TED2011
Janet Echelman: Taking imagination seriously
Dženet Ehelman: Ozbiljno shvatanje mašte
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Dženet Ehelman je pronašla svoj pravi glas kao umetnica kad su joj farbe nestale -- tada je morala da potraži novi, neobičan materijal. Sada ona pravi tečne, ogromne skulpture koje imaju jednu neočekivanu stranu. 10 interesantnih minuta neograničene kreativnosti.
Janet Echelman - Artist
American artist Janet Echelman reshapes urban airspace with monumental, fluidly moving sculpture that responds to environmental forces including wind, water, and sunlight. Full bio
American artist Janet Echelman reshapes urban airspace with monumental, fluidly moving sculpture that responds to environmental forces including wind, water, and sunlight. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
This story
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Ova priča
00:17
is about taking imagination seriously.
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je o ozbiljnom pristupu mašti.
00:20
Fourteen years ago,
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Pre 14 godina
00:22
I first encountered this ordinary material, fishnet,
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ja sam prvi put pronašla jedan običan materijal, ribarsku mrežu,
00:25
used the same way for centuries.
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koji je korišćen na isti načim već stotinama godina.
00:28
Today, I'm using it to create
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Danas, ja ga koristim da stvorim
00:30
permanent, billowing, voluptuous forms
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stalne, bujne, pohotljive oblike
00:33
the scale of hard-edged buildings
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veličine grubih zgrada
00:35
in cities around the world.
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u gradovima po celom svetu.
00:38
I was an unlikely person to be doing this.
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Ja nisam tipična osoba koja se bavi time.
00:41
I never studied sculpture,
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Nisam nikada studirala skulpturu,
00:43
engineering or architecture.
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ni inženjerstvo ili arhitekturu.
00:45
In fact, after college
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Zapravo, posle srednje škole
00:47
I applied to seven art schools
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prijavila sam se na sedam škola umetnosti
00:49
and was rejected by all seven.
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i nisam prihvaćena ni u jednu.
00:53
I went off on my own to become an artist,
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Rešila sam da sama postanem umetnik,
00:55
and I painted for 10 years,
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i slikala sam narednih 10 godina,
00:59
when I was offered a Fulbright to India.
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kad sam konačno dobila Fulbrajt stipendiju da idem za indiju.
01:02
Promising to give exhibitions of paintings,
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Kako sam obećala da ću izložiti svoje slike,
01:05
I shipped my paints and arrived in Mahabalipuram.
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poslala sam ih i stigla u Mahabalipuram.
01:07
The deadline for the show arrived --
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Dan izložbe je stigao --
01:10
my paints didn't.
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ali moje slike nisu.
01:12
I had to do something.
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Morala sam nešto da preuzmem.
01:14
This fishing village was famous for sculpture.
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Ovo ribarsko selo je vrlo poznato po skulpturi.
01:16
So I tried bronze casting.
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Pa sam probala livenje bronze.
01:19
But to make large forms was too heavy and expensive.
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Ali praviti velike forme je bilo teško i skupo.
01:22
I went for a walk on the beach,
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Otišla sam da se prošetam na plaži,
01:24
watching the fishermen
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i tamo sam gledala ribare
01:26
bundle their nets into mounds on the sand.
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kako gomilaju svoje mreže na pesku.
01:28
I'd seen it every day,
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Isto kao što sam videla svaki dan to tada,
01:30
but this time I saw it differently --
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ali ovaj put mi se učinilo drugačije --
01:32
a new approach to sculpture,
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novi pristup skulpturi,
01:34
a way to make volumetric form
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način da se napravi volumetrijska forma
01:37
without heavy solid materials.
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bez teških i čvrstih materijala.
01:40
My first satisfying sculpture
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Moja prva zadovoljavajuća skulptura
01:42
was made in collaboration with these fishermen.
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je napravljena u saradnji sa ovim ribarima.
01:45
It's a self-portrait
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To je autoportret
01:47
titled "Wide Hips."
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nazvan "Široki kukovi".
01:49
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
01:53
We hoisted them on poles to photograph.
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Podigli smo ih na šipke da bi ih slikali.
01:56
I discovered
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Primetila sam
01:58
their soft surfaces
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da su te mekane površine
02:00
revealed every ripple of wind
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reagovale na svaki dah vetra
02:02
in constantly changing patterns.
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u stalno promenljivim oblicima.
02:04
I was mesmerized.
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Bila sam opčinjena.
02:07
I continued studying craft traditions
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Nastavila sam da proučavam tradicije zanata
02:10
and collaborating with artisans,
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i da sarađujem sa zanatlijama,
02:12
next in Lithuania with lace makers.
