INK Conference
Anil Ananthaswamy: What it takes to do extreme astrophysics
Anil Anantasvami: Koliko je zahtevna astrofizika
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Širom planete, ogromni teleskopi i detektori traže (i slušaju) ključ za razumevanje univerzuma. Na INK konferenciji, naučnik - pisac Anil Anantasvami nas je poveo u obilazak ovih zadivljujućih konstrukcija, poveo nas je na neka od najudaljenijih i najtiših mesta na Zemlji.
Anil Ananthaswamy - Author, journalist
Anil Ananthaswamy specializes in writing about neuroscience and physics. He is the author of "The Man Who Wasn’t There," "The Edge of Physics" and the forthcoming "Through Two Doors at Once." Full bio
Anil Ananthaswamy specializes in writing about neuroscience and physics. He is the author of "The Man Who Wasn’t There," "The Edge of Physics" and the forthcoming "Through Two Doors at Once." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I would like to talk today
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Želeo bih danas da govorim
00:17
about what I think is one of the greatest adventures
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o onome što je mislim jedna od najvećih avantura
00:19
human beings have embarked upon,
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na koju je čovečanstvo pošlo,
00:21
which is the quest to understand the universe
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a to je potraga za razumevanjem univerzuma
00:24
and our place in it.
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i našeg mesta u njemu.
00:26
My own interest in this subject, and my passion for it,
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Moj lični interes za ovu temu i moja strast za nju,
00:29
began rather accidentally.
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su počeli sasvim slučajno.
00:31
I had bought a copy of this book,
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Kupio sam kopiju ove knjige,
00:34
"The Universe and Dr. Einstein" --
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"Univerzum i Dr. Ajnštajn" --
00:36
a used paperback from a secondhand bookstore in Seattle.
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polovno džepno izdanje iz knjižare u Sijetlu.
00:39
A few years after that, in Bangalore,
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Nekoliko godina nakon toga, u Bangaloru,
00:42
I was finding it hard to fall asleep one night,
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imao sam problema da zaspim jedne večeri,
00:44
and I picked up this book,
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i uzeo sam tu knjigu,
00:46
thinking it would put me to sleep in 10 minutes.
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mislio sam da će me uspavati za 10 minuta.
00:48
And as it happened,
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I kao što se desilo,
00:50
I read it from midnight to five in the morning in one shot.
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pročitao sam je bez zaustavljanja od ponoći do pet izjutra.
00:53
And I was left with this intense feeling
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Ostao sam sa ovim snažnim osećanjem
00:56
of awe and exhilaration
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strahopoštovanja i radoznalosti
00:58
at the universe
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prema univerzumu
01:00
and our own ability to understand as much as we do.
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i naše mogućnosti da ga delimično razumemo.
01:03
And that feeling hasn't left me yet.
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To osećanje me još uvek nije napustilo.
01:06
That feeling was the trigger for me
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To osećanje je uzrok za moju
01:08
to actually change my career --
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promenu karijere --
01:10
from being a software engineer to become a science writer --
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od programera postao sam naučni pisac --
01:13
so that I could partake in the joy of science,
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tako da mogu jednim delom da uživam u nauci,
01:16
and also the joy of communicating it to others.
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i istovremeno da uživam u prenošenju znanja drugima.
01:19
And that feeling also led me
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To osećanje me je takođe povelo
01:21
to a pilgrimage of sorts,
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u neku vrstu hodočašća,
01:23
to go literally to the ends of the earth
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bukvalno do kraja sveta
01:25
to see telescopes, detectors,
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da vidim teleskope, detektore,
01:28
instruments that people are building, or have built,
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instrumente koje ljudi grade ili su izgradili
01:31
in order to probe the cosmos
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u cilju istraživanja kosmosa
01:33
in greater and greater detail.
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sve detaljnije i detaljnije.
