TEDxBoston 2012
Kent Larson: Brilliant designs to fit more people in every city
Kent Larson：设计改变城市，创意成就舒适
Filmed:
Readability: 3.9
1,197,987 views
要怎样才能使更多的人住进城市中，而不显得过分拥挤呢？Kent Larson展示了折叠汽车，可快速调整的公寓，还有其他的创新作品，他们都能使得城市变得和以前的小村庄一样舒适。
Kent Larson - Architect
Kent Larson designs new technologies that solve the biggest questions facing our cities. Full bio
Kent Larson designs new technologies that solve the biggest questions facing our cities. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
I thought I would start with a very brief
0
1492
2467
我觉得我得从城市的历史
00:19
history of cities.
1
3959
2140
简单说起
00:21
Settlements typically began
2
6099
2196
人们聚井而居
00:24
with people clustered around a well, and the size
3
8295
2861
揭开了典型的定居生活
00:27
of that settlement was roughly the distance you could walk
4
11156
2770
而这种定居的范围，也不过是你头顶着一盆水
00:29
with a pot of water on your head.
5
13926
1767
所能走的距离罢了
00:31
In fact, if you fly over Germany, for example,
6
15693
3847
其实，假如你能从德国上空飞过
00:35
and you look down and you see these hundreds
7
19540
1475
往下看，你会看到数以百计的小村庄
00:36
of little villages, they're all about a mile apart.
8
21015
2974
每个距离约一英里
00:39
You needed easy access to the fields.
9
23989
2721
这样你就到地里去就很方便了
00:42
And for hundreds, even thousands of years,
10
26710
3576
几百几千年以来
00:46
the home was really the center of life.
11
30286
2516
家就是生活的中心
00:48
Life was very small for most people.
12
32802
2388
所以对大多数人来说，生活范围其实很小
00:51
It was the center of entertainment, of energy production,
13
35190
4831
家是欢乐，动力
00:55
of work, the center of health care.
14
40021
2463
工作，和医疗的中心
00:58
That's where babies were born and people died.
15
42484
3890
在那里，也有生老病死
01:02
Then, with industrialization, everything started
16
46374
3093
之后工业化的兴起，
01:05
to become centralized.
17
49467
1518
一切开始变得集中起来
01:06
You had dirty factories that were moved
18
50985
2253
那些污浊不堪的工厂
01:09
to the outskirts of cities.
19
53238
1614
都搬到了郊外
01:10
Production was centralized in assembly plants.
20
54852
4617
产品也都被集中到装配厂
01:15
You had centralized energy production.
21
59469
3872
我们还把能源生产也集中起来
01:19
Learning took place in schools. Health care took place
22
63341
2495
学校是学习用的
01:21
in hospitals.
23
65836
2689
医院是治病用的
01:24
And then you had networks that developed.
24
68525
2520
然后网络也发展起来了
01:26
You had water, sewer networks that allowed for this
25
71045
3767
供水管网，污水管网也使得
01:30
kind of unchecked expansion.
26
74812
2528
不断的扩张成为了可能
01:33
You had separated functions, increasingly.
27
77340
3943
慢慢地，我们把不同的职能给区分开来
01:37
You had rail networks that connected residential,
28
81283
2802
铁路网连接到了住宅区
01:39
industrial, commercial areas. You had auto networks.
29
84085
2957
工业区和商业区，汽车交通网也建立起来了
01:42
In fact, the model was really, give everybody a car,
30
87042
3502
事实上，这个模式就是，给每人一辆车
01:46
build roads to everything, and give people a place to park
31
90544
2207
把路给修起来，然后在人们停车的地方
01:48
when they get there. It was not a very functional model.
32
92751
3115
弄个车库，其实这并不是一个行得通的模式
01:51
And we still live in that world,
33
95866
2842
但我们依旧生活在这样的环境下
01:54
and this is what we end up with.
34
98708
2295
所以这就是我们所得到的
01:56
So you have the sprawl of LA,
35
101003
2005
所以就有了洛杉矶的扩展区
01:58
the sprawl of Mexico City.
