TEDWomen 2018
Lucy Cooke: Sloths! The strange life of the world's slowest mammal
Lusi Kuk (Lucy Cooke): Lenjivci! Čudesni život najsporijeg sisara na svetu
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Lenjivci postoje na našoj planeti više od 40 miliona godina. U čemu je tajna njihovog uspeha? U urnebesnom govoru, zoološkinja Lusi Kuk nas vodi unutar čudesnog života najsporijeg sisara na svetu i pokazuje nam da možemo da učimo iz njihovih ingenioznih adaptacija.
Lucy Cooke - Zoologist, author, explorer
In books, TV shows and even an annual sloth calendar, Lucy Cooke shares unexpected truths about animals. Full bio
In books, TV shows and even an annual sloth calendar, Lucy Cooke shares unexpected truths about animals. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Hello.
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Zdravo.
00:14
Well, I'm here to talk to you
about my animal muse:
about my animal muse:
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Ovde sam da bih vam govorila
o mojoj životinjskoj muzi:
o mojoj životinjskoj muzi:
00:19
the sloth.
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lenjivcu.
00:20
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:23
I've been documenting the strange lives
of the world's slowest mammal
of the world's slowest mammal
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Beležim čudesne živote
najsporijeg sisara na svetu
najsporijeg sisara na svetu
00:27
for the last 10 years.
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poslednjih 10 godina.
00:29
I still remember the first time I saw one.
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Još uvek se sećam
kad sam ga prvi put ugledala.
kad sam ga prvi put ugledala.
00:31
I was fascinated by their freaky biology.
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Bila sam fascinirana
njihovom uvrnutom biologijom.
njihovom uvrnutom biologijom.
00:36
I mean, what's not to love
about an animal that's born
about an animal that's born
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Mislim, kako da ne volite
životinju koja je rođena
životinju koja je rođena
00:39
with a fixed grin on its face?
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sa osmehom na licu?
00:41
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:43
And the need to hug.
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I potrebom da grli.
00:45
Audience: Awww.
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Publika: Aaaa.
00:47
But sloths are massively misunderstood.
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Međutim, lenjivci su krajnje neshvaćeni.
00:52
They've been saddled with a name
that speaks of sin
that speaks of sin
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Opterećeni su imenom koje govori o grehu
00:55
and damned for their languorous lifestyle,
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i proklinjani zbog njihovog
tromog stila života,
tromog stila života,
00:58
which people seem to think
has no place amongst the fittest
has no place amongst the fittest
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za koji, kako se čini, ljudi smatraju
da nema mesta među najpodobnijim
da nema mesta među najpodobnijim
01:02
in the fast-paced race for survival.
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u žustroj trci za opstanak.
01:05
Well, I'm here to tell you
that we've got this animal all wrong --
that we've got this animal all wrong --
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Pa, ovde sam da vam kažem da smo
skroz pogrešno shvatili ovu životinju -
skroz pogrešno shvatili ovu životinju -
01:10
and how understanding
the truth about the sloth
the truth about the sloth
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i da nam razumevanje istine o lenjivcu
01:13
may help save us and this planet
we both call home.
we both call home.
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može da pomogne da spasimo sebe
i ovu planetu koju nazivamo domom.
i ovu planetu koju nazivamo domom.
01:19
I traced sloth-based slander
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Pratila sam klevetanje lenjivaca
01:22
back to a Spanish
conquistador called Valdés,
conquistador called Valdés,
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skroz do španskog osvajača
po imenu Valdes,
po imenu Valdes,
01:26
who gave the first description of a sloth
in his encyclopedia of the New World.
in his encyclopedia of the New World.
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koji je prvi dao opis lenjivca
u svojoj enciklopediji o Novom svetu.
u svojoj enciklopediji o Novom svetu.
01:31
He said the sloth was
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Rekao je da je lenjivac
01:33
"the stupidest animal
that can be found in the world ...
that can be found in the world ...
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„najgluplja životinja
koja postoji na svetu...
koja postoji na svetu...
01:36
I have never seen such an ugly animal
or one that is more useless."
or one that is more useless."
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Nikad nisam video životinju
koja je toliko ružna i beskorisna.”
koja je toliko ružna i beskorisna.”
01:42
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:43
Tell us what you really think, Valdés.
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Samo bez ustručavanja, Valdes.
01:45
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:47
I'd like to have a word
about Valdés's drawing skills.
about Valdés's drawing skills.
