INK Conference
Simon Lewis: Don't take consciousness for granted
西蒙･路易斯：意识不是理所当然的
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在一场严重车祸后西蒙･路易斯陷入昏迷，出乎所有人意料，他摸索出身体和精神上的康复方法。在INK会议上他讲述了是如何思索和克服所有对意识的威胁的故事。
Simon Lewis - Author, producer
Simon Lewis is the author of "Rise and Shine," a memoir about his remarkable recovery from a car accident and coma, and his new approach to our own consciousness. Full bio
Simon Lewis is the author of "Rise and Shine," a memoir about his remarkable recovery from a car accident and coma, and his new approach to our own consciousness. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
There was a time in my life
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我的生命里曾有段日子
00:18
when everything seemed perfect.
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一切似乎都很完美
00:21
Everywhere I went, I felt at home.
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所到之处都如家一般温馨
00:23
Everyone I met,
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所遇之人
00:25
I felt I knew them for as long as I could remember.
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都如故人一般熟悉
00:28
And I want to share with you how I came to that place
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我想跟大家分享我是如何去到那里
00:31
and what I've learned since I left it.
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以及从离开那儿起我学到的东西
00:33
This is where it began.
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开头是这样
00:36
And it raises an existential question,
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这引出一个存在性问题
00:38
which is, if I'm having this experience of complete connection and full consciousness,
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那就是，如果我亲身经历并对此有完整的意识的话
00:41
why am I not visible in the photograph,
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为什么我不在照片上
00:44
and where is this time and place?
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以及这是何时何地？
00:47
This is Los Angeles, California, where I live.
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这是加利福尼亚的洛杉矶，我所住的地方
00:50
This is a police photo. That's actually my car.
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这是张警方的照片，那是我的车
00:53
We're less than a mile from one of the largest hospitals in Los Angeles,
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我们离洛杉矶最大的一家医院不到一里路
00:56
called Cedars-Sinai.
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那家医院是西德斯西奈医院
00:58
And the situation is that a car full of paramedics
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那时的情形是一辆满载着
01:00
on their way home from the hospital after work
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从医院下班的医护人员的车
01:03
have run across the wreckage,
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碰上了事故现场
01:05
and they've advised the police
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他们通知警方
01:07
that there were no survivors inside the car,
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车内没有幸存者
01:09
that the driver's dead, that I'm dead.
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司机死了，我也是
01:12
And the police are waiting for the fire department to arrive
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那时警方正在等消防车过来
01:15
to cut apart the vehicle
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切割车身
01:17
to extract the body of the driver.
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好搬出司机的尸体
01:19
And when they do, they find that behind the glass,
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当他们作业时发现了
01:22
they find me.
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玻璃后的我－
01:24
And my skull's crushed and my collar bone is crushed;
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头骨和锁骨都已经撞断
01:26
all but two of my ribs,
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除了两根肋骨
01:28
my pelvis and both arms --
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盆骨和两个胳膊
01:30
they're all crushed, but there is still a pulse.
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我已经粉身碎骨，但仍有脉搏
01:33
And they get me to that nearby hospital,
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他们带我到了附近那家医院
01:35
Cedars-Sinai,
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西德斯西奈医院
01:37
where that night I receive, because of my internal bleeding,
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因为内出血，那晚我输了
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45 units of blood --
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45单位的血液－
01:42
which means full replacements of all the blood in me --
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这意味着得全部换血－
01:44
before they're able to staunch the flow.
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才保证了我有稳定的血液量
01:46
I'm put on full life support,
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我被接上呼吸机
01:48
and I have a massive stroke,
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有严重中风
01:51
and my brain drops into a coma.
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大脑陷入昏迷
01:53
Now comas are measured
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昏迷(程度)按照15到3
01:55
on a scale from 15 down to three.
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来衡量
01:57
Fifteen is a mild coma. Three is the deepest.
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15是轻度昏迷 3是最深度的
02:00
And if you look, you'll see that there's only one way you can score three.
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只有一种方法能得3分
02:03
It's essentially there's no sign of life
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基本就是表面看来
02:05
from outside at all.
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没有任何生命迹象
02:07
I spent more than a month in a Glasgow Coma Scale three,
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我有一个多月处于格拉斯哥三度昏迷中
02:10
and it is inside that deepest level of coma,
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在最深度的昏迷中
02:12
on the rim between my life and my death,
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我在生死间徘徊
02:15
that I'm experiencing the full connection and full consciousness
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我体验到与内心世界的
02:18
of inner space.
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完全联接和全部意识
02:20
From my family looking in from outside,
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我的家人看着我
02:23
what they're trying to figure out
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他们想弄清楚的
02:25
is a different kind of existential question,
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是另一种存在性问题
02:28
which is, how far is it going to be possible to bridge
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就是昏迷状态的精神世界
02:31
from the comatose potential mind that they're looking at
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和真实的精神世界
02:34
to an actual mind,
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有多大差距？
02:36
which I define simply
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我将其定义为
02:38
as the functioning of the brain
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残存在头部的
02:40
that is remaining inside my head.
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大脑功能
02:42
Now to put this into a broader context,
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从更宽泛的角度来说
02:44
I want you to imagine that you are an eternal alien
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你想像自己是个天外来客
02:47
watching the Earth from outer space,
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从外太空俯视地球
02:49
and your favorite show on intergalactic satellite television
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你最喜欢的太空卫星频道
02:52
is the Earth channel,
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是地球频道
02:54
and your favorite show is the Human Show.
