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Jessica Pryce: To transform child welfare, take race out of the equation
Jessica Pryce: Če želimo spremeniti otroško skrbstvo, moramo odmisliti raso
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V tem pronicljivem govoru o vplivu rase in soseščine na odločitve o rejništvu socialna delavka Jessica Pryce deli obetavno rešitev, kako pomagati agencijam otroškega skrbstva nepristransko odločati, kdaj bodo družinam odvzele otroke. "Stopimo skupaj in zgradimo sistem, ki želi družine narediti močnejše, ne pa da jih razdvaja," pravi Pryceova.
Jessica Pryce - Child advocate, social scientist
Jessica Pryce creates strategies to reduce the impact of racial bias in child protective services. Full bio
Jessica Pryce creates strategies to reduce the impact of racial bias in child protective services. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I want you to imagine that you are
a Child Protective Services worker.
a Child Protective Services worker.
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Predstavljajte si, da ste zaposleni
v otroškem skrbstvu.
v otroškem skrbstvu.
00:17
And you have to respond
to a report of child abuse.
to a report of child abuse.
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Odzvati se morate
na prijavo o zlorabi otroka.
na prijavo o zlorabi otroka.
00:21
You walk into a home, unannounced,
unexpected, certainly uninvited.
unexpected, certainly uninvited.
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Stopite v neki dom, nenajavljeni,
nepričakovani, zagotovo nepovabljeni.
nepričakovani, zagotovo nepovabljeni.
00:27
The first thing you see is a mattress
in the middle of the room, on the floor.
in the middle of the room, on the floor.
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Prva stvar, ki jo vidite, je žimnica
na tleh na sredini sobe.
na tleh na sredini sobe.
00:30
Three kids lying on it, asleep.
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Na njej spijo trije otroci.
00:33
There's a small table nearby
with a couple of ashtrays,
with a couple of ashtrays,
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V bližini je mizica z nekaj pepelniki
00:37
empty beer cans.
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in praznimi pločevinkami piva.
00:40
Large rat traps are set in the corner,
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Velike pasti za podgane
so nastavljene v kotu,
so nastavljene v kotu,
00:42
not too far from where
the kids lie asleep.
the kids lie asleep.
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nedaleč od prostora, kjer spijo otroci.
00:46
So you make a note.
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Narediš zaznamek.
00:49
A part of your job is walking
through the entire home.
through the entire home.
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Del tvoje službe je obhod po celem domu.
00:52
So you start with the kitchen,
where there's very little food.
where there's very little food.
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Tako začneš s kuhinjo,
kjer je zelo malo hrane.
kjer je zelo malo hrane.
00:56
You notice another mattress
in the bedroom, on the floor,
in the bedroom, on the floor,
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Opaziš še eno žimnico na tleh v spalnici,
00:59
that the mother shares
with her infant child.
with her infant child.
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ki si jo mama deli z dojenčkom.
01:04
Now, generally, at this point,
two things may happen.
two things may happen.
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Navadno se na tej točki
lahko zgodita dve stvari.
lahko zgodita dve stvari.
01:08
The children are deemed unsafe
and removed from the home,
and removed from the home,
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Ugotovljeno je, da otroci niso
varni, in se jih odstrani od doma
varni, in se jih odstrani od doma
01:12
and placed in state custody
for a specified period of time.
for a specified period of time.
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in da v državni pripor
za določeno časovno obdobje.
za določeno časovno obdobje.
01:16
Or the children remain with their family
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Ali pa otroci ostanejo pri svoji družini
01:19
and the child welfare system
provides help and support.
provides help and support.
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in sistem socialne varnosti otrok
ponudi pomoč in podporo.
ponudi pomoč in podporo.
01:25
When I was a Child
Protective Services worker,
Protective Services worker,
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Ko sem bila zaposlena v otroškem skrbstvu,
01:27
I saw things like this all the time.
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sem take stvari videla kar naprej.
01:30
Some far better, some far worse.
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Mnogo boljše in mnogo slabše.