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onda sa krojačima čipke u Litvaniji.
02:14
I liked the fine detail
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Volela sam fine detalje koje
02:16
it gave my work,
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su davale mojim radovima,
02:18
but I wanted to make them larger --
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ali htela sam da budu veći --
02:20
to shift from being an object you look at
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da ne budu samo objekti koji se mogu gledati
02:22
to something you could get lost in.
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nego da budu objekti u kojima se može izgubiti.
02:25
Returning to India to work with those fishermen,
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Vratila sam se u Indiju da bi opet radila sa onim ribarima,
02:28
we made a net
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napravili smo mrežu
02:30
of a million and a half hand-tied knots --
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od milion i po ručno vezanih čvorova --
02:35
installed briefly in Madrid.
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koja je bila neko kratko vreme izložena u Madridu.
02:38
Thousands of people saw it,
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Hiljade ljudi su je videli
02:40
and one of them was the urbanist
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i jedan od njih je bio urbanista
02:42
Manual Sola-Morales
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Manuel Sola-Morales,
02:44
who was redesigning the waterfront
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koji je tad redizajnirao kej
02:46
in Porto, Portugal.
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u Portu, u Portugaliji.
02:49
He asked if I could build this
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Pitao me je da li bih mogla to da napravim
02:51
as a permanent piece for the city.
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ali kao stalnu skulpturu za grad.
02:53
I didn't know if I could do that
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Nisam znala da li bih mogla to da uspem
02:55
and preserve my art.
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a i da sačuvam svoju umetnost.
02:57
Durable, engineered, permanent --
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Izdržljivo, inženjersko, dugotrajno --
03:00
those are in opposition
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ti kvaliteti se teško uklapaju
03:02
to idiosyncratic, delicate and ephemeral.
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sa idiosinkratičnim, delikatnim i efemernim.
03:06
For two years, I searched for a fiber
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Dve godine sam tražila vlakno
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that could survive ultraviolet rays,
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koje bi moglo da izdrži ultravioletno zračenje,
03:11
salt, air, pollution,
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so, vazduh, zagađenje,
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and at the same time remain soft enough
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a itekako koje bi ostalo dovoljno mekano da bi
03:16
to move fluidly in the wind.
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se lagano kretalo uz vetar.
03:19
We needed something to hold the net up
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Trebalo nam je nešto što bi moglo da drži tu
03:21
out there in the middle of the traffic circle.
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mrežu tamo na sredini koloseka.
03:23
So we raised this 45,000-pound steel ring.
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Zatim smo podigli čelični prsten od 22,000 kg.
03:28
We had to engineer it
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Morali smo ga napraviti
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to move gracefully in an average breeze
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da se može lagano kretati na tihom vetru,
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and survive in hurricane winds.
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a i da bi preživeo najžešću oluju.
03:35
But there was no engineering software
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Ali tada nije postojao kompjuterski program
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to model something porous and moving.
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koji bi mogao da modelira nešto toliko pokretno i porozno.
03:42
I found a brilliant aeronautical engineer
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Našla sam odličnog aeronautičkog inženjera
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who designs sails for America's Cup racing yachts
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koji pravi jedra za amerikke trkačke jahte,
03:48
named Peter Heppel.
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zove se Piter Hepel.
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He helped me tackle the twin challenges
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On mi je pomogao da rešim oba problema:
03:53
of precise shape
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precizni oblik
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and gentle movement.
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i lagano kretanje.
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I couldn't build this the way I knew
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Nisam ga mogla praviti tako kako sam znala,
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because hand-tied knots
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zato što ručno-vezani čvorovi
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weren't going to withstand a hurricane.
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ne bi mogli da izdrže oluju.
04:04
So I developed a relationship
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Pa sam se zato udružila sa
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with an industrial fishnet factory,
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jednim industrijskim proizvođačem ribarskih mreža,
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learned the variables of their machines,
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i naučila kako rade njihove mašine,
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and figured out a way
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tako da bih konačno pronašla način
04:12
to make lace with them.
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kako da stvorim čipku s njima.
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There was no language
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Nije postojao sistem
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to translate this ancient, idiosyncratic handcraft
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da bi se ova stara, idiosinkratična veština prevela
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into something machine operators could produce.
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u nešto što bi ovi mašinisti mogli da kreiraju.
04:24
So we had to create one.
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I to smo morali da stvorimo.
04:27
Three years and two children later,
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Tri godine i dvoje dece kasnije,
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we raised this 50,000-square-foot lace net.