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你最喜欢的节目是《人类世界》
02:57
And the reason I think it would be so interesting to you
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我认为你会对此感兴趣的原因
02:59
is because consciousness is so interesting.
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是意识是很有意思的
03:01
It's so unpredictable
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它是如此变幻莫测
03:03
and so fragile.
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又如此脆弱
03:05
And this is how we began.
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这就是我们如何开始的
03:07
We all began in the Awash Valley in Ethiopia.
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从埃塞俄比亚的阿瓦什河谷开始
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The show began with tremendous special effects,
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这个节目有宏大的特效
03:12
because there were catastrophic climate shifts --
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因为有灾难性的气候变化－
03:15
which sort of sounds interesting as a parallel to today.
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和如今对比这听起来有点意思
03:18
Because of the Earth tilting on its axis
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因为地球倾斜的地轴
03:20
and those catastrophic climate shifts,
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和灾难性的气候变化
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we had to figure out how to find better food,
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我们得弄清楚如何找到更好的食物
03:25
and we had to learn -- there's Lucy; that's how we all began --
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我们得学习－这是露西(南方古猿)，我们的起源－
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we had to learn how to crack open animal bones,
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我们得学习如何使用工具来
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use tools to do that, to feed on the marrow,
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砸开动物的骨骼，以食用骨髓
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to grow our brains more.
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来是我们的大脑得到发育
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So we actually grew our consciousness
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所以我们实际是发展出意识
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in response to this global threat.
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以应对这种全球性威胁
03:39
Now you also continue to watch
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接着看
03:41
as consciousness evolved to the point
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意识发展到这个程度
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that here in India, in Madhya Pradesh,
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这是印度的中央邦
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there's one of the two oldest known pieces of rock art found.
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那有最古老的两幅岩画
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It's a cupule that took 40 to 50,000 blows with a stone tool to create,
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这是个用石器击打上四十到五万次制成的吸盘
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and it's the first known expression of art
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而且这是地球上第一个已知的
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on the planet.
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艺术表现
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And the reason it connects us with consciousness today
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而在今天仍然能与我们的意识联接的原因是
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is that all of us still today,
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时至今日
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the very first shape we draw as a child
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儿童期的我们画出的第一个形状
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is a circle.
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是个圆形
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And then the next thing we do is we put a dot in the center of the circle.
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然后我们会在圆心点一个点
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We create an eye --
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创造出一只眼睛－
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and the eye that evolves through all of our history.
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在历史长河中进化出的眼睛
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There's the Egyptian god Horus,
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埃及神贺拉斯
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which symbolizes prosperity, wisdom and health.
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象征着繁荣，智慧和健康
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And that comes down right way to the present
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这体现在
04:22
with the dollar bill in the United States,
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今天的美元大钞上
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which has on it an eye of providence.
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还有一个普罗维登斯的眼睛
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So watching all of this show from outer space,
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因此从外太空看这一切
04:29
you think we get it, we understand
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你觉得我们明白
04:31
that the most precious resource on the blue planet
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这个蓝色星球上最珍贵的资源
04:33
is our consciousness.
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是我们的意识
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Because it's the first thing we draw;
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因为这我们画的第一个图案
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we surround ourselves with images of it;
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我们的周围都是它的形象
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it's probably the most common image on the planet.
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它可能是在这个星球上最常見的形象
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But we don't. We take our consciousness for granted.
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但我们并没有理解 我们认为意识是理所当然的
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While I was producing in Los Angeles, I never thought about it for a second.
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在洛杉矶的时候我从来没有想过这个问题
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Until it was stripped from me, I never thought about it.
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直到它被夺走了
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And what I've learned since that event
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我从这件事
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and during my recovery
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和康复过程中学到的
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is that consciousness is under threat on this planet
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是这个星球上意识正受到
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in ways it's never been under threat before.
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前所未有的威胁
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These are just some examples.
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这只是些例子
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And the reason I'm so honored to be here
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我有幸
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to talk today in India
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今天能在印度演讲
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is because India has the sad distinction
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是因为印度是
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of being the head injury capital of the world.
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世界头部受伤的最多的城市
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That statistic is so sad.
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统计数据令人心寒
05:11
There is no more drastic and sudden gap created
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没有比严重头部创伤
05:14
between potential and actual mind
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会导致潜在意识和实际意识之间的
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than a severe head injury.
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鸿沟
05:18
Each one can entail up to a decade of rehabilitation,
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每个受伤者有十年的康复期
05:21
which means that India, unless something changes,
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也就是说没有任何措施的话
05:23
is accumulating a need
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印度正在累积
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for millennia of rehabilitation.
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上千年的康复期
05:29
What you find in the United States
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在美国每20秒
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is an injury every 20 seconds -- that's one and a half million every year --
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就是发生一场受伤事件－每年150万次－
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stroke every 40 seconds,
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每四十秒就有人中风
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Alzheimer's disease, every 70 seconds somebody succumbs to that.
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每70秒就有人患上老年痴呆症
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All of these represent gaps
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这些代表着潜在意识
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between potential mind and actual mind.
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和实际意识间的割裂
05:45
And here are some of the other categories, if you look at the whole planet.
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如果你放眼全球 还有些其他类型
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The World Health Organization tells us
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根据世界卫生组织
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that depression is the number one disease on Earth
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就患病时间而言
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in terms of years lived with disability.