01:35
So it took me from places like Chile --
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Pošao sam sa mesta kao sto je Čile --
01:37
the Atacama Desert in Chile --
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Atakama pustinja u Čileu --
01:39
to Siberia,
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do Sibira,
01:41
to underground mines
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do podzemnih rudnika,
01:43
in the Japanese Alps, in Northern America,
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u japanskim Alpima, u Severnoj Americi,
01:45
all the way to Antarctica
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sve do Antartika
01:47
and even to the South Pole.
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čak do Južnog Pola.
01:49
And today I would like to share with you
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Danas bih želeo da podelim sa vama
01:51
some images, some stories of these trips.
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neke slike i neke priče sa ovih putovanja.
01:54
I have been basically spending the last few years
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Ja sam ustvari poslednjih nekoliko godina
01:56
documenting the efforts
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beležio napore
01:58
of some extremely intrepid men and women
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nekih izuzetno hrabrih muškaraca i žena
02:01
who are putting,
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koji su stavljali,
02:03
literally at times, their lives at stake
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ponekad izistinski, svoje živote na kocku
02:05
working in some very remote and very hostile places
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radeći u nekim veoma udaljenim i veoma negostoljubivim mestima
02:08
so that they may gather the faintest signals from the cosmos
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da bi mogli da zabeleže ponekad jedva primetne signale iz kosmosa
02:12
in order for us to understand this universe.
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da bi nam omogućili da razumemo univerzum.
02:15
And I first begin with a pie chart --
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Počeću sa kružnim prikazom.
02:17
and I promise this is the only pie chart
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Obećavam ovo je jedini kružni prikaz
02:19
in the whole presentation --
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u celoj prezentaciji.
02:21
but it sets up the state of our knowledge of the cosmos.
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Ali on će nam dati prikaz našeg razumevanja kosmosa.
02:25
All the theories in physics that we have today
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Sve fizičke teorije koje mi danas poznajemo
02:28
properly explain what is called normal matter --
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objašnjavaju ono što mi zovemo normalna materija --
02:30
the stuff that we're all made of --
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materijal od koga smo sačinjeni --
02:32
and that's four percent of the universe.
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a to je četiri procenta univerzuma.
02:34
Astronomers and cosmologists and physicists think
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Astronomi, kosmolozi i fizičari pretpostavljaju
02:37
that there is something called dark matter in the universe,
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da u univerzumu postoji i nešto što se zove tamna materija,
02:40
which makes up 23 percent of the universe,
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što čini 23 procenta univerzuma,
02:42
and something called dark energy,
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i nešto što se zove tamna energija,
02:44
which permeates the fabric of space-time,
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koja prožima sastav prostora i vremena,
02:46
that makes up another 73 percent.
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to čini preostalih 73 procenta
02:48
So if you look at this pie chart, 96 percent of the universe,
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Dakle ako pogledate na ovaj prikaz, 96 procenta univerzuma,
02:51
at this point in our exploration of it,
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u ovom trenutku našeg istaživanja istog,
02:53
is unknown or not well understood.
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je nepoznato ili nije dovoljno dobro objašnjeno.
02:56
And most of the experiments, telescopes that I went to see
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Većinu eksperimenata, teleskopi koje sam video
02:59
are in some way addressing this question,
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se na neki način bave ovim problemom,
03:02
these two twin mysteries of dark matter and dark energy.
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ovim dvema zagonetkama, tamne materije i tamne energije.
03:05
I will take you first to an underground mine
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Povešću vas prvo u podzemni rudnik
03:07
in Northern Minnesota
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u severnoj Minesoti
03:09
where people are looking
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gde ljudi traže
03:11
for something called dark matter.
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ono što se zove tamna materija.
03:13
And the idea here is that they are looking for a sign
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Ideja je da oni ustvari traže signal
03:16
of a dark matter particle hitting one of their detectors.
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sudara čestice tamne materije i njihovih detektora.
03:19
And the reason why they have to go underground
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Razlog zbog kojega moraju da idu ispod površine Zemlje
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is that, if you did this experiment on the surface of the Earth,
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je taj, da ukoliko bi pokušali ovaj eksperiment na Zemljinoj površini
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the same experiment would be swamped by signals
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isti eksperiment bi bio zatrpan signalima
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that could be created by things like cosmic rays,
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koji bi mogli biti uzrokovani, na primer kosmičkim zracima,
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ambient radio activity,
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prirodnom radioaktivnošću,
03:30
even our own bodies. You might not believe it,
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čak i našim telima. Možda nećete verovati,
03:33
but even our own bodies are radioactive enough to disturb this experiment.