36
103008
2046
墨西哥城的扩展区
02:00
You have these unbelievable new cities in China
37
105054
2767
在中国匪夷所思般崛起了各种新城市
02:03
which you might call tower sprawl.
38
107821
2667
也可以称为“雨后春笋”
02:06
They're all building cities on the model that we invented
39
110488
2982
他们都是基于我们在50年代或60年代发明的模式
02:09
in the '50s and '60s, which is really obsolete, I would argue,
40
113470
3622
在建城市，我觉得这样是跟不上时代的
02:12
and there are hundreds and hundreds of new cities
41
117092
1658
而此时此刻，不计其数的城市
02:14
that are being planned all over the world.
42
118750
2016
正在世界各地紧锣密鼓筹备兴建
02:16
In China alone, 300 million people,
43
120766
2250
单中国来说，3亿人口，
02:18
some say 400 million people,
44
123016
1907
有的说4亿
02:20
will move to the city over the next 15 years.
45
124923
2664
将会在接下来的15年里搬迁到城市里
02:23
That means building the entire, the equivalent
46
127587
2683
这就等同于要美国
02:26
of the entire built infrastructure of the U.S. in 15 years.
47
130270
2845
在15年内建造起整个国家基础设施
02:29
Imagine that.
48
133115
876
想象一下
02:29
And we should all care about this
49
133991
2274
我们都应该关注一下
02:32
whether you live in cities or not.
50
136265
2756
不管你是否住在城里
02:34
Cities will account for 90 percent of the population growth,
51
139021
2949
城市主宰着90%的人口增长
02:37
80 percent of the global CO2, 75 percent of energy use,
52
141970
4553
全球80%的CO2，75%的能源消费
02:42
but at the same time it's where people want to be,
53
146523
3482
同时，也是人们向往的地方
02:45
increasingly.
54
150005
1237
这情况与日剧增
02:47
More than half the people now in the world live in cities,
55
151242
2916
现在世界上一半以上的人口住在城市里
02:50
and that will just continue to escalate.
56
154158
2918
而且还会不断增加
02:52
Cities are places of celebration, personal expression.
57
157076
3455
城市是人们庆祝和表现的地方
02:56
You have the flash mobs of pillow fights that —
58
160531
2898
城市里有枕头大战的快闪族——
02:59
I've been to a couple. They're quite fun. (Laughter)
59
163429
2632
我去过几次，还真有趣。（笑声）
03:01
You have — (Laughs)
60
166061
2532
还有—— （笑声）
03:04
Cities are where most of the wealth is created,
61
168593
2801
城市是大部分财富的来源
03:07
and particularly in the developing world,
62
171394
1951
尤其是在发展中国家
03:09
it's where women find opportunities. That's
63
173345
2045
妇女也能拥有各种机遇，所以
03:11
a lot of the reason why cities are growing very quickly.
64
175390
3285
有很多原因可以解释为何城市发展如此快速
03:14
Now there's some trends that will impact cities.
65
178675
2679
但某些趋势会影响到城市
03:17
First of all, work is becoming distributed and mobile.
66
181354
2879
首先，工作遵循分配模式而且不再一成不变
03:20
The office building is basically obsolete
67
184233
2071
办公大楼基本淘汰了
03:22
for doing private work.
68
186304
1565
私人的工作
03:23
The home, once again, because of distributed computation --
69
187869
4158
由于有了分布式通信和分布式计算
03:27
communication, is becoming a center of life,
70
192027
2207
家，再一次成为了生活的中心
03:30
so it's a center of production and learning and shopping
71
194234
3329
家成为了生产，学习，购物，还有医疗
03:33
and health care and all of these things that we used
72
197563
3159
还有那些我们认为
03:36
to think of as taking place outside of the home.
73
200722
3006
都是在家外发生的一切的中心
03:39
And increasingly, everything that people buy,
74
203728
3398
渐渐地，所有人们买的东西
03:43
every consumer product, in one way or another,
75
207126
2427
所有的消费品，通过不同的方式
03:45
can be personalized.