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抑郁症是地球上的头号疾病
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We find that the number two source of disability
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在15岁到44岁人群中
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is depression in the age group
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忧郁症是
06:01
of 15 to 44.
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第二位致病来源
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Our children are becoming depressed
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我们的孩子正以惊人的速度
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at an alarming rate.
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变得抑郁
06:07
I discovered during my recovery
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在康复期
06:09
the third leading cause of death amongst teenagers
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我发现青少年第三大死亡原因
06:11
is suicide.
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是自杀
06:13
If you look at some of these other items -- concussions.
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至于其他的情况还有一个就是脑震荡
06:15
Half of E.R. admissions from adolescents
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急诊室接诊的青少年
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are for concussions.
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半数是由于脑震荡
06:19
If I talk about migraine,
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如果说道偏头痛
06:21
40 percent of the population
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40％的人口
06:23
suffer episodic headaches.
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患有阵发性头痛
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Fifteen percent suffer migraines
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15％的人口患有偏头痛
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that wipe them out for days on end.
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令他们苦不堪言
06:29
All of this is leading -- computer addiction,
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所有这一切会导致－电脑成瘾
06:31
just to cover that: the most frequent thing we do
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说到这，我们常做的事
06:33
is use digital devices.
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就是使用电子设备
06:35
The average teenager
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一个普通青少年
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sends 3,300 texts every [month].
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每月发送3300条短信
06:40
We're talking about a society that is retreating
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我们谈论的是当我们
06:42
into depression and disassociation
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可能遭遇下一个灾难性的气候变化时
06:45
when we are potentially confronting
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整个社会却正在
06:47
the next great catastrophic climate shift.
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陷入抑郁和分裂
06:50
So what you'd be wondering, watching the Human Show,
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你看着《人类世界》的节目会想
06:52
is are we going to confront and address
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我们会不会
06:54
the catastrophic climate shift that may be heading our way
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通过发展我们的意识 来应对即将到来的
06:56
by growing our consciousness,
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灾难性气候变化
06:58
or are we going to continue to retreat?
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还是我们将（在抑郁中）越陷越深？
07:00
And that then might lead you
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这可能会让你
07:02
to watch an episode one day
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天天跑一趟
07:04
of Cedars-Sinai medical center
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西德斯西奈医院
07:07
and a consideration of the difference between potential mind and actual mind.
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以及深思潜在意识和实际意识间的差异
07:10
This is a dense array EEG MRI
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这是MRI跟踪156频道信息的
07:13
tracking 156 channels of information.
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脑电图
07:15
It's not my EEG at Cedars;
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这不是我在西德斯医院的脑电图
07:18
it's your EEG tonight and last night.
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这是你今晚和昨晚的脑电图
07:21
It's the what our minds do every night
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这是我们的大脑每晚
07:23
to digest the day
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在消化白天的一切
07:25
and to prepare to bridge from the potential mind when we're asleep
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和准备从睡着的潜在意识
07:27
to the actual mind when we awaken the following morning.
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转换到次日早晨清醒后的实际意识
07:30
This is how I was when I returned from the hospital
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这是我4个月后
07:33
after nearly four months.
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出院的样子
07:35
The horseshoe shape you can see on my skull
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你可以看到在我头骨上的马蹄形状
07:37
is where they operated and went inside my brain
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这是他们为了救我
07:39
to do the surgeries they needed to do to rescue my life.
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对大脑进行手术的地方
07:42
But if you look into the eye of consciousness, that single eye you can see,
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但如果你看看意识的唯一眼睛
07:45
I'm looking down,
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我在向下看
07:47
but let me tell you how I felt at that point.
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让我告诉你当时的感受
07:50
I didn't feel empty; I felt everything simultaneously.
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我没有感到空虚 我实时地感受着一切
07:52
I felt empty and full, hot and cold,
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我感到空和满，热与冷
07:55
euphoric and depressed
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愉快和抑郁
07:57
because the brain is the world's first
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因为大脑是这世上第一个
07:59
fully functional quantum computer;
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全功能的量子大脑
08:01
it can occupy multiple states at the same time.
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它可以同时多线程运作
08:04
And with all the internal regulators of my brain damaged,
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虽然我的大脑内部调控程序受损
08:07
I felt everything simultaneously.
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我能实时地感受一切
08:10
But let's swivel around and look at me frontally.
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让我们从正面看看我自己
08:13
This is now flash-forward to the point in time
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现在切换到
08:15
where I've been discharged by the health system.
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我被移除保健系统设备的样子
08:18
Look into those eyes. I'm not able to focus those eyes.
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看看那双眼睛 我不能集中它们
08:20
I'm not able to follow a line of text in a book.
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我读不懂书上的一行字
08:23
But the system has moved me on
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但是医疗体系已经跟我撇清关系了
08:25
because, as my family started to discover,
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因为我的家人发现
08:28
there is no long-term concept
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医疗保健系统里
08:30
in the health care system.
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没有长期概念
08:32
Neurological damage, 10 years of rehab,
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神经损伤，十年康复期
08:35
requires a long-term perspective.
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需要以一个长期的视角来对待
08:37
But let's take a look behind my eyes.
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但让我们看看眼睛背后的情况
08:39
This is a gamma radiation spec scan
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这是一张伽马线扫描图
08:41
that uses gamma radiation
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通过伽马射线
08:43
to map three-dimensional function within the brain.