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Želela bih da porazgovaram
o Valdesovom umeću crtanja.
o Valdesovom umeću crtanja.
01:51
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:53
I mean, what is that?
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Mislim, šta je to?
01:56
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:58
I've never seen an illustration
of a sloth that's more useless.
of a sloth that's more useless.
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Nikad nisam videla
beskorisniju ilustraciju lenjivca.
beskorisniju ilustraciju lenjivca.
02:01
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
Ali mislim, s pozitivne strane,
02:02
But I mean, on the plus side,
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02:04
he has given the sloth
a remarkably humanlike face,
a remarkably humanlike face,
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podario je lenjivcu
iznenađujuće ljudsko lice,
iznenađujuće ljudsko lice,
a lenjivci zaista imaju
iznenađujuće ljudsko lice.
iznenađujuće ljudsko lice.
02:06
and sloths do have remarkably
humanlike faces.
humanlike faces.
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02:10
This sloth I photographed in Costa Rica,
I think looks a lot like Ringo Starr.
I think looks a lot like Ringo Starr.
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Ovaj lenjivac koga sam fotografisala
u Kostariki mislim da liči na Ringa Stara.
u Kostariki mislim da liči na Ringa Stara.
02:16
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:17
But then, sloths do bear an uncanny
resemblance to the The Beatles.
resemblance to the The Beatles.
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Ali opet, lenjivci imaju
neobičnu sličnost s Bitlsima.
neobičnu sličnost s Bitlsima.
02:22
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:26
Particularly pleased
with Paul, actually, on there.
with Paul, actually, on there.
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Naročito sam, pak, zadovoljna
Polom tamo gore.
Polom tamo gore.
02:30
But like The Beatles,
sloths are also extremely successful.
sloths are also extremely successful.
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Međutim, poput Bitlsa,
i lenjivci su izuzetno uspešni.
i lenjivci su izuzetno uspešni.
02:36
They come from an ancient line of mammals,
and there were once dozens of species
and there were once dozens of species
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Potiču iz drevne loze sisara
i nekada ih je bilo na desetine vrsta,
i nekada ih je bilo na desetine vrsta,
02:40
including the giant ground sloth,
which was the size of a small elephant
which was the size of a small elephant
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uključujući džinovskog zemaljskog lenjivca
veličine omanjeg slona,
veličine omanjeg slona,
02:44
and one of the only animals big enough
to eat avocado pits whole
to eat avocado pits whole
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jedne od retkih životinja
dovoljno velikih da pojedu koštice avokada
dovoljno velikih da pojedu koštice avokada
02:48
and disperse them.
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i da ih rasprše.
02:51
So ...
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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Dakle...
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
02:53
Some of you have worked it out already.
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Neki od vas su već ukapirali.
02:55
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:56
That means that without sloths,
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Znači da bez lenjivaca
02:58
there might be no avocado on toast today,
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danas ne biste imali avokado na tostu,
03:01
leaving hipsters everywhere
totally bereft at breakfast.
totally bereft at breakfast.
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ostavljajući hipstere svuda
skroz ucveljene za vreme doručka.
skroz ucveljene za vreme doručka.
03:05
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:07
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
03:13
Today, there are six surviving species,
and they fall into two groups.
and they fall into two groups.
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Danas imamo šest preživelih vrsta
i one su razvrstane u dve grupe.
i one su razvrstane u dve grupe.
03:17
You've got your Bradypus
three-toed sloths,
three-toed sloths,
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Imate bradipus lenjivce sa tri prsta,
03:19
they're the ones with the Beatles haircuts
and the Mona Lisa smiles.
and the Mona Lisa smiles.
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to su oni sa frizurama kao Bitlsi
i osmesima Mona Lize.
i osmesima Mona Lize.
03:24
Then, there are the two-toed sloths.
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Potom imamo lenjivce sa dva prsta.
03:27
They look a little bit more like a cross
between a Wookiee and a pig.
between a Wookiee and a pig.
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Oni više liče na mešanca Vukija i svinje.
03:31
They live in the jungles
of Central and South America,
of Central and South America,
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Žive u džunglama Centralne i Južne Amerike
03:34
and they're extremely prolific.
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i izuzetno su brojni.
