sit there saying to myself, "Okay, look,
250
726199
2211
Sedel sem tam in sam sebi govoril: "Okej, poglej,"
12:24
take the belt and hit me, but, God, don't give me that 'shame the family' bit again."
251
728410
4775
"vzemi pas in me udari,
samo ne govori mi o 'sramočenju družine'."
samo ne govori mi o 'sramočenju družine'."
12:29
It devastated me when my mother did that to me.
252
733185
2757
Potrlo me je, ko mi je mama to naredila.
12:31
And I also had this extended network.
253
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2164
Imel sem tudi družbo.
12:34
Children need a network. Children need to be part of a tribe,
254
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2988
Otroci potrebujejo družbo. Morajo biti del nekega plemena,
12:36
a family, a community.
255
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1881
družine, skupnosti.
12:38
In my case it was aunts who lived in all of these tenement buildings.
256
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4224
V mojem primeru so to bile tete,
ki so živele v podnajemniških stavbah.
ki so živele v podnajemniških stavbah.
12:43
I don't know how many of you are New Yorkers,
257
747199
1856
Ne vem, koliko vas je newyorčanov,
12:44
but there were these tenement buildings,
258
749055
1921
tam so imeli te podnajemniške hiše
12:46
and these women were always hanging out one of the windows,
259
750976
3213
in te ženske so vedno visele iz oken,
12:50
leaning on a pillow.
260
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1622
naslonjene na blazine.
12:51
They never left. (Laughter)
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2759
Nikoli niso odšle. (smeh)
12:54
I, so help me God, I grew up walking those streets,
262
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3034
Odrasel sem na teh ulicah,
12:57
and they were always there.
263
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1482
vedno so bile tam.
12:58
They never went to the bathroom. They never cooked. (Laughter)
264
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2874
Nikoli niso šle na stranišče.
Nikoli niso kuhale. (smeh)
Nikoli niso kuhale. (smeh)
13:01
They never did anything.
265
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2546
Nikoli niso delale ničesar.
13:04
But what they did was keep us in play.
266
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2713
Pa vendar so nas nekako podpirale.
13:07
They kept us in play.
267
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2286
Podpirale so nas.
13:09
And they didn't care
268
773505
2258
Vseeno jim je bilo,
13:11
whether you became a doctor or a lawyer or a general,
269
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4747
če si postal zdravnik, odvetnik ali general,
13:16
and they never expected any generals in the family,
270
780510
3093
nikoli niso pričakovale kakšnih generalov v družini,
13:19
as long as you got an education and then you got a job.
271
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3860
samo, da si se izobrazil in se zaposlil.
13:23
"Don't give us any of that self-actualization stuff.
272
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1991
"Ne nakladajte nam o samoizpopolnjevanju."
13:25
You get a job and get out of the house.
273
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2815
Najdite si službo in se poberite od doma.
13:28
We don't have time to waste for that.
274
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2478
Mi ne moremo zapravljati časa za to.
13:30
And then you can support us. That's the role of you guys."
275
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3575
Potem nas pa lahko vzdržujete. To je vaša vloga."
13:34
And so, it's so essential that we kind of put this culture
276
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5522
Potrebno je, da to kulturo
13:39
back into our families, all families.
277
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4282
prinesemo nazaj v naše družine, v vse družine.
13:44
And it is so important that all of you here today
278
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3335
Pomembno je, da vsi, ki ste danes tukaj,
13:47
who are successful people,
279
811461
2676
pomembni ljudje,
13:50
and I'm sure have wonderful families and children and grandchildren,
280
814137
4555
prepričan sem, da imate čudovite družine,
otroke in vnuke,
otroke in vnuke,
13:54
it's not enough. You've got to reach out and back
281
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1738
to ni dovolj.
Poiskati morate
Poiskati morate
13:56
and find kids like Mr. Cruz
282
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2651
otroke, kot je G. Cruz,
13:58
who can make it if you give them the structure,
283
823081
3370
ki lahko uspejo,
če jim pokažete organiziranost,
če jim pokažete organiziranost,
14:02
if you reach back and help, if you mentor,
284
826451
1987
če jim ponudite pomoč,
če jih vodite,
če jih vodite,
14:04
if you invest in boys and girls clubs,
285
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2374
če investirate v mladinske klube.
14:06
if you work with your school system,
286
830812
1891
Če delate z vašim šolskim sistemom,
14:08
make sure it's the best school system,
287
832703
1274
se prepričajte, da je najboljši
14:09
and not just your kid's school, but the school uptown in Harlem,
288
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4823
in ne samo šola vašega otroka,
ampak tista v zgornjem delu Harlema,
ampak tista v zgornjem delu Harlema,
14:14
not just downtown Montessori on the West Side.