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勾勒出大脑的三位功能区
08:46
It requires a laboratory to see it in three dimension,
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要看到三维图需要一个实验室才行
08:48
but in two dimensions I think you can see
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但二维的你可以看到
08:50
the beautiful symmetry and illumination
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一个正常大脑的
08:52
of a normal mind at work.
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美丽的对称性及其光亮
08:54
Here's my brain.
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这是我的大脑
08:56
That is the consequence of more than a third of the right side of my brain
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这是中风破坏了右脑的三分之一后的
08:59
being destroyed by the stroke.
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结果
09:01
So my family, as we moved forward
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我的家人
09:03
and discovered that the health care system had moved us by,
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当发现医疗保健系统已经与我们不相干的时候
09:06
had to try to find solutions and answers.
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不得不设法寻找解决方案
09:08
And during that process -- it took many years --
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在这个长期过程中
09:11
one of the doctors said that my recovery, my degree of advance,
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一个医生说，基于我的脑损伤程度
09:14
since the amount of head injury I'd suffered,
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我的康复过程
09:16
was miraculous.
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是个奇迹
09:18
And that was when I started to write a book,
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当时我正动手准备写本书
09:20
because I didn't think it was miraculous.
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因为我不认识那是奇迹
09:22
I thought there were miraculous elements,
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当然不能否认有奇迹的因素
09:24
but I also didn't think it was right
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我认为
09:26
that one should have to struggle and search for answers
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对于一个社会流行问题却要人们苦苦寻找答案
09:28
when this is a pandemic within our society.
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是不对的
09:31
So from this experience of my recovery,
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所以我的康复经历
09:34
I want to share four particular aspects --
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我想从四个方面来与人们分享它－
09:37
I call them the four C's of consciousness --
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我称之为意识4C－
09:39
that helped me grow my potential mind
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它们帮助我发展我的潜在意识
09:42
back towards the actual mind that I work with every day.
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直到我每天使用的实际意识
09:45
The first C is cognitive training.
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第一个是认知训练
09:47
Unlike the smashed glass of my car,
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跟那些被砸碎的车玻璃不一样
09:50
plasticity of the brain
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大脑的可塑性
09:52
means that there was always a possibility, with treatment,
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意味着通过训来治疗的可能性
09:55
to train the brain
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从而
09:57
so that you can regain and raise your level of awareness and consciousness.
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恢复和提高自觉和意识水平
10:00
Plasticity means that there was always
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可塑性就是理智的希望
10:02
hope for our reason --
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永远存在－
10:04
hope for our ability to rebuild that function.
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是我们重建功能的希望
10:07
Indeed, the mind can redefine itself,
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的确，意识能够重新定义自身
10:09
and this is demonstrated by two specialists called Hagen and Silva
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70年的哈根和西瓦两位专家
10:12
back in the 1970's.
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就证明了
10:14
The global perspective
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在全球
10:16
is that up to 30 percent of children in school
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高达百分之三十的在学儿童
10:18
have learning weaknesses
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有无法自我纠正的
10:20
that are not self-correcting,
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学习能力缺陷
10:22
but with appropriate treatment,
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但通过适当治疗
10:24
they can be screened for and detected and corrected
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可以对他们进行筛选，检查和纠正
10:27
and avoid their academic failure.
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以避免学业的失败
10:29
But what I discovered is it's almost impossible to find anyone
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但我发现几乎没有人
10:32
who provides that treatment or care.
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提供这样的治疗或关注
10:34
Here's what my neuropsychologist provided for me
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这是我的神经学家给我的资料
10:36
when I actually found somebody who could apply it.
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如果我能找到人实际使用它
10:39
I'm not a doctor, so I'm not going to talk about the various subtests.
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我不是医生，就不谈各种具体测试了
10:42
Let's just talk about full-scale I.Q.
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只谈谈全量表智商
10:44
Full-scale I.Q. is the mental processing --
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全量表智商用于测试
10:46
how fast you can acquire information,
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你如何快速提取
10:48
retain it and retrieve it --
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保留和检索信息的过程
10:50
that is essential for success in life today.
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这对今天生活中的成功是很重要的
10:53
And you can see here there are three columns.
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你可以看到有三栏
10:55
Untestable -- that's when I'm in my coma.
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不可测试的－当时我正处于昏迷状态
10:58
And then I creep up to the point that I get a score of 79,
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然后我慢慢恢复到79分的水平
11:01
which is just below average.
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仅仅低于平均水平
11:04
In the health care system, if you touch average, you're done.
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在医疗保健系统中，你达到了平均就完事了
11:07
That's when I was discharged from the system.
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那就是我出院时的水平
11:09
What does average I.Q. really mean?
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平均I.Q.究竟意味着什么？
11:12
It meant that when I was given two and a half hours
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意味着我要用两个半小时
11:15
to take a test that anyone here
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来完成这里任何一个人50分钟
11:17
would take in 50 minutes,
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就能完成的测试
11:19
I might score an F.
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可能得到的还是F
11:22
This is a very, very low level
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这是个非常低的水平
11:24
in order to be kicked out of the health care system.
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当医院就此撒手不管了
11:26
Then I underwent cognitive training.
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所以接着我接受了认知训练
11:28
And let me show you what happened to the right-hand column
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做了一段时间的认知训练后
11:30
when I did my cognitive training over a period of time.
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看看右侧烂发生了什么变化
11:33
This is not supposed to occur.
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不应该是这样
11:36
I.Q. is supposed to stabilize and solidify
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I.Q.应该稳定和固定在了
11:39
at the age of eight.