01:33
I asked you to imagine
yourself in that home,
yourself in that home,
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Prosila sem, da si predstavljate
sebe v takem domu,
sebe v takem domu,
01:36
because I wonder what crossed your mind.
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ker me zanima, kaj vas je prešinilo.
01:38
What guides your decisions?
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Kaj vodi vaše odločitve?
01:40
What's going to impact
your opinion of that family?
your opinion of that family?
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Kaj bo vplivalo na vaše mnenje
o tej družini?
o tej družini?
01:44
What race, ethnicity,
did you think the family was?
did you think the family was?
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Kakšne rase, etnične skupine,
mislite, je bila ta družina?
mislite, je bila ta družina?
01:49
I want you to realize
that if those children were white,
that if those children were white,
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Rada bi, da se zavedate,
da če bi ti otroci bili beli,
da če bi ti otroci bili beli,
01:53
it is more likely that their family
stays together after that visit.
stays together after that visit.
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bi bilo bolj verjetno, da bo družina
po tem prvem obisku ostala skupaj.
po tem prvem obisku ostala skupaj.
01:58
Research done at
the University of Pennsylvania
the University of Pennsylvania
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Raziskave, izvedene
na Univerzi v Pensilvaniji,
na Univerzi v Pensilvaniji,
02:00
found that white families, on average,
have access to more help and more support
have access to more help and more support
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so odkrile, da imajo bele družine
na splošno dostop do več pomoči in podpore
na splošno dostop do več pomoči in podpore
02:05
from the child welfare system.
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sistema socialne varnosti otrok.
02:07
And their cases are less likely
to go through a full investigation.
to go through a full investigation.
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Njihovi primeri bodo manj verjetno
šli skozi popolno preiskavo.
šli skozi popolno preiskavo.
02:14
But on the other hand,
if those kids are black,
if those kids are black,
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Po drugi strani pa,
če bi bili ti otroci črni,
če bi bili ti otroci črni,
02:17
they are four times
more likely to be removed,
more likely to be removed,
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bodo štirikrat bolj verjetno odstranjeni,
02:20
they spend longer periods
of time in foster care,
of time in foster care,
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več časa bodo preživeli v rejništvu
02:24
and it's harder to find them
a stable foster placement.
a stable foster placement.
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in težje jim bo najti stabilno
rejniško nastanitev.
rejniško nastanitev.
02:29
Foster care is meant to be
an immediate shelter of protection
an immediate shelter of protection
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Rejništvo naj bi bilo
takojšnje zavetje in zaščita
takojšnje zavetje in zaščita
02:32
for kids who are at high risk.
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za otroke z velikim tveganjem.
02:33
But it's also a confusing
and traumatic exit from the family.
and traumatic exit from the family.
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Je pa tudi odhod iz družine,
begajoč in travmatičen.
begajoč in travmatičen.
02:39
Research done at
the University of Minnesota
the University of Minnesota
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Raziskave na univerzi v Minnesoti
02:41
found that kids
who went through foster care
who went through foster care
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so odkrile, da so otroci,
ki so šli skozi rejništvo,
ki so šli skozi rejništvo,
02:43
had more behavioral problems
and internalized issues
and internalized issues
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imeli več vedenjskih problemov
in ponotranjenih težav
in ponotranjenih težav
02:46
than kids who remain with their families
while receiving help and support.
while receiving help and support.
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kot otroci, ki so ostali s svojimi
družinami in dobivali pomoč in podporo.
družinami in dobivali pomoč in podporo.
02:52
The scenario I mentioned earlier
is not uncommon.
is not uncommon.
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Scenarij, ki sem ga prej omenila,
ni nenavaden.
ni nenavaden.
02:55
A single mother,
living in low-income housing
living in low-income housing
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Mati samohranilka,
ki živi v socialnem stanovanju
ki živi v socialnem stanovanju
02:57
with her four children.
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s svojimi štirimi otroki.
02:59
And the rats make it
almost impossible to keep food,
almost impossible to keep food,
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Zaradi podgan je skoraj
nemogoče imeti hrano,
nemogoče imeti hrano,
03:02
let alone fresh food in the home.