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ali čak i naša tela su dovoljno radioaktivna da poremete ovaj eksperiment.
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So they go deep inside mines
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Zato oni idu duboko u rudnike
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to find a kind of environmental silence
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da bi pronašli tihu sredinu
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that will allow them to hear
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koja će im omogućiti da čuju
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the ping of a dark matter particle hitting their detector.
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kada čestica tamne materije udari u detektor.
03:46
And I went to see one of these experiments,
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Otišao sam da vidim jedan takav eksperiment,
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and this is actually -- you can barely see it,
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i ovo je zapravo -- jedva možete da vidite,
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and the reason for that is it's entirely dark in there --
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zato što je tamo toliko mračno.
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this is a cavern that was left behind by the miners
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Ovo je pećina koju su napustili rudari
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who left this mine in 1960.
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kada su napustili rudnik 1960.
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And physicists came and started using it
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I fizičari su došli i počeli da ga koriste
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sometime in the 1980s.
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u neko doba 1980-ih.
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And the miners in the early part of the last century
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Rudari su početkom prošlog veka
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worked, literally, in candlelight.
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radili, bukvalno, uz pomoć sveća.
04:07
And today, you would see this inside the mine,
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Danas, ovo možete da vidite unutar rudnika,
04:09
half a mile underground.
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oko 700 metara ispod zemlje.
04:11
This is one of the largest underground labs in the world.
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Ovo je jedna od najvećih podzemnih laboratorija u svetu.
04:13
And, among other things, they're looking for dark matter.
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Između ostalih stvari, oni tragaju i za tamnom materijom.
04:16
There is another way to search for dark matter,
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Postoji i drugi način da se traži tamna materija,
04:18
which is indirectly.
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a to je posredno.
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If dark matter exists in our universe,
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Ukoliko tamna materija postoji u našem univerzumu,
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in our galaxy,
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u našoj galaksiji,
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then these particles should be smashing together
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onda bi se ove čestice trebale sudarati
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and producing other particles that we know about --
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i proizvoditi druge čestice za koje znamo --
04:29
one of them being neutrinos.
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neutrino je jedna od njih.
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And neutrinos you can detect
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Neutrino može da se detektuje
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by the signature they leave
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uz pomoć traga koji ostavi
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when they hit water molecules.
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kada se sudari sa molekulom vode.
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When a neutrino hits a water molecule
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Kada neutrino udari u molekul vode
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it emits a kind of blue light,
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emituje neku vrstu plave svetlosti,
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a flash of blue light,
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bljesak plave svetlosti,
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and by looking for this blue light,
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i kada prepoznamo ovu plavu svetlost,
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you can essentially understand something about the neutrino
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možemo razumeti nešto o neutrinu
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and then, indirectly, something about the dark matter
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i tada, posredno, ponešto o tamnoj materiji
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that might have created this neutrino.
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koja je možda stvorila taj neutrino.
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But you need very, very large volumes of water
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Ali za to su potrebne ogromne količine vode
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in order to do this.
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da bi se ovo odigralo.
04:57
You need something like tens of megatons of water --
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Trebalo bi nešto kao desetine megatona vode --
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almost a gigaton of water --
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skoro gigatona vode --
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in order to have any chance of catching this neutrino.
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da bi se stvorila najmanja šansa da se uhvati neutrino.
05:04
And where in the world would you find such water?
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Gde u svetu može da se nađe toliko vode ?
05:06
Well the Russians have a tank in their own backyard.
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Pa, Rusi poseduju toliko spremište vode.
05:09
This is Lake Baikal.
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Ovo je Bajkalsko jezero.
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It is the largest lake in the world. It's 800 km long.
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Najveće jezero na svetu. Dugačko je 800 km.