03:36
There was a survey
that was done in the 1970s
that was done in the 1970s
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Tokom 1970-ih je urađeno ispitivanje
03:39
in a Panamanian tropical forest
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u kišnoj šumi Paname
03:41
that found that sloths were the most
numerically abundant large animal.
numerically abundant large animal.
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koje je otkrilo da su lenjivci
najbrojnija velika životinja.
najbrojnija velika životinja.
03:46
They took up one quarter
of the mammalian biomass.
of the mammalian biomass.
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Zauzimali su četvrtinu biomase sisara.
03:50
Now, that's an awful lot of sloths
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Sad, to je užasno mnogo lenjivaca
03:53
and suggests they're doing
something very right indeed.
something very right indeed.
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i to nam nagoveštava da lenjivci
uistinu rade nešto ispravno.
uistinu rade nešto ispravno.
03:58
So what if, rather than deriding
the sloth for being different,
the sloth for being different,
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Dakle, šta ako bismo,
umesto što im se rugamo jer su različiti,
umesto što im se rugamo jer su različiti,
04:05
we tried to learn from it instead?
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pokušali da učimo od njih?
04:09
We humans are obsessed with speed.
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Mi ljudi smo opsednuti brzinom.
04:13
Busyness is a badge of honor,
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Zauzetost je orden časti,
04:15
and convenience trumps quality
in our quest for quick.
in our quest for quick.
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a pogodnost pobeđuje kvalitet
u našem pohodu na hitrost.
u našem pohodu na hitrost.
04:20
Our addiction to the express life
is choking us and the planet.
is choking us and the planet.
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Naša zavisnost od instant života
guši i nas i planetu.
guši i nas i planetu.
04:26
We idolize animals like the cheetah,
the "Ferrari of the animal kingdom,"
the "Ferrari of the animal kingdom,"
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Idealizujemo životinje poput geparda,
„ferarija u životinjskom carstvu”,
„ferarija u životinjskom carstvu”,
04:32
capable of doing naught to 60
in three seconds flat.
in three seconds flat.
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koji je u stanju da dosegne 96 km/h
za ravno tri sekunde.
za ravno tri sekunde.
04:36
Well, so what?
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Pa šta s tim?
04:38
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:42
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
04:46
So what?
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Pa šta?
04:47
The sloth, on the other hand,
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Lenjivac, s druge strane,
04:48
can reach a leisurely 17 feet a minute
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može nonšalantno
da pređe 5 metara za minut
da pređe 5 metara za minut
04:52
with the wind behind it.
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s vetrom u leđa.
04:54
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:57
But being fast is costly.
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Međutim, brzina je skupa.
04:59
The cheetah is speedy,
but at the expense of strength.
but at the expense of strength.
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Gepard je brz, ali na račun snage.
05:03
They can't risk getting in a fight,
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Ne mogu da rizikuju sukobljavanje,
05:05
so they lose one in nine kills
to tougher predators like hyenas.
to tougher predators like hyenas.
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te izgube jedan plen od devet
od jačih grabljivica poput hijena.
od jačih grabljivica poput hijena.
05:09
No wonder they're laughing.
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Nije ni čudo što se smeju.
05:11
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:12
The sloth, on the other hand,
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Lenjivac, s druge strane,
05:13
has taken a more stealthy
approach to dinner.
approach to dinner.
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ima diskretniji pristup večeri.
05:16
They survive by capturing and consuming
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Preživljavaju loveći i konzumirajući
05:20
static leaves.
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statično lišće.
05:22
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:24
But you see, leaves don't want
to be eaten any more than antelope do,
to be eaten any more than antelope do,
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Međutim, vidite, lišće ne želi da ga jedu
ništa više od antilope,
ništa više od antilope,
05:27
so they're loaded full of toxins
and very hard to digest.
and very hard to digest.
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te je ispunjeno otrovima
i veoma ga je teško svariti.
i veoma ga je teško svariti.
05:31
So in order to consume them,
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Pa, kako bi ga konzumirali,
05:32
the sloth has also
had to become an athlete --
had to become an athlete --
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lenjivci takođe moraju da postanu atlete -
05:36
a digesting athlete.
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atlete u varenju hrane.
05:38
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:39
The sloth's secret weapon
is a four-chambered stomach
is a four-chambered stomach
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Tajno oružje lenjivca
je želudac sa četiri komore
je želudac sa četiri komore
05:42
and plenty of time.
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i obilje vremena.
05:44
They have the slowest
digestion rate of any mammal.
digestion rate of any mammal.