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kaj šele svežo hrano.
03:05
Does that mother deserve
to have her children taken from her?
to have her children taken from her?
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Ali si ta mati zasluži,
da ji odvzamejo otroke?
da ji odvzamejo otroke?
03:10
Emma Ketteringham,
a family court attorney,
a family court attorney,
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Emma Ketteringham, družinska odvetnica,
03:13
says that if you live
in a poor neighborhood,
in a poor neighborhood,
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pravi, da če živiš v revni soseski,
03:16
then you better be a perfect parent.
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je zate bolje, da si popoln starš.
03:19
She says that we place unfair,
often unreachable standards
often unreachable standards
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Pravi, da postavljamo nepoštene,
pogoste nedosegljive standarde
pogoste nedosegljive standarde
03:22
on parents who are raising their kids
with very little money.
with very little money.
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staršem, ki vzgajajo svoje otroke
z zelo malo denarja.
z zelo malo denarja.
03:26
And their neighborhood and ethnicity
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In njihova soseščina in etničnost
03:28
impact whether or not
their kids are removed.
their kids are removed.
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vplivata na to, če jim bodo
otroke odvzeli ali ne.
otroke odvzeli ali ne.
03:33
In the two years I spent
on the front lines of child welfare,
on the front lines of child welfare,
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V dveh letih na bojni črti
otroškega skrbstva
otroškega skrbstva
03:36
I made high-stakes decisions.
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sem prejemala pomembne odločitve.
03:38
And I saw firsthand
how my personal values impacted my work.
how my personal values impacted my work.
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Iz prve roke sem videla, kako moje
osebne vrednote vplivajo na moje delo.
osebne vrednote vplivajo na moje delo.
03:42
Now, as social work faculty
at Florida State University,
at Florida State University,
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Zdaj sem zaposlena na Fakulteti
za socialno delo na univerzi na Floridi
za socialno delo na univerzi na Floridi
03:47
I lead an institute
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in vodim inštitut,
03:48
that curates the most innovative
and effective child welfare research.
and effective child welfare research.
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ki izvaja najbolj inovativno in učinkovito
raziskavo otroškega skrbstva.
raziskavo otroškega skrbstva.
03:52
And research tells us that there are
twice as many black kids in foster care,
twice as many black kids in foster care,
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In raziskava kaže, da je v rejniškem
sistemu dvakrat več temnopoltih otrok,
sistemu dvakrat več temnopoltih otrok,
03:57
twenty-eight percent,
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osemindvajset odstotkov,
03:59
than there are in the general
population, 14 percent.
population, 14 percent.
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kot jih je v splošni populaciji,
14 odstotkov.
14 odstotkov.
04:03
And although there are
several reasons why,
several reasons why,
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In čeprav obstaja veliko razlogov, zakaj,
04:05
I want to discuss one reason today:
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bi danes rada govorila o enem:
04:08
implicit bias.
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o implicitnem predsodku.
04:10
Let's start with "implicit."
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Pa začnimo z besedo impliciten.
04:12
It's subconscious,
something you're not aware of.
something you're not aware of.
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To pomeni podzavesten,
nekaj, česar se ne zavedamo.
nekaj, česar se ne zavedamo.
04:16
Bias -- those stereotypes and attitudes
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Predsodek - tisti stereotipi in odnosi,
04:19
that we all have
about certain groups of people.
about certain groups of people.
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ki jih vsi gojimo do določenih skupin.
04:22
So, implicit bias is what lurks
in the background
in the background
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Implicitni predsodek je tisto,
kar preži v ozadju
kar preži v ozadju
04:25
of every decision that we make.
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vsake naše odločitve.
04:28
So how can we fix it?
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Kako lahko to popravimo?
04:30
I have a promising solution
that I want to share.
that I want to share.
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Imam obetavno rešitev,
ki bi jo rada delila z vami.
ki bi jo rada delila z vami.
04:34
Now, in almost every state,
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Skoraj v vsaki državi
04:36
there are high numbers of black kids
going into foster care.
going into foster care.