05:14
It's about 40 to 50 km wide
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Široko je oko 40 do 50 km
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in most places,
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na većini mesta,
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and one to two kilometers deep.
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i duboko jedan do dva kilometra.
05:20
And what the Russians are doing
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Ono što Rusi rade
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is they're building these detectors
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je izgradnja detektora
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and immersing them about a kilometer beneath the surface of the lake
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i njihovo potapanje oko kilometra ispod površine jezera
05:27
so that they can watch for these flashes of blue light.
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tako da mogu da traže ove bljeskove plave svetlosti.
05:30
And this is the scene that greeted me when I landed there.
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Ova scena me je dočekala kada sam stigao tamo.
05:33
This is Lake Baikal
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Ovo je Bajkalsko jezero
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in the peak of the Siberian winter.
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u sred sibirske zime.
05:37
The lake is entirely frozen.
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Jezero je potpuno zaleđeno.
05:39
And the line of black dots
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Linije crnih tačaka
05:42
that you see in the background,
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koje vidite u pozadini,
05:44
that's the ice camp where the physicists are working.
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to je polarni kamp gde fizičari rade.
05:46
The reason why they have to work in winter
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Razlog zbog koga moraju da rade preko zime
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is because they don't have the money to work in summer and spring,
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je zato što nemaju finansijskih sredstava da rade u proleće i leto,
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which, if they did that,
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ukoliko bi to poželeli,
05:53
they would need ships and submersibles to do their work.
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trebali bi im brodovi i podmornice da obave njihov posao.
05:55
So they wait until winter --
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Zato oni moraju da čekaju zimu --
05:57
the lake is completely frozen over --
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kada se jezero potpuno zamrze --
05:59
and they use this meter-thick ice
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tada oni koriste ovaj metar debeo led
06:01
as a platform on which to establish their ice camp and do their work.
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kao platformu na kojoj izgrade polarni kamp i obavljaju posao.
06:04
So this is the Russians working on the ice
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Ovo su Rusi koji rade na ledu
06:08
in the peak of the Siberian winter.
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u sred sibirske zime.
06:10
They have to drill holes in the ice,
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Moraju da izbuše rupe u ledu,
06:12
dive down into the water -- cold, cold water --
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da zarone u vodu -- veoma hladnu vodu --
06:14
to get hold of the instrument, bring it up,
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da bi uzeli instrument i doneli ga na površinu,
06:17
do any repairs and maintenance that they need to do,
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da obave sve popravke i održavanja koja moraju da urade,
06:20
put it back and get out before the ice melts.
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da ga vrate nazad i odu pre nego se led istopi.
06:22
Because that phase of solid ice lasts for two months
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Ova faza čvrstog leda traje svega dva meseca
06:24
and it's full of cracks.
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i on je prepun pukotina.
06:26
And you have to imagine, there's an entire sea-like lake
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Možete zamisliti, dole je ogromno jezero
06:29
underneath, moving.
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kreće se, ispod.
06:31
I still don't understand this one Russian man
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Još uvek ne mogu da razumem ovog Rusa
06:34
working in his bare chest,
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koji je radio polu go,
06:36
but that tells you how hard he was working.
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ali to vam samo govori koliko se mučio.
06:39
And these people, a handful of people,
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Ovi ljudi, svega nekoliko njih,
06:41
have been working for 20 years,
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rade ovako već 20 godina,
06:43
looking for particles that may or may not exist.
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traže čestice koje možda postoje, a možda i ne.
06:45
And they have dedicated their lives to it.
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Oni su posvetili svoje živote tome.
06:48
And just to give you an idea,
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Samo da bi razumeli,
06:50
they have spent 20 million over 20 years.
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oni su potrošili 20 milliona u toku 20 godina.
06:53
It's very harsh conditions.
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Ovo su veoma okrutni uslovi.
06:55
They work on a shoestring budget.
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Oni rade sa "štapom i kanapom"
06:57
The toilets there are literally holes in the ground
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Toaleti koje koriste su bukvalno samo rupe u zemlji
06:59
covered with a wooden shack.
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pokrivene daskama.