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podigli smo ovu čipkanu mrezu od 18,000 kvadrata.
04:34
It was hard to believe
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Stvarno je bilo teško verovati
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that what I had imagined
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da to što sam ja zamišljala
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was now built, permanent
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je sada izgrađeno, stalno
04:41
and had lost nothing in translation.
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i da nije izgubilo ništa u tom prevodu.
04:44
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
04:49
This intersection had been bland and anonymous.
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Ova raskrsnica je ranije bila dosadna i anonimna.
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Now it had a sense of place.
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Sada ima smisao mesta.
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I walked underneath it
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Prošla sam ispod skulpture
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for the first time.
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po prvi put.
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As I watched the wind's choreography unfold,
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Gledala sam kako se razvijala koreografija vetra,
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I felt sheltered
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imala sam utisak zaštićenosti
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and, at the same time,
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i u istom trenutku,
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connected to limitless sky.
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povezanosti sa neograničenim nebom.
05:08
My life was not going to be the same.
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Život mi je od tada skroz promenjen.
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I want to create these oases of sculpture
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Htela sam da stvaram ove oaze skulptura
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in spaces of cities around the world.
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u praznim mestima raznih gradova po svetu.
05:25
I'm going to share two directions
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Htela bi sada da govorim o dva dodatna
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that are new in my work.
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elementa u mom radu.
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Historic Philadelphia City Hall:
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Istorijska gradska kuća Filadelfije:
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its plaza, I felt, needed a material for sculpture
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imala sam utisak da je njenom trgu trebao materijal za skulpturu
05:36
that was lighter than netting.
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lakši od ribarske mreže.
05:38
So we experimented
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Zato smo eksperimentisali
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with tiny atomized water particles
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sa malim atomiziranim vodenim česticama
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to create a dry mist
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da bismo stvorili suvu maglu
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that is shaped by the wind
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koja bi reagovala na vetar.
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and in testing, discovered
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U testiranju smo shvatili
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that it can be shaped by people
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da može reagovati i na ljudsku ruku
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who can interact and move through it without getting wet.
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i da ljudi mogli da se kreću kroz nju, a da ne budu mokri.
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I'm using this sculpture material
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Ja koristim ovaj skulpturni materijal
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to trace the paths of subway trains above ground
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da bih pratila putanje metroa iznad zemlje
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in real time --
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u realnom vremenu --
06:03
like an X-ray of the city's circulatory system unfolding.
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kao rendgen gradskog circularnog sistema.
06:11
Next challenge,
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Sledeći izazov je bio
06:13
the Biennial of the Americas in Denver
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kada je Bijenale Amerika u Denveru
06:15
asked, could I represent
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tražilo da prikažem
06:17
the 35 nations of the Western hemisphere and their interconnectedness
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svih 35 nacija zapadne hemisfere i njihove povezanosti
06:20
in a sculpture?
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u jednoj skulpturi.
06:22
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
06:25
I didn't know where to begin,
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Nisam znala gde da počnem,
06:27
but I said yes.
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ali sam pristala.
06:29
I read about the recent earthquake in Chile
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Čitala sam o zemljotresu u Čileu
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and the tsunami that rippled across
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i o cunamiju koji je prešao preko
06:34
the entire Pacific Ocean.
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celog Pacifika.
06:36
It shifted the Earth's tectonic plates,
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Pomerio je tektonske ploče Zemlje,
06:39
sped up the planet's rotation
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i ubrzao rotaciju planete
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and literally shortened the length of the day.
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i bukvalno skratio dužinu dana.
06:44
So I contacted NOAA,
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Nazvala sam Nacionalnu administraciju za okeane i atmosferu,
06:47
and I asked if they'd share their data on the tsunami,
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i zamolila ih da mi proslede svoje podatke o cunamiju,
06:50
and translated it into this.
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i prevela sam sve to u ovo.
06:55
Its title: "1.26"
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Zove se: "1.26", a odnosi se
06:58
refers to the number of microseconds
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na broj milisekundi
07:00
that the Earth's day was shortened.
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za koliko je skraćen dan.
07:03
I couldn't build this with a steel ring, the way I knew.
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Ovo nisam mogla zidati sa čeličnim prstenom kao što sam ranije radila.
07:06
Its shape was too complex now.
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Oblik je postao previše komplikovan.
07:09
So I replaced the metal armature
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Pa sam zamenila metalnu armaturu
07:11
with a soft, fine mesh
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sa mekanom, finom mrežom,
07:13
of a fiber 15 times stronger than steel.
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napravljenom od vlakana koja su 15 puta jača od čelika.