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je veliko število temnopoltih otrok,
ki so nameščeni v rejništvo.
ki so nameščeni v rejništvo.
04:40
But data revealed that Nassau County,
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A podatki kažejo, da je okrožju Nassau,
04:43
a community in New York,
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skupnosti v New Yorku,
04:45
had managed to decrease
the number of black kids being removed.
the number of black kids being removed.
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uspelo zmanjšati število odvzetih
temnopoltih otrok.
temnopoltih otrok.
04:48
And in 2016, I went
into that community with my team
into that community with my team
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Leta 2016 sem šla v to skupnost
s svojo ekipo
s svojo ekipo
04:54
and led a research study,
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in vodila raziskovalno študijo,
04:55
discovering the use
of blind removal meetings.
of blind removal meetings.
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s katero sem odkrila uporabo
slepih odstranitvenih srečanj.
slepih odstranitvenih srečanj.
04:59
This is how it works.
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To deluje takole.
05:02
A case worker responds
to a report of child abuse.
to a report of child abuse.
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Socialni delavec se odzove
na prijavo o otroški zlorabi.
na prijavo o otroški zlorabi.
05:05
They go out to the home,
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Obišče dom,
05:06
but before the children are removed,
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a preden otroka odvzamejo,
05:08
the case worker
must come back to the office
must come back to the office
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mora socialni delavec iti nazaj v pisarno
05:11
and present what they found.
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in predstaviti svoje najdbe.
05:13
But here's the distinction:
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Tu je razlika:
05:14
When they present to the committee,
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ko predstavijo odboru,
05:16
they delete names, ethnicity,
neighborhood, race,
neighborhood, race,
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zbrišejo imena, etničnost, sosesko, raso,
05:20
all identifiable information.
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vse razpoznavne informacije.
05:23
They focus on what happened,
family strength, relevant history
family strength, relevant history
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Osredotočijo se na to, kaj se je zgodilo,
moč družine, relevantno zgodovino
moč družine, relevantno zgodovino
05:29
and the parents' ability
to protect the child.
to protect the child.
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in sposobnost staršev,
da zaščitijo otroka.
da zaščitijo otroka.
05:32
With that information,
the committee makes a recommendation,
the committee makes a recommendation,
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S temi informacijami odbor predlaga,
05:36
never knowing the race of the family.
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ne da bi poznal raso družine.
05:40
Blind removals have made
a drastic impact in that community.
a drastic impact in that community.
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Slepi odvzemi so drastično
vplivali na to skupnost.
vplivali na to skupnost.
05:44
In 2011, 57 percent of the kids
going into foster care were black.
going into foster care were black.
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Leta 2011 je bilo 57% otrok, nameščenih
v rejništvo, temnopoltih.
v rejništvo, temnopoltih.
05:49
But after five years of blind removals,
that is down to 21 percent.
that is down to 21 percent.
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Po petih letih slepih odvzemov
se je ta številka zmanjšala na 21 %.
se je ta številka zmanjšala na 21 %.
05:54
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
06:01
Here's what we learned
from talking to some of the case workers.
from talking to some of the case workers.
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Tole smo se naučili iz pogovora
z drugimi socialnim delavci:
z drugimi socialnim delavci:
06:04
"When a family has a history
with the department,
with the department,
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"Ko ima družina zgodovino
z našim oddelkom,
z našim oddelkom,
06:07
many of us hold that history against them,
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mnogi od nas kuhajo zamero,
06:10
even if they're trying
to do things differently."
to do things differently."
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tudi če poskušamo delati drugače."
06:13
"When I see a case from a certain
apartment building,
apartment building,
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"Ko zagledam primer iz določenega bloka,
06:16
neighborhood or zip code,
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soseščine ali kraja,
06:18
I just automatically think the worst."
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avtomatsko pomislim na najslabše."
06:22
"Child welfare is very subjective,
because it's an emotional field.
because it's an emotional field.
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"Otroško skrbstvo je zelo subjektivno,
ker je to čustveno polje.
ker je to čustveno polje.
06:26
There's no one who doesn't have
emotions around this work.
emotions around this work.