76
209553
2062
都能够实现个性化
03:47
And that's a very important trend to think about.
77
211615
2343
这是值得关注的一个重要趋势
03:49
So this is my image of the city of the future.
78
213958
2777
这就是我想象中的未来城市
03:52
(Laughter)
79
216735
2022
（笑声）
03:54
In that it's a place for people, you know.
80
218757
2967
图中那里就是人们可以待的地方
03:57
Maybe not the way people dress, but --
81
221724
2705
人们的衣着可能不会是这样，但
04:00
You know, the question now is, how can we have all
82
224429
2025
要知道，现在的问题是，我们要如何
04:02
the good things that we identify with cities
83
226454
2700
对于城市带给我们的产物
04:05
without all the bad things?
84
229154
2102
做到取其精华去其糟粕呢？
04:07
This is Bangalore. It took me a couple of hours
85
231256
2241
这儿是班加罗尔，在去年的时候
04:09
to get a few miles in Bangalore last year.
86
233497
3005
我花了好几小时才在班加罗尔移动了几英里
04:12
So with cities, you also have congestion and pollution
87
236502
2317
所以在城市里，有拥挤和污染
04:14
and disease and all these negative things.
88
238819
2936
有疾病还有很多负面的东西
04:17
How can we have the good stuff without the bad?
89
241755
1446
怎样取其精华去其糟粕呢？
04:19
So we went back and started looking at the great cities
90
243201
3068
我们暂且回头看看那么比较不错的城市吧
04:22
that evolved before the cars.
91
246269
2123
在有了汽车之前的状态
04:24
Paris was a series of these little villages
92
248392
3040
巴黎就是由好些小村庄
04:27
that came together, and you still see that structure today.
93
251432
3273
合并而成的，这种分布结构你今天还可以看得出来
04:30
The 20 arrondissements of Paris
94
254705
1443
巴黎的20个区
04:32
are these little neighborhoods.
95
256148
1484
就像20个小邻居
04:33
Most of what people need in life can be
96
257632
2460
大多数人们的生活所需
04:35
within a five- or 10-minute walk.
97
260092
2035
或许就在5到10分钟的步行范围里
04:38
And if you look at the data, when you have that kind
98
262127
2765
如果你去看那些数据，当你建立了
04:40
of a structure, you get a very even distribution
99
264892
2942
这种结构后，巴黎的商店
04:43
of the shops and the physicians and the pharmacies
100
267834
3000
内科医生，药房，还有咖啡厅
04:46
and the cafes in Paris.
101
270834
2056
都会很平均地分布在城市中
04:48
And then you look at cities that evolved after
102
272890
2097
之后你再看那些拥有了汽车后的城市
04:50
the automobile, and it's not that kind of a pattern.
103
274987
2826
他们就完全不是这个模式了
04:53
There's very little that's within a five minute walk
104
277813
2239
像匹兹堡，大部分地方
04:55
of most areas of places like Pittsburgh.
105
280052
3172
很少再有几步之遥的生活了
04:59
Not to pick on Pittsburgh, but most American cities
106
283224
2657
不单是匹兹堡，大部分美国的城市
05:01
really have evolved this way.
107
285881
2776
都演变成这个样了
05:04
So we said, we'll, let's look at new cities, and we're involved
108
288657
3521
所以我们说，看看这些新城市
05:08
in a couple of new city projects in China.
109
292178
3007
我们也要在中国弄几个新城市出来
05:11
So we said, let's start with that neighborhood cell.
110
295185
2044
那我们就从社区单元开始着手吧
05:13
We think of it as a compact urban cell.
111
297229
1826
我们觉得这是一种紧凑的城市单元
05:14
So provide most of what most people want
112
299055
2553
这样大部分人就能在20分钟步程内
05:17
within that 20-minute walk.
113
301608
1484
满足生活所需
05:18
This can also be a resilient electrical microgrid,
114
303092
3712
这也能成为一种有弹性的微电网
05:22
community heating, power, communication networks,
115
306804
3207
社区供热网，电力网，通讯网
05:25
etc., can be concentrated there.