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Imaju najsporiju stopu
varenja hrane od svih sisara.
varenja hrane od svih sisara.
05:47
And it can take up to a month
to process a single leaf,
to process a single leaf,
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A može da potraje i čitav mesec
dok svare jedan jedini list,
dok svare jedan jedini list,
05:51
which gives their liver plenty of time
to process those toxins.
to process those toxins.
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što obezbeđuje njihovoj jetri
obilje vremena da preradi otrove.
obilje vremena da preradi otrove.
05:55
So, sloths aren't lazy.
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Dakle, lenjivci nisu lenji.
06:00
No, they're busy.
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Ne, oni su zauzeti.
06:02
Digesting.
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Varenjem hrane.
06:04
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:05
Yeah, really busy.
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Da, istinski zauzeti.
06:07
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:09
Hard at work, that sloth,
very hard at work.
very hard at work.
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Taj lenjivac vredno radi,
veoma vredno radi.
veoma vredno radi.
06:12
And of course, leaves
have little calorific value,
have little calorific value,
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I naravno, lišće ima
nisku kalorijsku vrednost,
nisku kalorijsku vrednost,
06:15
so sloths have evolved to spend
as little energy as possible.
as little energy as possible.
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pa su lenjivci evoluirali
da troše što je moguće manje energije.
da troše što je moguće manje energije.
06:19
They do about 10 percent of the work
of a similar-sized mammal
of a similar-sized mammal
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Obavljaju oko 10 procenata posla
sisara slične veličine
sisara slične veličine
06:23
and survive on as little
as 100 calories a day,
as 100 calories a day,
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i preživljavaju na svega
sto kalorija dnevno,
sto kalorija dnevno,
06:27
thanks to some ingenious adaptations.
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zahvaljujući nekim
ingenioznim adaptacijama.
ingenioznim adaptacijama.
06:31
The Bradypus, three-toed sloths,
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Bradipus, lenjivci s tri prsta,
imaju više vratnih kostiju
od bilo kog drugog sisara,
od bilo kog drugog sisara,
06:32
they've got more neck bones
than any other mammal,
than any other mammal,
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06:35
even a giraffe.
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čak i žirafe.
06:36
Which means they can turn their head
through 270 degrees
through 270 degrees
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Što znači da mogu
da okrenu glavu za 270 stepeni
da okrenu glavu za 270 stepeni
06:41
and graze all around them,
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i da brste svuda oko sebe,
06:43
without having to actually bother
with the effort of moving their body.
with the effort of moving their body.
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a da zapravo ne moraju da se muče
i pokreću svoje telo.
i pokreću svoje telo.
06:47
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:50
It also means that they are
surprisingly good swimmers.
surprisingly good swimmers.
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To takođe znači i da su
iznenađujuće dobri plivači.
iznenađujuće dobri plivači.
06:53
Sloths can bob along in water
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Lenjivci mogu da plove vodom
06:56
three times faster
than they can move on land,
than they can move on land,
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tri puta brže nego što mogu
da se kreću na kopnu,
da se kreću na kopnu,
06:59
kept afloat by ...
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a plutaju zahvaljujući...
07:01
trapped wind.
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zarobljenim gasovima.
07:03
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:05
So --
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Dakle -
07:06
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:07
sloths are the only mammal that we know of
that don't do flatulence.
that don't do flatulence.
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lenjivci su jedini poznati sisar
koji se ne nadima.
koji se ne nadima.
07:11
When they need to expel gas,
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Kada moraju da izbace gas,
07:13
it's actually reabsorbed
into their bloodstream
into their bloodstream
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njega zapravo apsorbuje njihov krvotok
07:16
and expelled orally
as a sort of mouth fart.
as a sort of mouth fart.
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i izbacuje se na usta
poput nekakvog usnog prdeža.
poput nekakvog usnog prdeža.
07:19
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:23
Turning their lives upside down
saves further energy.
saves further energy.
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Izokretanje života naglavačke
takođe štedi dodatnu energiju.
takođe štedi dodatnu energiju.
07:27
They have about half the skeletal muscle
of a terrestrial mammal.
of a terrestrial mammal.
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Imaju otprilike polovinu
skeletne muskulature suvozemnog sisara.
skeletne muskulature suvozemnog sisara.