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Nikogar ni, ki ne bi bil
čustven pri tem delu.
čustven pri tem delu.
06:29
And it's very hard to leave
all of your stuff at the door
all of your stuff at the door
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In zelo težko je vse svoje misli
pustiti pred vrati,
pustiti pred vrati,
06:32
when you do this work.
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ko delaš.
06:33
So let's take the subjectivity
of race and neighborhood out of it,
of race and neighborhood out of it,
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Odvzemimo torej subjektivnost rase
in soseščine
in soseščine
06:38
and you might get different outcomes."
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in morda bomo dobili druge rezultate."
06:42
Blind removals seem to be
bringing us closer
bringing us closer
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Slepi odvzemi nas očitno vodijo bližje
06:45
to solving the problem of implicit bias
in foster-care decisions.
in foster-care decisions.
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k reševanju implicitnih
predsodkov v odločitvah o rejništvu.
predsodkov v odločitvah o rejništvu.
06:50
My next step is figuring out
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Moj naslednji korak je ugotoviti,
06:52
how to use artificial intelligence
and machine learning
and machine learning
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kako uporabiti umetno inteligenco
in stroje,
in stroje,
06:55
to bring this project to scale
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da bi se ta projekt razmahnil
06:57
and make it more accessible
to other states.
to other states.
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in postal lažje dostopen v drugih državah.
07:00
I know we can transform child welfare.
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Vem, da lahko spremenimo otroško skrbstvo.
Od organizacij lahko zahtevamo,
da bodo odgovorno
da bodo odgovorno
07:03
We can hold organizations accountable
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07:05
to developing the social consciousness
of their employees.
of their employees.
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razvijale socialno zavest
svojih zaposlenih.
svojih zaposlenih.
07:09
We can hold ourselves accountable
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Od sebe lahko zahtevamo,
07:11
to making sure our decisions
are driven by ethics and safety.
are driven by ethics and safety.
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da zagotovimo, da naše odločitve
vodita etika in varnost.
vodita etika in varnost.
07:15
Let's imagine a child welfare system
that focuses on partnering with parents,
that focuses on partnering with parents,
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Predstavljajmo si otroško skrbstvo,
ki se osredotoča na partnerstvo s starši,
ki se osredotoča na partnerstvo s starši,
07:21
empowering families,
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krepi družine
07:22
and no longer see poverty as failure.
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in revščine več ne vidi kot neuspeh.
07:26
Let's work together to build a system
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Stopimo skupaj in zgradimo sistem,
07:29
that wants to make families stronger
instead of pulling them apart.
instead of pulling them apart.
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ki želi družine narediti močnejše,
namesto da jih razdvaja.
namesto da jih razdvaja.
07:34
Thank you.
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Hvala.
07:35
(Applause) (Cheering)
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(aplavz, vzkliki)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessica Pryce - Child advocate, social scientistJessica Pryce creates strategies to reduce the impact of racial bias in child protective services.
Why you should listen
Jessica Pryce curates child welfare research that focuses on answering legislative questions and informing social policy. She has conducted research at the state and national level while publishing and presenting her work nationally and internationally. Her research has focused on the training and education of the workforce, racial disparity in child welfare decisions, and the disproportionality in our country's foster care system. Pryce is executive director of a research center at Florida State University
After earning her PhD at Howard University and working in New York state for two years, Pryce was appointed in 2016 the new Executive Director of the Florida Institute for Child Welfare, where she mobilizes social scientists devoted to improving the intractable issues that have negatively impacted the lives of vulnerable children and their families. She is currently engaged in a multi-year project focused on illuminating the experiences of black parents as they matriculate through child protective services. That same year, Pryce published an article illuminating strategies for the promotion of racial equity in a community on Long Island, NY.
In 2018, she was selected as a TED Resident. During the residency, she worked to disseminate strategies to child welfare agencies with the goal of their adopting Blind Removals, a racial equity strategy in child protection. Understanding the negative impact of removing children from their parents unnecessarily, Pryce has also written on the lingering, historical trauma of sanctioned family separations in the US.
Jessica Pryce | Speaker | TED.com