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八岁的水平
11:41
Now the Journal of the National Medical Association
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全美医学协会杂志
11:43
gave my memoir a full clinical review,
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给我的回忆录做了一个完整的临床检查
11:45
which is very unusual.
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这是很罕见的
11:47
I'm not a doctor. I have no medical background whatsoever.
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我不是医生，没有医学背景
11:50
But they felt the evidences
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但他们认为书中的
11:52
that there was important, valuable information in the book,
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信息是重要的有价值的
11:55
and they commented about it when they gave the full peer review to it.
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并在同行检阅后评价了它
11:58
But they asked one question. They said, "Is this repeatable?"
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但他们问了一个问题：“这个个例能被复制吗？”
12:01
That was a fair question
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这是个合理的问题
12:03
because my memoir was simply how I found solutions that worked for me.
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因为我的回忆录是对我有效的方案
12:06
The answer is yes, and for the first time,
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答案是肯定的 这是头一次
12:08
it's my pleasure to be able to share two examples.
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跟大家分享这两个例子
12:10
Here's somebody, what they did as they went through cognitive training
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这个人在他7岁和11岁时接受过
12:12
at ages seven and 11.
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认知训练
12:14
And here's another person in, call it, high school and college.
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另外一个人是在高中和大学接受的
12:17
And this person is particularly interesting.
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这个人很有意思
12:19
I won't go into the intrascatter that's in the subtests,
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我没打算纠缠于具体测试
12:21
but they still had a neurologic issue.
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不过他们都有神经性问题
12:23
But that person could be identified
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那个人被诊断有
12:25
as having a learning disability.
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学习障碍
12:27
And with accommodation, they went on to college
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但他们在帮助下进了大学
12:29
and had a full life in terms of their opportunities.
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他们的生活充满机遇
12:32
Second aspect:
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第二方面：（颅颌紊乱）
12:34
I still had crushing migraine headaches.
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我仍然有很剧烈的偏头痛
12:36
Two elements that worked for me here
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我了解到我身上的两个原因
12:38
are -- the first is 90 percent, I learned, of head and neck pain
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第一百分之九十是由肌肉和骨骼不吻合
12:42
is through muscular-skeletal imbalance.
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引起的头部和颈部疼痛
12:44
The craniomandibular system is critical to that.
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颅骨下颌骨系统是疼痛的重要原因
12:48
And when I underwent it and found solutions,
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当我经受疼痛发现了解决方案
12:51
this is the interrelationship between the TMJ and the teeth.
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这是牙齿和颞颌关节的相关位置
12:54
Up to 30 percent of the population
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高达百分之三十的人口
12:56
have a disorder, disease or dysfunction in the jaw
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由于下巴的紊乱，疾病或功能障碍
12:59
that affects the entire body.
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而影响健康
13:01
I was fortunate to find a dentist
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我很幸运找到了一个牙医
13:03
who applied this entire universe
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他用上了你能看到的
13:05
of technology you're about to see
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所有技术
13:07
to establish that if he repositioned my jaw,
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来做下颚重建
13:09
the headaches pretty much resolved,
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头痛的麻烦解决了
13:11
but that then my teeth weren't in the right place.
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但我的牙位置不正
13:13
He then held my jaw in the right position
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然后他把我的下巴固定到正确位置
13:15
while orthodontically he put my teeth into correct alignment.
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重新矫正了牙的位置
13:19
So my teeth actually hold my jaw in the correct position.
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所以，我的牙居然固定我的下巴的正确位置上
13:22
This affected my entire body.
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这影响了我整个身体
13:25
If that sounds like a very, very strange thing to say
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你一定觉得这是个
13:27
and rather a bold statement --
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奇怪而大胆的说法－
13:29
How can the jaw affect the entire body? --
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下颚能影响整个身体？
13:31
let me simply point out to you,
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简而言之地说
13:33
if I ask you tomorrow
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如果我叫你明天
13:35
to put one grain of sand between your teeth
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把一粒沙子放在你牙齿间
13:37
and go for a nice long walk,
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然后去悠闲地散步
13:39
how far would you last
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你會可以走多遠
13:41
before you had to remove that grain of sand?
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你能走多远？
13:43
That tiny misalignment.
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就是这么小的偏差
13:45
Bear in mind, there are no nerves in the teeth.
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请记住，牙齿里并没有神经
13:47
That's why the same between the before and after that this shows,
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这就是为什么这张图片上看不出前后
13:50
it's hard to see the difference.
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有什么什么差别
13:52
Now just trying putting a few grains of sand between your teeth
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现在视着把粒沙子放进牙齿间
13:54
and see the difference it makes.
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看看差别
13:56
I still had migraine headaches.
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我仍然有偏头痛
13:58
The next issue that resolved
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接下来解决的问题是
14:00
was that, if 90 percent of head and neck pain
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如果百分之九十的头部和颈部头痛
14:02
is caused by imbalance,
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是失衡造成
14:04
the other 10 percent, largely --
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剩下的百分之十大部分就是－
14:06
if you set aside aneurysms, brain cancer
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不考虑动脉瘤，脑肿瘤
14:08
and hormonal issues --
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和激素问题的话－
14:10
is the circulation.
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就是循环
14:12
Imagine the blood flowing through your body --
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试想一下，血液流经身体－
14:14
I was told at UCLA Medical Center --
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在加州大学洛杉矶分校医学中心我获知－
14:16
as one sealed system.