07:31
They don't really have so many
of the extensor muscles
of the extensor muscles
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Nemaju zaista mnogo ekstenzornih mišića,
07:35
that are the weight-bearing muscles;
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a to su mišići za nošenje tereta;
07:37
instead, they rely on retractor muscles
to pull themselves along.
to pull themselves along.
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umesto toga, oslanjaju se
na retraktorne mišiće kojima se penju.
na retraktorne mišiće kojima se penju.
07:41
They have long, hooked claws
and a high fatigue resistance,
and a high fatigue resistance,
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Imaju duge, zakrivljene kandže
i visoku otpornost na oštećenja,
i visoku otpornost na oštećenja,
07:45
so they can literally hook on and hang
like a happy, hairy hammock
like a happy, hairy hammock
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pa mogu da se bukvalno zakače i vise,
poput srećnih, dlakavih ljuljaški
poput srećnih, dlakavih ljuljaški
07:50
for hours on end.
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satima bez prekida.
07:52
And sloths can do almost anything
in this inverted position.
in this inverted position.
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A lenjivci mogu da rade skoro sve
u tom izvrnutom položaju.
u tom izvrnutom položaju.
07:56
They sleep, eat and even give birth.
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Spavaju, jedu, pa čak mogu
tako i da se porode.
tako i da se porode.
07:59
Their throat and blood vessels
are uniquely adapted
are uniquely adapted
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Njihova grla i krvni sudovi
su se naročito adaptirali
su se naročito adaptirali
08:02
to pump blood and to swallow food
against the force of gravity.
against the force of gravity.
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da pumpaju krv i gutaju hranu
nasuprot sili gravitacije.
nasuprot sili gravitacije.
08:06
They have sticky bits on their ribs
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Imaju lepljive delove na rebrima
08:09
that prevent their enormous stomach
from crushing their lungs.
from crushing their lungs.
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koji sprečavaju njihove ogromne želuce
da im smrskaju pluća.
da im smrskaju pluća.
08:13
And their fur grows
the opposite direction,
the opposite direction,
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A njihovo krzno raste u suprotnom smeru,
08:16
so they can drip dry
after a tropical drenching.
after a tropical drenching.
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pa mogu da se ocede
nakon tropskog kvašenja.
nakon tropskog kvašenja.
08:20
The only problem is,
if you turn a sloth the other way up,
if you turn a sloth the other way up,
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Jedini problem je što,
ako izvrnete lenjivca,
ako izvrnete lenjivca,
08:25
gravity removes its dignity.
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gravitacija mu oduzme dostojanstvo.
08:28
Audience: Awww.
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Publika: Aaaa.
08:30
They can't hold themselves upright.
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Ne mogu da se drže uspravno.
08:32
And so they drag their bodies along
as if mountaineering on a flat surface.
as if mountaineering on a flat surface.
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Pa vuku svoja tela kao da planinare
po ravnoj površini.
po ravnoj površini.
Mislim da je to razlog
zašto su rani istraživači poput Valdesa
zašto su rani istraživači poput Valdesa
08:37
And I think this is why
the early explorers like Valdés
the early explorers like Valdés
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imali loše mišljenje o njima,
08:40
thought so poorly of them,
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08:42
because they were observing sloths
the wrong way up and out of context.
the wrong way up and out of context.
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jer su posmatrali lenjivce
u pogrešnom položaju i van konteksta.
u pogrešnom položaju i van konteksta.
08:48
I've spent many happy hours
mesmerized by moving sloths.
mesmerized by moving sloths.
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Provela sam mnoge bezbrižne sate
opčinjena lenjivcima u pokretu.
opčinjena lenjivcima u pokretu.
08:53
Their lack of muscle hasn't impeded
their strength or agility.
their strength or agility.
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Nedostatak mišića nije smetnja
njihovoj snazi niti okretnosti.
njihovoj snazi niti okretnosti.
08:57
Nature's zen masters of mellow
move like "Swan Lake" in slow mo --
move like "Swan Lake" in slow mo --
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Prirodni zen majstori ležernosti se kreću
poput usporenog „Labudovog jezera” -
poput usporenog „Labudovog jezera” -
09:03
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:04
with the core control of a tai chi master.
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sa kontrolom težišta
dostojnom majstora taj čia.
dostojnom majstora taj čia.
09:08
This one has fallen asleep mid-move,
which is not uncommon.
which is not uncommon.
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Ovaj je zaspao usred pokreta,
što nije retkost.
što nije retkost.