116
310011
2329
等等，都能集中在那儿
05:28
Stewart Brand would put a micro-nuclear reactor
117
312340
2508
Stewart Brand很可能会在正中心
05:30
right in the center, probably. (Laughter)
118
314848
2201
建一个原子核反应堆。（笑声）
05:32
And he might be right.
119
317049
1631
他或许是对的
05:34
And then we can form, in effect, a mesh network.
120
318680
3635
事实上，我们就能形成一个网状网络了
05:38
It's something of an Internet typology pattern,
121
322315
3502
这是一种类型学的互联网模式
05:41
so you can have a series of these neighborhoods.
122
325817
2515
所以我们有了这一系列的社区
05:44
You can dial up the density -- about 20,000 people per cell
123
328332
2730
你可以了解到人口密度，如果在剑桥
05:46
if it's Cambridge. Go up to 50,000
124
331062
2221
大概就是每个社区2万人。如果是在曼哈顿
05:49
if it's Manhattan density. You connect everything
125
333283
2125
这个数字就是5万。我们把那些
05:51
with mass transit and you provide most of what most people
126
335408
3482
大的中转点连接起来，这样单在社区里
05:54
need within that neighborhood.
127
338890
1925
就能满足很多人的需求了
05:56
You can begin to develop a whole typology of streetscapes
128
340815
3784
我们也能开创一个新的类型学
06:00
and the vehicles that can go on them. I won't go through
129
344599
3465
包含了街景和交通工具
06:03
all of them. I'll just show one.
130
348064
2149
我就不详讲，我就说一个方面
06:06
This is Boulder. It's a great example of kind of a mobility
131
350213
2408
这里是博尔德，它的驾车专用道路
06:08
parkway, a superhighway for joggers and bicyclists
132
352621
3469
还有跑步者和自行车者的高速公路，是很有代表性的
06:11
where you can go from one end of the city to the other
133
356090
2905
你可以顺着它横穿整个城市
06:14
without crossing the street, and they also have bike-sharing,
134
358995
4161
不用过马路，而且他们也有公共自行车
06:19
which I'll get into in a minute.
135
363156
1574
能让我很快就适应进去
06:20
This is even a more interesting solution in Seoul, Korea.
136
364730
3276
在韩国首尔，还有个更有趣的解决方案
06:23
They took the elevated highway, they got rid of it,
137
368006
2335
他们放弃了高架公路
06:26
they reclaimed the street, the river down below,
138
370341
4118
重新回到街道上，还有街道下面的小河流
06:30
below the street, and you can go from one end of Seoul
139
374459
2734
这样不用穿过马路
06:33
to the other without crossing a pathway for cars.
140
377193
4396
就能从首尔的一端到达另外一端
06:37
The Highline in Manhattan is very similar.
141
381589
3941
曼哈顿的高压线也是类似的情况
06:41
You have these rapidly emerging bike lanes
142
385530
4465
在全世界，我们拥有这种迅速面世的单车道
06:45
all over the world. I lived in Manhattan for 15 years.
143
389995
2504
我在曼哈顿住了15年
06:48
I went back a couple of weekends ago, took this photograph
144
392499
2698
上几个周末我回去了一趟
06:51
of these fabulous new bike lanes that they have installed.
145
395197
4576
给这些新建的漂亮的单车道拍了些照
06:55
They're still not to where Copenhagen is, where something
146
399773
3861
比起哥本哈根，仍有些差距
06:59
like 42 percent of the trips within the city
147
403650
2780
在哥本哈根，42%的路程都是在单车上的
07:02
are by bicycle. It's mostly just because they have
148
406430
2172
很有可能是他们那里
07:04
fantastic infrastructure there.
149
408602
2846
有更好的基础设施
07:07
We actually did exactly the wrong thing in Boston.
150
411448
2705
在波士顿我们完全做了错误的事
07:10
We -- the Big Dig -- (Laughter)
151
414153
4647
我们——那个大隧道——（笑声）
07:14
So we got rid of the highway but we created a traffic island
152
418800
3386
我们是摆脱了高速公路，但我们也制造了交通岛
07:18
and it's certainly not a mobility pathway for anything
153
422186
3780
显然除了汽车，它还真的不适用于
07:21
other than cars.