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它是一个封闭的系统
14:18
There's a big pipe with the blood flowing through it,
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有一个血液流动的大管道
14:20
and around that pipe are the nerves
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周围是神经
14:22
drawing their nutrient supply from the blood.
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从血液里吸取养分
14:24
That's basically it.
358
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基本就是如此
14:26
If you press on a hose pipe in a sealed system,
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如果在一个封闭系统的软管上摁某处
14:28
it bulges someplace else.
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另一个地方就会鼓起
14:30
If that some place else where it bulges
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如果鼓起的地方
14:32
is inside the biggest nerve in your body, your brain,
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是在你身体里最大的神经上，大脑上
14:35
you get a vascular migraine.
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那就是血管偏头痛
14:37
This is a level of pain that's only known
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这种痛苦的程度
14:39
to other people who suffer vascular migraines.
365
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只有其他身患血管偏头痛的人才知道
14:42
Using this technology,
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利用这种
14:44
this is mapping in three dimensions.
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三维投射技术
14:46
This is an MRI MRA MRV,
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这是磁共振成像, 磁共振血管摄影, MRV,
14:48
a volumetric MRI.
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一個有体积的磁共振成像
14:50
Using this technology, the specialists at UCLA Medical Center
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利用这种技术，加州大学洛杉矶分校医学中心的专家
14:53
were able to identify
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能找到
14:55
where that compression in the hose pipe was occurring.
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这个软管被压的位置
14:57
A vascular surgeon removed most of the first rib on both sides of my body.
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一名血管外科医生移除了两侧第一根肋骨的大部分
15:01
And in the following months and years,
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在接下来的几个月和几年里
15:03
I felt the neurological flow of life itself returning.
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我感受到神经里流淌的生命活力重新回来了
15:06
Communication, the next C. This is critical.
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下一个C是交流 这个至关重要
15:09
All consciousness is about communication.
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所有的意识都是为了沟通
15:12
And here, by great fortune,
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很幸运
15:14
one of my father's clients
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我父亲一个客户的
15:16
had a husband who worked
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丈夫曾在
15:18
at the Alfred Mann Foundation for Scientific Research.
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阿尔夫雷德･曼恩基金的研究所工作
15:21
Alfred Mann is a brilliant physicist and innovator
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阿尔夫雷德･曼恩是一位杰出的物理学家和创新者
15:23
who's fascinated with bridging gaps in consciousness,
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着迷于恢复意识
15:26
whether to restore hearing to the deaf, vision to the blind
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恢复失聪者的听力和失明者的视力
15:29
or movement to the paralyzed.
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或者瘫痪的人恢复运动能力
15:31
And I'm just going to give you an example today
386
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今天我讲的例子
15:33
of movement to the paralyzed.
387
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是瘫痪者康复的例子
15:35
I've brought with me, from Southern California,
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我从南加利福尼亚带来的
15:38
the FM device.
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FM设备
15:40
This is it being held in the hand.
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这是拿在手上的样子
15:42
It weighs less than a gram.
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它的重量不到一克
15:44
So two of them implanted in the body would weigh less than a dime.
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因此，两个植入体内的设备还不到一毛钱的重量
15:47
Five of them would still weigh less
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五个的重量也
15:49
than a rupee coin.
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不及一个卢比硬币
15:51
Where does it go inside the body?
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那它装在身体哪里？
15:53
It has been simulated and tested to endure in the body corrosion-free
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通过模拟和测试，它可在体内不受腐蚀地停留
15:55
for over 80 years.
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超过80年
15:57
So it goes in and it stays there.
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因此它进入人体后就留下來
15:59
Here are the implantation sites.
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这是植入点
16:01
The concept that they're working towards -- and they have working prototypes --
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他们正在努力开发的原型－
16:04
is that we placed it throughout the motor points of the body
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就是将其置于人体内
16:06
where they're needed.
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需要的运动关节点
16:08
The main unit will then go inside the brain.
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主单位则植入大脑
16:10
An FM device in the cortex of the brain, the motor cortex,
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一个FM装置在大脑皮层，运动皮质
16:13
will send signals in real time
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向相关肌肉上的运动点
16:15
to the motor points in the relevant muscles
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发送实时信号
16:17
so that the person will be able to move their arm, let's say, in real time,
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这样即使一个人失去控制手臂的能力，他也能实时地
16:20
if they've lost control of their arm.
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移动手臂
16:22
And other FM devices implanted in fingertips,
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而其他FM装置植入指尖
16:25
on contacting a surface,
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在接触一个表面的时候
16:27
will send a message back to the sensory cortex of the brain,
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就会将信息传回大脑皮层
16:30
so that the person feels a sense of touch.
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从而人能感觉到触摸
16:33
Is this science fiction? No,
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这是科幻小说吗？ 不是的
16:35
because I'm wearing the first application of this technology.
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因为我正穿着第一套应用此科技的装置
16:38
I don't have the ability to control my left foot.
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我没有控制左脚的能力
16:40
A radio device is controlling every step I take,
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一个无限装置控制着我的每一步
16:43
and a sensor picks up my foot for me
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每次我抬脚
16:45
every time I walk.
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都是感应器提起了它
16:47
And in closing, I want to share
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最后我想分享
16:49
the personal reason why this meant so much to me
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这一切对我至关重要
16:51
and changed the direction of my life.
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并改变我人生方向的个人理由
16:53
In my coma, one of the presences I sensed
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在我处于昏迷状态时，我感觉到有
16:55
was someone I felt was a protector.