09:13
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:17
But you're probably wondering:
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Međutim, verovatno se pitate:
kako viseća vreća koja vari lišće
izbegava da je pojedu?
izbegava da je pojedu?
09:19
How does a dangling bag
of digesting leaves avoid being eaten?
of digesting leaves avoid being eaten?
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09:23
Good question.
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Dobro pitanje.
Ovo je jedna od glavnih
lenjivčevih grabljivica.
lenjivčevih grabljivica.
09:24
Well, this is one
of the sloth's main predators.
of the sloth's main predators.
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Radi se o orlu harpiji.
09:26
It's the harpy eagle.
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09:28
It can fly at speeds
of up to 50 miles per hour,
of up to 50 miles per hour,
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Može da leti brzinom od 80 km/h,
09:31
has talons the size of a grizzly bear's,
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ima kandže veličine
onih kod medveda grizli,
onih kod medveda grizli,
09:34
razor-sharp eyesight,
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oštar vid,
09:35
and that ring of feathers focuses sound
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a taj prsten perja usmerava zvuk
09:38
so that it can hear
the slightest leaf rustle.
the slightest leaf rustle.
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kako bi mogao da čuje
i najmanje šuškanje lišća.
i najmanje šuškanje lišća.
09:41
The sloth, on the other hand,
has poor hearing, bad eyesight,
has poor hearing, bad eyesight,
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Lenjivac, s druge strane,
ima slab sluh, loš vid,
ima slab sluh, loš vid,
09:46
and running from danger
is clearly not an option.
is clearly not an option.
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a bežanje od opasnosti
očito nije mogućnost.
očito nije mogućnost.
09:50
No, they survive by wearing
an invisibility cloak
an invisibility cloak
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Ne, oni preživljavaju
tako što nose plašt nevidljivosti
tako što nose plašt nevidljivosti
09:54
worthy of Harry Potter.
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dostojan Harija Potera.
09:56
Their fur has grooves
that attract moisture
that attract moisture
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Njihovo krzno ima žlebove
koji privlače vlagu
koji privlače vlagu
10:00
and act as tiny hydroponic
gardens for algae,
gardens for algae,
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i deluju poput sićušnih
hidroponskih bašti za alge,
hidroponskih bašti za alge,
10:03
and they also attract
a host of invertebrates.
a host of invertebrates.
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a one takođe privlače jata beskičmenjaka.
10:06
So they are their own slow-moving,
miniature ecosystem.
miniature ecosystem.
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Dakle, oni su sopstveni sporopokretni
minijaturni ekosistemi.
minijaturni ekosistemi.
10:10
They become one with the trees.
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Postaju jedno s drvećem.
10:13
And we think that
their movements are so slow,
their movements are so slow,
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I smatramo da su im poketi toliko spori
10:16
they slip under the radar
of the monstrous harpy
of the monstrous harpy
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da izmiču pažnji monstruozne harpije
10:18
as it's flying about the canopy,
scanning for action.
scanning for action.
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dok preleće kupolama od drveća,
skenirajući kretanje.
skenirajući kretanje.
10:23
Sloths are stealth ninjas,
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Lenjivci su tihe nindže
10:25
and they rarely leave
the safety of the canopy --
the safety of the canopy --
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i retko napuštaju bezbednost krošnji -
10:28
except to defecate,
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osim kad se prazne,
10:30
which they do about once a week
at the base of a tree.
at the base of a tree.
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a to rade jednom nedeljno pri dnu drveta.
10:34
Now, this risky and energetic behavior
has long been a mystery,
has long been a mystery,
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Sad, ovo riskantno i energično ponašanje
je dugo bilo misterija
je dugo bilo misterija
10:38
and there are lots of theories
as to why they do it.
as to why they do it.
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i postoji mnogo teorija
o tome zašto to rade.
o tome zašto to rade.
10:41
But I think they're leaving surreptitious
scented messages for potential mates.
scented messages for potential mates.
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Međutim, smatram da ostavljaju tajne
mirišljave poruke potencijalim partnerima.
mirišljave poruke potencijalim partnerima.
10:48
Because, you see, sloths are generally
silent, solitary creatures,
silent, solitary creatures,
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Jer, vidite, lenjivci su uopšteno
tiha, usamljena bića,
tiha, usamljena bića,
10:53
except for when the female is in heat.
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osim kada je ženka u teranju.
10:56
She will climb to the top of a tree
and scream for sex.
and scream for sex.