07:17
The sculpture could now be entirely soft,
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Ova skulptura je sada mogla da bude skroz mekana,
07:21
which made it so light
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i zato lagana
07:23
it could tie in to existing buildings --
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da bi mogla da se ubaci u postojeće zgrade --
07:26
literally becoming part of the fabric of the city.
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da bukvalno postane deo tkanine grada.
07:29
There was no software
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Opet nije postojao kompjuterski program
07:31
that could extrude these complex net forms
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koji bi mogao da modelira ove komplikovane forme
07:34
and model them with gravity.
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sa gravitacijom.
07:36
So we had to create it.
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Pa smo i to morali kreirati.
07:39
Then I got a call from New York City
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Onda sam primila poziv iz Njujorka,
07:42
asking if I could adapt these concepts
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pitali su me da li bih mogla da prilagodim ove ideje
07:45
to Times Square
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na Tajms Skveru
07:47
or the High Line.
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ili na Hajlajnu.
07:49
This new soft structural method
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Ovaj novi mekani strukturalni metod
07:52
enables me to model these
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mi omogućava da modeliram ovo
07:54
and build these sculptures
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i da napravim ovakve skultpture,
07:56
at the scale of skyscrapers.
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veličine oblakodera.
07:59
They don't have funding yet,
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Trenutno nemaju finansiranje,
08:01
but I dream now
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ali sada sanjam o tome da
08:03
of bringing these to cities around the world
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ovo predstavim u raznim svetskim gradovima
08:06
where they're most needed.
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gde su najviše potrebne.
08:09
Fourteen years ago,
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Pre 14 godina,
08:12
I searched for beauty
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tražila sam lepotu
08:15
in the traditional things,
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u vrlo tradicionalnim stvarima,
08:17
in craft forms.
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u zanatskim objektima.
08:22
Now I combine them with hi-tech materials and engineering
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Sada ih spajam sa modernim materijalima i inženjeringom
08:26
to create voluptuous, billowing forms
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da bih stvorila ogromne, vetrovite forme
08:29
the scale of buildings.
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veličine celih zgrada.
08:32
My artistic horizons continue to grow.
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Moji umetnički horizonti se i dalje proširuju.
08:35
I'll leave you with this story.
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Završiću uz jednu anegdotu.
08:38
I got a call from a friend in Phoenix.
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Primila sam poziv od prijatelja iz Feniksa.
08:41
An attorney in the office
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Ona je advokat u kancelariji,
08:43
who'd never been interested in art,
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nikada ranije nije bila zainteresovana za umetnost,
08:45
never visited the local art museum,
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nije nikad išla u lokalni muzej,
08:48
dragged everyone she could from the building
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ali je sada izvukla sve koje je mogla iz zgrade
08:51
and got them outside to lie down underneath the sculpture.
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da odu napolje i da legnu ispod skulpture.
08:54
There they were in their business suits,
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Bili su tu u poslovnim odelima,
08:56
laying in the grass,
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ležali su na travi,
08:58
noticing the changing patterns of wind
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gledali kako se kretao i pomerao vetar
09:00
beside people they didn't know,
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pored nepoznatih lica,
09:02
sharing the rediscovery of wonder.
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i zajedno su ponovo otkrivali čudo.
09:06
Thank you.
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Hvala.
09:08
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09:11
Thank you. Thank you.
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Hvala. Hvala.
09:13
Thank you.
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Hvala.
09:15
Thank you. Thank you.
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Hvala. Hvala.
09:18
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Janet Echelman - ArtistAmerican artist Janet Echelman reshapes urban airspace with monumental, fluidly moving sculpture that responds to environmental forces including wind, water, and sunlight.
Why you should listen
Janet Echelman builds living, breathing sculpture environments that respond to the forces of nature — wind, water and light— and become inviting focal points for civic life.
Exploring the potential of unlikely materials, from fishing net to atomized water particles, Echelman combines ancient craft with cutting-edge technology to create her permanent sculpture at the scale of buildings. Experiential in nature, the result is sculpture that shifts from being an object you look at, to something you can get lost in.
Recent prominent works include “Her Secret is Patience”, which spans two city blocks in downtown Phoenix, “Water Sky Garden”, which premiered for the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, and “She Changes”, which transformed a waterfront plaza in Porto, Portugal. Her newest commission creates a “Zone of Recomposure” in the new Terminal 2 at San Francisco International Airport. Upcoming projects include the remaking of Dilworth Plaza in front of Philadelphia City Hall -- turning it into a garden of dry-mist.
Janet Echelman | Speaker | TED.com