289
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2822
ne samo spodnji del Montessorija na zahodni strani.
14:17
All of us have to have a commitment to do that.
290
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4153
Vsi se moramo obvezati.
14:21
And we're not just investing in the kids.
291
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2650
Ne vlagamo samo v otroke.
14:24
We're investing in our future.
292
848425
2053
Vlagamo v našo prihodnost.
14:26
We're going to be a minority-majority country
293
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2821
Kmalu bomo država,
v kateri prevladujejo manjšine,
v kateri prevladujejo manjšine,
14:29
in one more generation.
294
853299
1993
že v naslednji generaciji.
14:31
Those that we call minorities now are going to be the majority.
295
855292
3369
Tisti, ki jim zdaj pravimo manjšine,
to kmalu ne bodo več.
to kmalu ne bodo več.
14:34
And we have to make sure that they are ready to be the majority.
296
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2580
Poskrbeti moramo, da bodo na to pripravljeni.
14:37
We have to make sure they're ready to be the leaders
297
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2231
Poskrbeti moramo, da bodo pripravljeni biti voditelji
14:39
of this great country of ours,
298
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2952
te naše velike države,
14:42
a country that is like no other,
299
866424
3476
te unikatne države,
14:45
a country that amazes me every single day,
300
869900
1685
države, ki me preseneti sleherni dan,
14:47
a country that's fractious. We're always arguing with each other.
301
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2620
države, ki je prepirljiva.
Kar naprej se prepiramo.
Kar naprej se prepiramo.
14:50
That's how the system's supposed to work.
302
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2972
Tako naj bi sistem deloval.
14:53
It's a country of such contrasts, but it's a nation of nations.
303
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3579
To je država velikih nasprotij, ampak narod narodov.
14:56
We touch every nation. Every nation touches us.
304
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3996
Dotaknemo se vsakega naroda.
Vsak narod se dotakne nas.
Vsak narod se dotakne nas.
15:00
We are a nation of immigrants.
305
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1685
Smo narod priseljencev.
15:02
That's why we need sound immigration policy.
306
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3144
Zato potrebujemo zdravo imigracijsko politiko.
15:05
It's ridiculous not to have a sound immigration policy
307
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3235
Absurdno je, da nimamo zdrave imigracijske politike,
15:08
to welcome those who want to come here and be part of this great nation,
308
892816
3083
s katero bi pozdravili tiste,
ki hočejo priti sem in biti del tega naroda,
ki hočejo priti sem in biti del tega naroda,
15:11
or we can send back home with an education
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ali pa jih poslali nazaj domov z izobrazbo
15:13
to help their people rise up out of poverty.
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in jim tako pomagali dvigniti se iz revščine.
15:17
One of the great stories I love to tell is about my love
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Ena od zgodb,
ki jo zelo rad pripovedujem, je moja ljubezen
ki jo zelo rad pripovedujem, je moja ljubezen
15:21
of going to my hometown of New York
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do vračanja v rojstni kraj v New Yorku,
15:22
and walking up Park Avenue on a beautiful day
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o sprehajanju na Park aveniji na lep dan,
15:24
and admiring everything and seeing all the people go by
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občudujoč vse in gledaje mimoidoče
15:26
from all over the world.
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iz celega sveta.
15:28
But what I always have to do is stop at one of the corners
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Vedno se moram ustaviti na enem izmed vogalov
15:31
and get a hot dog from the immigrant pushcart peddler.
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in kupiti vročo hrenovko pri vozičku prodajalca- priseljenca.
15:35
Gotta have a dirty water dog. (Laughter)
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Moram dobiti umazano vodeno vročo hrenovko. (smeh)
15:38
And no matter where I am or what I'm doing,
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Ni pomembno kje sem ali kaj delam,
15:41
I've got to do that.
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to je zame nujno.
15:42
I even did it when I was Secretary of State.
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To sem delal celo, ko sem bil zunanji minister.
15:45
I'd come out of my suite at the Waldorf Astoria
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Prišel sem iz mojega apartmaja v hotelu Waldorf Astoria,
15:48
— (Laughter) —
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(smeh)
15:51
be walking up the street, and I would hit around 55th Street
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šel po ulici mimo petinpetdesete ceste,
15:54
looking for the immigrant pushcart peddler.
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in iskal voziček prodajalca-priseljenca.