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一个保护者的存在
16:57
And when I came out of my coma, I recognized my family,
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当我从昏迷中醒来，我认出我的家人
17:00
but I didn't remember my own past.
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但关于我的过去我什么都不记得了
17:03
Gradually, I remembered the protector was my wife.
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渐渐得我想起这个保护者是我的妻子
17:06
And I whispered the good news
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我小声告诉我的夜班护士这个好消息
17:08
through my broken jaw, which was wired shut,
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虽然我的下巴破裂
17:10
to my night nurse.
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还缝着线
17:12
And the following morning, my mother came to explain
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第二天早上，我母亲解释道
17:14
that I'd not always been in this bed, in this room,
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我并不是一直躺在这张床上这个屋子里
17:16
that I'd been working in film and television
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直到事故前我一直从事在
17:18
and that I had been in a crash
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电视电影行业
17:20
and that, yes, I was married,
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而且没错 我结过婚
17:23
but Marcy had been killed instantly in the crash.
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但马西在事故当场就死亡了
17:26
And during my time in coma,
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而在我昏迷期间
17:28
she had been laid to rest in her hometown of Phoenix.
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她已在家乡凤凰城入土为安
17:32
Now in the dark years that followed, I had to work out what remained for me
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在之後的這些黑暗的幾年中，我不得不思考
17:35
if everything that made today special was gone.
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如果一切令今日特别的东西都不在那么我还有什么
17:38
And as I discovered these threats to consciousness
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当我发现这些对意识的威胁
17:41
and how they are surrounding the world
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以及它们在全世界的普遍存在
17:43
and enveloping the lives of more and more people every day,
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并在每天包围着越来越多的人
17:46
I discovered what truly remained.
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我发现了真正存在的东西
17:48
I believe that we can overcome the threats to our consciousness,
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我相信我们能克服意识的威胁
17:51
that the Human Show can stay on the air
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我们的《人类世界》
17:53
for millennia to come.
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可以在未来千年里继续上映
17:55
I believe that we can all rise and shine.
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我相信我们可以如星星一般闪亮耀眼
17:58
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢
18:00
(Applause)
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（掌声）
18:06
Lakshmi Pratury: Just stay for a second. Just stay here for a second.
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拉什米•普拉特里：请留步
18:09
(Applause)
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（掌声）
18:13
You know,
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你们知道吗
18:16
when I heard Simon's --
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当我听到西蒙的（故事）－
18:20
please sit down; I just want to talk to him for a second --
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请坐 我就想跟他谈谈－
18:23
when I read his book, I went to LA to meet him.
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当我读了他的书以后我去了洛杉矶见他
18:26
And so I was sitting in this restaurant,
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当时我坐在一家餐厅里
18:29
waiting for a man to come by
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等一个人来到
18:32
who obviously would have some difficulty ...
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我想他肯定有些许不便
18:34
I don't know what I had in my mind.
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我不知道会看到什么
18:36
And he was walking around.
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而他正在到处走动
18:38
I didn't expect that person that I was going to meet
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我没想到我要见的人
18:40
to be him.
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就是他
18:42
And then we met and we talked,
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然后我们聊天
18:44
and I'm like, he doesn't look
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我想，他一点都不像
18:46
like somebody who was built out of nothing.
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一个起死回生的病人
18:50
And then I was amazed
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然后我很惊讶
18:52
at what role technology played
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科技为你的康复
18:54
in your recovery.
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起的作用
18:56
And we have his book outside
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外面书店
18:58
in the bookshop.
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有他的书
19:00
The thing that amazed me
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最令我惊讶的是
19:02
is the painstaking detail
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书中的那些细节
19:05
with which he has written
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他记录下
19:07
every hospital he has been to,
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去过的每一家医院
19:09
every treatment he got,
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做过的每一个治疗
19:11
every near-miss he had,
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每一个功败垂成的结果
19:14
and how accidentally he stumbled upon innovations.
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以及他无意中发现的创新
19:18
So I think this one detail
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我觉得大家可能
19:23
went past people really quick.
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容易错过这个细节
19:25
Tell a little bit about what you're wearing on your leg.
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说说你穿在腿上的东西吧
19:28
Simon Lewis: I knew when I was timing this
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西蒙･路易斯：我知道演讲的时候
19:30
that there wouldn't be time for me to do anything about --
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没有时间将这个了－
19:32
Well this is it. This is the control unit.
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这个就是控制装置
19:35
And this records every single step I've taken
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这个纪录我走的每一步
19:37
for, ooh, five or six years now.
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大概已经五六年了
19:39
And if I do this, probably the mic won't hear it.
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如果我这么做麦克风可能收不到音
19:44
That little chirp followed by two chirps is now switched on.
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一声后两声响就是开关打开了
19:47
When I press it again, it'll chirp three times,
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再按一次，会响三下
19:50
and that'll mean that it's armed and ready to go.
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也就是准备好了可是开始了
19:54
And that's my friend. I mean, I charge it every night.
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它是我的朋友，每晚要充电
19:57
And it works. It works.
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它很好用
19:59
And what I would love to add because I didn't have time ...
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我很像补充点刚刚没来得及讲的
20:02
What does it do? Well actually, I'll show you down here.
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它是做什么的？你们可以看到这儿
20:05
This down here, if the camera can see that,
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这儿 如果摄像机能拍到的话
20:08
that is a small antenna.
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这是个小天线
20:11
Underneath my heel, there is a sensor
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我脚跟下是个传感器
20:14
that detects when my foot leaves the ground --
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能监测到我的脚离开地面－
20:16
what's called the heel lift.