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Ona se penje na vrh drveta
i vrišti da želi seks.
i vrišti da želi seks.
11:01
In D-sharp.
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U De-duru.
11:02
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
11:04
Don't believe me?
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Ne verujete mi?
11:07
(Sound of sloth scream)
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(Zvuk vriska lenjivca)
11:09
D-sharp.
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De-dur.
11:11
This and only this note
will get the male's attention.
will get the male's attention.
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Ova i samo ova nota
privlači pažnju mužjaka.
privlači pažnju mužjaka.
11:14
It mimics the sound
of the kiskadee flycatcher.
of the kiskadee flycatcher.
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Ženka oponaša zvuk ptice velike muholovke.
11:16
So the female remains covert,
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Te tako ostaje prikrivena,
11:18
even when yodeling for sex
at the top of her lungs.
at the top of her lungs.
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čak i kada iz sve snage vrišti za seksom.
11:22
Her clandestine booty calls
will carry for miles across the canopy,
will carry for miles across the canopy,
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Njeni tajni pozivi na randevu
se prenose kilometrima kroz krošnje,
se prenose kilometrima kroz krošnje,
11:27
and males will beat
a slow path towards her.
a slow path towards her.
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a mužjaci će sporim tempom ići ka njoj.
11:30
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
11:35
I think scented messages in her dung
will help send Romeo up the right tree
will help send Romeo up the right tree
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Mislim da mirišljava poruka u izmetu ženke
pomaže Romeu da se popenje na pravo drvo,
pomaže Romeu da se popenje na pravo drvo,
11:40
so that he doesn't waste precious energy
scaling the wrong one.
scaling the wrong one.
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kako ne bi trošio dragocenu energiju
penjući se na pogrešno.
penjući se na pogrešno.
11:44
Sex, by the way, is the only thing
that sloths do swiftly.
that sloths do swiftly.
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Seks je, usput, jedina stvar
koju lenjivci obavljaju na brzaka.
koju lenjivci obavljaju na brzaka.
11:48
I've seen them do it in the wild,
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Videla sam kako to rade u divljini
11:49
and it's over and done
with in a matter of seconds.
with in a matter of seconds.
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i sve se okonča
u roku od nekoliko sekundi.
u roku od nekoliko sekundi.
11:53
But then, why waste precious energy on it,
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Međutim, opet, zašto traćiti
dragocenu energiju na to,
dragocenu energiju na to,
11:56
particularly after that journey?
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2008
naročito nakon tolikog putovanja?
11:58
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
11:59
Unlike other mammals,
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Nasuprot drugim sisarima,
12:01
sloths don't also waste time maintaining
a constant warm body temperature.
a constant warm body temperature.
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lenjivci ne traće vreme održavajući
stalno toplu telesnu temperaturu.
stalno toplu telesnu temperaturu.
12:06
Energy from the sun is free,
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Sunčeva energija je besplatna,
12:08
so they bask in the sun like lizards
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pa leškare na suncu poput guštera
12:10
and wear an unusually thick coat
for the tropics to keep that heat in.
for the tropics to keep that heat in.
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i nose neobično gusto krzno za tropske
predele kako bi zadržavali toplotu.
predele kako bi zadržavali toplotu.
12:15
Sloths have a freakishly low metabolism.
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Lenjivci imaju čudnovato spor metabolizam.
12:19
And we think that this might be
one of the reasons
one of the reasons
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I smatramo da bi to mogao
da bude jedan od razloga
da bude jedan od razloga
12:22
that they can sometimes
recover from injuries
recover from injuries
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zašto se ponekad oporavljaju od povreda
12:24
that would kill most animals.
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koje bi ubile mnoge životinje.
12:27
This sloth recovered
from a double amputation,
from a double amputation,
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Ovaj lenjivac se oporavio
od dvostruke amputacije,
od dvostruke amputacije,
12:30
and I've known sloths
that have managed to survive
that have managed to survive
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a znam lenjivce
koji su uspevali da prežive
koji su uspevali da prežive
12:34
even power line electrocutions.
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čak i udare struje sa dalekovoda.
12:36
And we now think that a low metabolism
may well be key to surviving extinction.
may well be key to surviving extinction.
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I trenutno smatramo da bi spor metabolizam
mogao da bude ključ za opstanak.
mogao da bude ključ za opstanak.