07:02
And it's that basic,
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Samo najnužnije,
07:04
but they do this every year.
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ali ipak oni ovo rade svake godine.
07:06
From Siberia to the Atacama Desert in Chile,
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Od Sibira do Atakama pustinje u Čileu,
07:09
to see something called The Very Large Telescope.
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da bi videli nešto što se zove "Veoma veliki teleskop".
07:11
The Very Large Telescope
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Veoma veliki teleskop
07:13
is one of these things that astronomers do --
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to je jedna od stvari koje astronomi rade --
07:15
they name their telescopes rather unimaginatively.
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oni daju nemaštovita imena svojim teleskopima.
07:17
I can tell you for a fact,
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Iskreno mogu da vam kažem,
07:19
that the next one that they're planning is called The Extremely Large Telescope.
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da je sledeći koji planiraju nazvan "Izuzetno veliki teleskop".
07:22
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
07:24
And you wouldn't believe it,
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Nećete mi verovati
07:26
but the one after that is going to be called The Overwhelmingly Large Telescope.
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ali onaj nakon toga će biti nazvan "Izuzetno ogroman teleskop".
07:29
But nonetheless,
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Ipak,
07:31
it's an extraordinary piece of engineering.
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to je izuzetno projektantsko delo.
07:33
These are four 8.2 meter telescopes.
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Ovo su četiri teleskopa promera 8.2 m.
07:36
And these telescopes, among other things,
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Ovi teleskopi, između ostalog,
07:38
they're being used to study
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se koriste za proučavanje
07:40
how the expansion of the universe is changing with time.
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kako se širenje univerzuma menja u toku vremena.
07:43
And the more you understand that,
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Što više to razumemo,
07:45
the better you would understand
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bolje ćemo razumeti
07:47
what this dark energy that the universe is made of is all about.
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šta tamna energija -- koja sačinjava univerzum -- predstavlja.
07:50
And one piece of engineering that I want to leave you with
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Pre nego što završimo sa ovim pokazaću vam jedan deo
07:53
as regards this telescope
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sa ovog teleskopa
07:55
is the mirror.
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to je ogledalo.
07:57
Each mirror, there are four of them,
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Svako ogledalo, a ima ih četiri,
07:59
is made of a single piece of glass,
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je napravljeno iz jednog komada stakla,
08:01
a monolithic piece of high-tech ceramic,
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ogromni komad visoko tehnološke keramike,
08:03
that has been ground down and polished to such accuracy
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koji je brušen i poliran do tolike preciznosti
08:06
that the only way to understand what that is
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da jedini način da to razumete je
08:09
is [to] imagine a city like Paris,
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da zamislite grad kao Pariz,
08:11
with all its buildings and the Eiffel Tower,
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sa svim njegovim građevinama i Ajfelovom kulom,
08:14
if you grind down Paris to that kind of accuracy,
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ukoliko bi izbrusili Pariz toliko detaljno,
08:17
you would be left with bumps that are one millimeter high.
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sva uzvišenja koja bi ostala bila bi samo milimetar visoka.
08:21
And that's the kind of polishing that these mirrors have endured.
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Toliko su dobro uglačana ova ogledala.
08:24
An extraordinary set of telescopes.
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Izuzetan komplet teleskopa.
08:26
Here's another view of the same.
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Još jedan pogled istog.
08:28
The reason why you have to build these telescopes
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Razlog zbog kojeg su ovi teleskopi izgrađeni
08:30
in places like the Atacama Desert
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na mestima kao pustinja Atakama
08:32
is because of the high altitude desert.
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je zbog visoke nadmorske visine.
08:35
The dry air is really good for telescopes,
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Suv vazduh je dobar za teleskope,
08:38
and also, the cloud cover is below the summit of these mountains
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takođe, oblaci su ispod vrha ove planine
08:40
so that the telescopes have
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tako da teleskop ima
08:42
about 300 days of clear skies.
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oko 300 dana čistog neba.
08:44
Finally, I want to take you to Antarctica.
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Konačno, povešću vas na Antarktik.