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就是脚跟抬起
20:18
This thing blinks all the time; I'll leave it out, so you might be able to see it.
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这个东西在闪 我拿出来这样你们能看见
20:21
But this is blinking all the time. It's sending signals in real time.
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这个会一直闪烁 它在发送实时信号
20:24
And if you walk faster, if I walk faster,
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如果我走得快
20:27
it detects what's called the time interval,
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它检测到的时间间隔
20:29
which is the interval between each heel lift.
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就是每次脚跟抬起的间隔
20:31
And it accelerates the amount and level of the stimulation.
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就会加快刺激的数量和水平
20:35
The other things they've worked on -- I didn't have time to say this in my talk --
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他们做过其他工作－我没有时间谈了－
20:38
is they've restored functional hearing
506
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就是他们帮助了成千上万个
20:40
to thousands of deaf people.
507
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失聪人士
20:42
I could tell you the story: this was going to be an abandoned technology,
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我可以告诉你们：这本来是个将被废弃的技术
20:45
but Alfred Mann met the doctor who was going to retire,
509
1230000
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阿尔夫雷德･曼恩碰到了这位即将退休的医生
20:47
[Dr. Schindler.]
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辛德勒医生
20:49
And he was going to retire -- all the technology was going to be lost,
511
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他即将退休－所有的技术都将丢失
20:52
because not a single medical manufacturer would take it on
512
1237000
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没有一个医疗制造商愿意接手
20:55
because it was a small issue.
513
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因为这是个小市场
20:57
But there's millions of deaf people in the world,
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但世界上有上百万的失聪人士
21:00
and the Cochlear implant has given hearing to thousands of deaf people now.
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现在人工耳蜗帮助了他们恢复听力
21:03
It works.
516
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很有用
21:05
And the other thing is they're working on artificial retinas for the blind.
517
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他们正在努力为失明人士开发人工视网膜
21:08
And this, this is the implantable generation.
518
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这是一个可植入的世代
21:11
Because what I didn't say in my talk
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因为我还没在演讲中提到
21:13
is this is actually exoskeletal.
520
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植入是在骨骼外
21:15
I should clarify that.
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我要澄清这点
21:17
Because the first generation is exoskeletal,
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第一代是骨骼外植入
21:19
it's wrapped around the leg,
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所以缠在
21:21
around the affected limb.
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受用肢体上
21:23
I must tell you, they're an amazing --
525
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但我得说，他们很厉害
21:25
there's a hundred people who work in that building --
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那个楼里有上百人工作－
21:27
engineers, scientists,
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工程师，科学家
21:29
and other team members -- all the time.
528
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和其他团队成员－一直在工作
21:31
Alfred Mann has set up this foundation
529
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3000
阿尔夫雷德･曼恩建立了这个基金
21:34
to advance this research
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一促进该研究
21:36
because he saw
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因为他看到
21:38
there's no way venture capital would come in for something like this.
532
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没有人愿意在这个项目上注入投资
21:41
The audience is too small.
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目标人群太小了
21:43
You'd think, there's plenty of paralyzed people in the world,
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你想说，世上有很多瘫痪的人
21:45
but the audience is too small,
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但是目标人群太小
21:47
and the amount of research, the time it takes,
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而大量的研究和时间
21:50
the FDA clearances,
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FDA 的许可证
21:52
the payback time is too long
538
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投资回报期太长
21:54
for V.C. to be interested.
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风投者没有兴趣
21:56
So he saw a need and he stepped in.
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因此他看到了他插手此事的必要
21:58
He's a very, very remarkable man.
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他是一个了不起的人
22:01
He's done a lot of very cutting-edge science.
542
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研发了很多尖端技术
22:04
LP: So when you get a chance, spend some time with Simon.
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拉什米•普拉特里：如果你有机会，请跟西蒙谈谈
22:06
Thank you. Thank you.
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谢谢
22:08
(Applause)
545
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Simon Lewis - Author, producerSimon Lewis is the author of "Rise and Shine," a memoir about his remarkable recovery from a car accident and coma, and his new approach to our own consciousness.
Why you should listen
Born in London, Simon Lewis is a film and television producer and author. After earning law degrees from Christ's College Cambridge and Boalt Hall, Berkeley, Lewis moved to Los Angeles, where his Hollywood experience includes managing writers, directors and stars, as well as producing Look Who's Talking, critically acclaimed films such as The Chocolate War, the Emmy-winning international co-production for HBO and ITV Central A Month of Sundays (Age Old Friends), and variety specials starring Howie Mandel.
He's the author of Rise and Shine, a memoir that uses his personal story -- of recovery from coma -- to illustrate deep and universal insights about consciousness itself. An acclaimed author, speaker and commentator, Lewis uses creative visualizations that fuse cutting-edge medicine, scientific research and digital art to illustrate solutions to society’s most pressing problem: the erosion of consciousness and need for solutions to nurture and grow our minds through cognitive and other therapies.
An advocate for change in how we educate our children and ourselves, he says that we must not take our consciousness for granted, but use specific tools to screen and detect learning weaknesses and prevent academic failure. Bridge the gap from our potential mind toward our actual mind and maximize consciousness itself across our population, from child to adult.
The Atavist magazine devoted Issue No. 7 to Chris Colin's in-depth biographical profile of Lewis, called "Blindsight." Read a review or buy the issue.
Simon Lewis | Speaker | TED.com