12:42
Researchers at Kansas University
who were studying mollusks
who were studying mollusks
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Istraživači sa Univerziteta Kanzas
koji su izučavali mekušce
koji su izučavali mekušce
12:46
found that a high metabolism
predicted which species of mollusk
predicted which species of mollusk
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otkrili su da je brz metabolizam
pokazatelj koja će vrsta mekušca
pokazatelj koja će vrsta mekušca
12:50
had gone extinct.
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izumreti.
12:53
Sloths have been around on this planet
in one shape or another
in one shape or another
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Lenjivci postoje na planeti
u ovom ili onom obliku
u ovom ili onom obliku
12:56
for over 40 million years.
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preko 40 miliona godina.
12:59
The secret to their success
is their slothful nature.
is their slothful nature.
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Tajna njihovog uspeha
je njihova lenja priroda.
je njihova lenja priroda.
13:04
They are energy-saving icons.
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Oni su ikone energetske uštede.
13:09
And I founded the Sloth
Appreciation Society
Appreciation Society
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A ja sam osnovala
Društvo poštovalaca lenjivaca
Društvo poštovalaca lenjivaca
13:11
to both promote and protect
their slow, steady, sustainable lives.
their slow, steady, sustainable lives.
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kako bih promovisala i zaštitila
njihove spore, odmerene, održive živote.
njihove spore, odmerene, održive živote.
13:18
I'm a pretty speedy character.
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Ja sam žustra osoba.
Verovatno ste to pretpostavili.
13:21
I'm sure you've guessed.
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13:22
And the sloths have taught me
a lot about slowing down.
a lot about slowing down.
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A lenjivci su me poprilično
podučili usporavanju.
podučili usporavanju.
13:26
And I think that the planet would benefit
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I smatram da bi planeta imala koristi
13:29
if we all took a slowly digested
leaf out of their book.
leaf out of their book.
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kada bismo istrgli
sporo svarljiv list iz njihove knjige.
sporo svarljiv list iz njihove knjige.
13:34
How about we all embrace our inner sloth
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Zašto ne bismo svi
prigrlili lenjivca u sebi
prigrlili lenjivca u sebi
13:38
by slowing down,
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usporavajući,
13:40
being more mindful,
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postajući obazriviji,
13:41
reducing wasteful convenience,
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umanjujući traćenje radi ugodnosti,
13:44
being economical with our energy,
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postupajući ekonomičnije
s našom energijom,
s našom energijom,
13:47
recycling creatively
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2019
kreativno reciklirajući
13:49
and reconnecting with nature.
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i povezujući se sa prirodom.
13:52
Otherwise, I fear,
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U suprotnom se plašim
13:55
it will be us humans that turn out to be
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da će se ispostaviti da smo mi ljudi
13:58
"the stupidest animals
that can be found in the world."
that can be found in the world."
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„najgluplja životinja
koja postoji na svetu.”
koja postoji na svetu.”
14:03
Thank you very much.
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Mnogo vam hvala.
14:05
May the sloth be with you!
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Neka lenjivac bude s vama!
14:06
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lucy Cooke - Zoologist, author, explorerIn books, TV shows and even an annual sloth calendar, Lucy Cooke shares unexpected truths about animals.
Why you should listen
Lucy Cooke is a New York Times best-selling author, award-winning documentary producer, presenter and National Geographic explorer with a master's in zoology from Oxford University. She is a passionate conservationist and champion of animal species that are often misunderstood. Her style is immersive, journalistic and unashamedly populist, mixing expert storytelling with a dash of humor to reach the widest possible audience. She began her presenting career hosting Freaks and Creeps for National Geographic, a show about strange species that get overlooked in favor of charismatic megafauna, and has hosted numerous shows for the BBC.
Cooke has a particular soft spot for sloths and founded the Sloth Appreciation Society to promote a greater understanding of their lazy lifestyle. She has produced a number of iconic viral sloth videos, Meet the Sloths, an award-winning international series for Animal Planet, two best-selling books -- A Little Book of Sloth and Life in the Sloth Lane -- and an annual calendar featuring her sloth photographs.
Cooke's latest book, The Truth About Animals, was shortlisted for the prestigious Royal Society prize and the AAAS young adult science prize. Nature calls it a "deeply researched, sassily written history of the biggest misconceptions, mistakes and myths we've concocted about the animal kingdom, spread by figures from Aristotle to Walt Disney."
Lucy Cooke | Speaker | TED.com