08:46
I want to spend most of my time on this part of the world.
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Želeo bih da provedem duže vreme u ovom delu sveta.
08:50
This is cosmology's final frontier.
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Ovo je za kosmologiju konačni cilj.
08:52
Some of the most amazing experiments,
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Neki od veoma zadivljujućih eksperimenata,
08:54
some of the most extreme experiments,
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neki od najekstremnijih eksperimenata,
08:56
are being done in Antarctica.
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su izvedeni na Antarktiku.
08:58
I was there to view something called a long-duration balloon flight,
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Bio sam tamo da bih video nešto nazvano dugački let balonom,
09:01
which basically takes telescopes and instruments
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koji ponese teleskope i instrumente
09:04
all the way to the upper atmosphere,
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sve do gornje atmosfere,
09:06
the upper stratosphere, 40 km up.
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do gornje stratosfere, do 40 km visine.
09:09
And that's where they do their experiments,
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Tamo oni vrše svoje eksperimente,
09:11
and then the balloon, the payload, is brought down.
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nakon toga balon i njegov tovar, se vraćaju dole.
09:14
So this is us landing on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica.
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Ovo mi slećemo na Ros lednik na Antarktiku.
09:17
That's an American C-17 cargo plane
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Ovo je Američki C-17 transportni avion
09:19
that flew us from New Zealand
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koji nas je doleteo sa Novog Zelanda
09:21
to McMurdo in Antarctica.
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do MakMurdo na Antarktiku.
09:23
And here we are about to board our bus.
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Ovde se ukrcavamo na autobus.
09:25
And I don't know if you can read the lettering,
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Ne znam možete li pročitati natpis,
09:27
but it says, "Ivan the Terribus."
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piše, "Ivan Groznibus".
09:30
And that's taking us to McMurdo.
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Odlazimo u MakMurdo.
09:33
And this is the scene that greets you in McMurdo.
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Ovo je scena koja vas dočeka na ulazu u MakMurdo.
09:36
And you barely might be able to make out
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Jedva možete razaznati
09:38
this hut here.
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ovu brvnaru ovde.
09:40
This hut was built by Robert Falcon Scott and his men
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Nju su izgradili Robert Falkon Skot i njegovi ljudi
09:43
when they first came to Antarctica
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kada su prvi put došli na Antarktik
09:45
on their first expedition to go to the South Pole.
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u toku njihove prve ekspedicije na Južni Pol.
09:47
Because it's so cold,
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Zato što je toliko hladno,
09:49
the entire contents of that hut is still as they left it,
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celokupni sadržaj brvnare je još uvek kao što su ga oni ostavili,
09:52
with the remnants of the last meal they cooked still there.
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zajedno sa ostacima poslednjeg obroka koji su tamo spremili.
09:55
It's an extraordinary place.
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To je izuzetno mesto.
09:57
This is McMurdo itself. About a thousand people work here in summer,
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Ovo je MakMurdo. Oko hiljadu ljudi radi ovde u toku leta,
10:00
and about 200 in winter
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i oko 200 u toku zime
10:02
when it's completely dark for six months.
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kada je i potpuni mrak šest meseci.
10:04
I was here to see the launch
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Bio sam tamo da posmatram lansiranje
10:06
of this particular type of instrument.
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ovog specifičnog instrumenta.
10:08
This is a cosmic ray experiment
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Ovo je eksperiment kosmičkih zraka
10:10
that has been launched all the way to the upper-stratosphere
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koji je lansiran sve do gornje stratosfere
10:13
to an altitude of 40 km.
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do visine od 40 km.
10:15
What I want you to imagine is this is two tons in weight.
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Zamislite ovo je teško dve tone.
10:18
So you're using a balloon
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Zamislite da koristite balon
10:20
to carry something that is two tons
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da ponesete nešto teško dve tone
10:22
all the way to an altitude of 40 km.
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sve do visine od 40 km.