15:57
In those days, I had five bodyguards around me
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Takrat me je spremljalo pet varnostnikov
15:59
and three New York City police cars would roll alongside
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in trije newyorški policijski avti,
16:02
to make sure nobody whacked me while I was going up Park Avenue. (Laughter)
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ki naj bi poskrbeli, da me nihče ne bi pospravil,
medtem ko se sprehajam po Park aveniji. (smeh)
medtem ko se sprehajam po Park aveniji. (smeh)
16:06
And I would order the hot dog from the guy,
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Pri moškemu sem naročil vročo hrenovko,
16:08
and he'd start to fix it, and then he'd look around
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on jo začne pripravljati, nato pa se ozre naokrog,
16:11
at the bodyguards and the police cars --
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pogleda varnostnike in policijske avte -
16:12
"I've got a green card! I've got a green card!" (Laughter)
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"Imam zeleno karto! Imam zeleno karto!" (smeh)
16:14
"It's okay, it's okay."
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"V redu je, v redu je."
16:19
But now I'm alone. I'm alone.
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Zdaj sem pa sam. Sam sem.
16:21
I've got no bodyguards, I've got no police cars. I've got nothing.
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Nimam varnostnikov, ne spremljajo me policijski avti.
Ničesar nimam.
Ničesar nimam.
16:24
But I gotta have my hot dog.
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Moram pa dobiti vročo hrenovko.
16:27
I did it just last week. It was on a Tuesday evening
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Šel sem ravno prejšnji teden.
Na torkov večer.
Na torkov večer.
16:30
down by Columbus Circle.
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Blizu Columbus Circle.
16:33
And the scene repeats itself so often.
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Ta scena se ponovi res velikokrat.
16:35
I'll go up and ask for my hot dog,
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Obiščem ga in naročim vročo hrenovko,
16:39
and the guy will fix it, and as he's finishing,
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možakar jo začne pripravljati in ko končuje,
16:41
he'll say, "I know you. I see you on television.
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reče: "Poznam vas. Na televiziji vas vidim."
16:44
You're, well, you're General Powell."
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"Torej, vi ste general Powell."
16:46
"Yes, yes.""Oh ... "
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"Da, da."
"Aha..."
"Aha..."
16:48
I hand him the money.
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Dam mu denar.
16:50
"No, General. You can't pay me. I've been paid.
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"Ne, general. Ni mi treba plačati. Sem že bil plačan."
16:55
America has paid me. I never forget where I came from.
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"Amerika mi je plačala.
Nikoli ne pozabim od kod prihajam."
Nikoli ne pozabim od kod prihajam."
16:58
But now I'm an American. Sir, thank you."
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"Ampak zdaj sem Američan.
Hvala vam, gospod."
Hvala vam, gospod."
17:01
I accept the generosity, continue up the street,
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Sprejmem velikodušnost, nadaljujem po ulici,
17:04
and it washes over me, my God,
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potem pa me preplavi, moj bog,
17:06
it's the same country that greeted my parents this way 90 years ago.
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to je ista država, ki je tako pozdravila
moje starše pred devetdesetimi leti.
moje starše pred devetdesetimi leti.
17:10
So we are still that magnificent country,
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Še vedno smo tista čudovita država,
17:12
but we are fueled by young people coming up
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poganjajo pa nas mladi, ki prihajajo
17:15
from every land in the world,
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iz vseh držav sveta.
17:18
and it is our obligation as contributing citizens
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Naša dolžnost, kot prebivalci, ki nekaj doprinašamo,
17:21
to this wonderful country of ours
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tej naši čudoviti državi je,
17:23
to make sure that no child gets left behind.
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da se prepričamo, da noben otrok ne zaostane.
17:26
Thank you very much.
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Hvala lepa.
17:28
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Colin Powell - Former U.S. Secretary of StateGeneral Colin Powell was the first African-American to serve as U.S. Secretary of State.
Why you should listen
Four-star General Colin Powell was the first African-American U.S. Secretary of State, serving under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005. Prior to his service Powell was also the first African-American to serve as Chairman to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, an office he held from 1989 to 1993. But how did young Powell, a C student from the Bronx and a child of Jamaican immigrants, reach the highest military position in the Department of Defense?
While Powell was attending university at City College of New York, he found his calling in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC). He graduated to become an Army second lieutenant and later went on to serve two tours in the Vietnam War. In 1989 under President George H. W. Bush, Powell was made a full general, before being named 12th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Powell is the Founding Chairman of America's Promise Alliance, an organization which supports children through volunteer networks.
Colin Powell | Speaker | TED.com