10:25
And the engineers, the technicians, the physicists
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Inžinjeri, tehničari i fizičari
10:28
have all got to assemble on the Ross Ice Shelf,
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moraju sve to da sastave na Ros ledniku,
10:31
because Antarctica -- I won't go into the reasons why --
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zato što je Antarktik -- neću ići u razloge zašto --
10:34
but it's one of the most favorable places for doing these balloon launches,
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jedna od najboljih lokacija za obavljanje ovih lansiranja balona,
10:36
except for the weather.
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izuzetak su vremenske prilike.
10:38
The weather, as you can imagine,
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Vremenske prilike su, kao što možete da zamislite,
10:40
this is summer, and you're standing on 200 ft of ice.
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ovo je leto, a vi stojite na 60 m leda.
10:42
And there's a volcano behind,
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Ovo je vulkan u pozadini,
10:44
which has glaciers at the very top.
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sa lednikom na vrhu.
10:46
And what they have to do
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Oni moraju da
10:48
is they have to assemble the entire balloon --
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osposobe čitav balon --
10:50
the fabric, parachute and everything -- on the ice
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platno, padobran i sve ostalo -- na ledu
10:53
and then fill it up with helium.
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i nakon toga da ga napune helijumom.
10:55
And that process takes about two hours.
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Sav taj proces traje oko dva sata.
10:57
And the weather can change as they're putting together this whole assembly.
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Vremenske prilike lako mogu da se promene dok oni to obavljaju.
11:00
For instance, here they are laying down the balloon fabric behind,
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Na primer, ovde postavljaju platno balona iza njih,
11:03
which is eventually going to be filled up with helium.
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koje će posle biti ispunjeno helijumom.
11:06
Those two trucks you see at the very end
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Ova dva kamiona koja vidite u pozadini
11:08
carry 12 tanks each of compressed helium.
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nose 12 tankova kompresovanog helijuma svaki.
11:11
Now, in case the weather changes before the launch,
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Ukoliko se vremenske prilike promene pre lansiranja,
11:14
they have to actually pack everything back up into their boxes
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oni moraju sve da spakuju nazad u odgovarajuće kutije
11:17
and take it out back to McMurdo Station.
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i da ih vrate nazad u MakMurdo stanicu.
11:20
And this particular balloon,
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Upravo ovaj balon,
11:22
because it has to launch two tons of weight,
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zato što mora da ponese dve tone tereta,
11:24
is an extremely huge balloon.
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je izuzetno veliki balon.
11:27
The fabric alone weighs two tons.
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Samo platno je teško dve tone.
11:29
In order to minimize the weight,
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Da bi smanjili težinu,
11:32
it's very thin, it's as thin as a sandwich wrapper.
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veoma je tanko, tanko je kao papir za sendviče.
11:34
And if they have to pack it back,
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Ukoliko moraju da ga spakuju nazad,
11:36
they have to put it into boxes
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moraju da ga vrate u kutije
11:38
and stamp on it so that it fits into the box again --
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i da stoje na njemu tako da može da stane nazad u kutiju --
11:41
except, when they did it first,
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osim što, kada su to uradili prvi put,
11:43
it would have been done in Texas.
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bilo je to u Teksasu.
11:45
Here, they can't do it with the kind shoes they're wearing,
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Ovde, to ne mogu da postignu sa obućom koju nose,
11:48
so they have to take their shoes off,
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tako da moraju da skinu čizme,
11:50
get barefoot into the boxes, in this cold,
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da budu bosi kada ulaze u kutije po ovoj hladnoći
11:52
and do that kind of work.
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i rade takav posao.
11:54
That's the kind of dedication these people have.
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To je posvećenost koju ovi ljudi imaju.
11:56
Here's the balloon being filled up with helium,
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Ovde se balon puni helijumom,
11:58
and you can see it's a gorgeous sight.
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kao što vidite prizor je zadivljujući.
12:00
Here's a scene
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Ovo je scena
12:02
that shows you the balloon and the payload end-to-end.
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koja prikazuje balon i teret od početka do kraja.
12:04
So the balloon is being filled up with helium on the left-hand side,
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Sa leve strane balon se puni helijumom,
12:07
and the fabric actually runs all the way to the middle
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platno je sve do sredine
12:10
where there's a piece of electronics and explosives
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gde se nalazi deo sa elektronikom i eksplozivom
12:13
being connected to a parachute,
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koji je zakačen za padobran,
12:15
and then the parachute is then connected to the payload.
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a padobran je zakačen za teret.
12:17
And remember, all this wiring is being done
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Ne zaboravite, sve ovo su povezali
12:19
by people in extreme cold, in sub-zero temperatures.
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ljudi u ekstermnoj hladnoći, na temperaturi ispod nule.
12:22
They're wearing about 15 kg of clothing and stuff,
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Oni nose oko 15 kg odeće i opreme,
12:25
but they have to take their gloves off in order to do that.
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ali ipak moraju da skidaju rukavice da bi uradili ovo.
12:28
And I would like to share with you a launch.
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Hteo bih da podelim sa vama trenutak lansiranja.
12:31
(Video) Radio: Okay, release the balloon,
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(Video) Radio: U redu, oslobodite balon,
12:33
release the balloon, release the balloon.
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oslobodite balon, oslobodite balon.
13:04
Anil Ananthaswamy: And I'll finally like to leave you with two images.
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Anil Anantasvami: Za kraj ću vas ostaviti sa dva prizora.
13:07
This is an observatory in the Himalayas, in Ladakh in India.
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Ovo je opservatorija na Himalajima, u Ladaku u Indiji.
13:10
And the thing I want you to look at here
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Ono što želim da primetite ovde
13:12
is the telescope on the right-hand side.
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je teleskop na desnoj strani.
13:14
And on the far left there
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Na krajnoj levoj strani
13:16
is a 400 year-old Buddhist monastery.
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je 400 godina star budistički manastir.
13:18
This is a close-up of the Buddhist monastery.
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Ovo je budistički manastir iz blizine.
13:20
And I was struck by the juxtaposition
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Bio sam zadivljen prizorom
13:23
of these two enormous disciplines that humanity has.
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ovima dvama dostignućima čovečanstva.
13:26
One is exploring the cosmos on the outside,
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Jedno je istaživanje kosmosa izvana,
13:29
and the other one is exploring our interior being.
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a drugo je istaživanje sebe samih iznutra.
13:31
And both require silence of some sort.
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Oba zahtevaju neku vrstu tišine.
13:34
And what struck me was
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Ono što me je iznenadilo
13:36
every place that I went to to see these telescopes,
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je da na svakom mestu gde sam otišao da vidim teleskope,
13:38
the astronomers and cosmologists
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astronomi i kosmolozi
13:40
are in search of a certain kind of silence,
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su u potazi za izvesnom vrstom tišine,
13:42
whether it's silence from radio pollution
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bilo da je to tišina od radio zagađenosti
13:44
or light pollution or whatever.
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ili svetlosna zagađenost ili šta drugo.
13:47
And it was very obvious
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Bilo je očigledno
13:49
that, if we destroy these silent places on Earth,
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da, ukoliko uništimo ova tiha mesta na Zemlji,
13:51
we will be stuck on a planet without the ability to look outwards,
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bićemo zaglavljeni na planeti bez mogućnosti da vidimo napolje,
13:54
because we will not be able to understand the signals that come from outer space.
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jer nećemo biti u mogućnosti da razumemo signale koji dolaze iz svemira.
13:57
Thank you.
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Hvala.
13:59
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anil Ananthaswamy - Author, journalistAnil Ananthaswamy specializes in writing about neuroscience and physics. He is the author of "The Man Who Wasn’t There," "The Edge of Physics" and the forthcoming "Through Two Doors at Once."
Why you should listen
Anil Ananthaswamy is a consultant for New Scientist in London. He has worked at the magazine in various capacities since 2000, most recently as deputy news editor. He is also a contributor to National Geographic News.
Ananthaswamy worked as a software engineer in Silicon Valley before training as a journalist at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He's the author of The Edge of Physics (published as The Edge of Reason by Penguin in India) and The Man Who Wasn’t There.
Anil Ananthaswamy | Speaker | TED.com