154
425966
1274
其他的交通工具
07:23
Mobility on demand is something we've been thinking
155
427240
2317
我们一直在思考迫在眉睫的流动性问题
07:25
about, so we think we need an ecosystem
156
429557
1799
我们觉得我们需要一个公交生态系统
07:27
of these shared-use vehicles connected to mass transit.
157
431356
3941
他们可以将那些大的中转站给连接起来
07:31
These are some of the vehicles that we've been working on.
158
435297
3161
这些是我们目前着手的一些交通工具
07:34
But shared use is really key. If you share a vehicle,
159
438458
3191
公共使用是关键，如果我们共用一辆车
07:37
you can have at least four people use one vehicle,
160
441649
2611
那么相对一个人使用一辆车来说
07:40
as opposed to one.
161
444260
2182
这辆车的使用人数至少可以是四人
07:42
We have Hubway here in Boston, the Vélib' system in Paris.
162
446442
4883
在波士顿我们有Hubway自行车共享系統，在巴黎有Vélib系统
07:47
We've been developing at the Media Lab this little
163
451325
4005
我们在媒体实验室研发这种
07:51
city car that is optimized for shared use in cities.
164
455330
4522
城市小车，可以在城市充分共享使用
07:55
We got rid of all the useless things like engines
165
459852
2836
我们摒弃了那些没什么用处的东西，像引擎
07:58
and transmissions. We moved everything to the wheels,
166
462688
2782
还有传动装置，我们把一切都搬到轮子上
08:01
so you have the drive motor, the steering motor,
167
465470
2010
所以车上的轮子就集成有驱动马达，转向电机
08:03
the breaking all in the wheel.
168
467480
1777
和刹车系统
08:05
That left the chassis unencumbered, so you can do things
169
469257
2701
这使得底盘灵活不收阻碍，所以你可以
08:07
like fold, so you can fold this little vehicle up
170
471958
2824
进行底盘折叠，你可以把这辆小车折叠起来
08:10
to occupy a tiny little footprint.
171
474782
3758
使得占据的空间变得更小
08:14
This was a video that was on European television last week
172
478540
3318
这是上周在欧洲电视台上播放的一个视频
08:17
showing the Spanish Minister of Industry driving
173
481858
4636
讲了西班牙的工业部长开着
08:22
this little vehicle, and when it's folded, it can spin.
174
486494
2463
这辆小车，而且当它折叠起来时，它还可以旋转
08:24
You don't need reverse. You don't need parallel parking.
175
488957
3740
无需退车，也无需平行泊车
08:28
You just spin and go directly in. (Laughter)
176
492697
2466
你只要旋转一下，直接开进去就行了。（笑声）
08:31
So we've been working with a company to
177
495163
2349
所以我们已经在和一家公司合作
08:33
commercialize this. My PhD student Ryan Chin presented
178
497512
2408
将它商业化。我的博士生Ryan Chin
08:35
these early ideas two years ago at a TEDx conference.
179
499920
4275
两年前在TEDx的一个大会上提出了这个想法
08:40
So what's interesting is, then if you begin to add
180
504195
4162
更有趣的是，你会开始不断为它增加
08:44
new things to it, like autonomy, you get out of the car,
181
508357
2509
新的东西，像自动化，你走出这部车
08:46
you park at your destination, you pat it on the butt,
182
510866
3038
想要停在指定位置，你就拍下它的屁屁
08:49
it goes and it parks itself, it charges itself,
183
513904
2543
它就自动进去停车，自己控制自己
08:52
and you can get something like seven times
184
516447
2452
而且一个传统的汽车的车位
08:54
as many vehicles in a given area as conventional cars,
185
518899
5483
你可以停放七辆这样的小车
09:00
and we think this is the future. Actually we could do this today.
186
524382
2296
我们觉得这就是未来，其实我们今天已经可以做到了
09:02
It's not really a problem.
187
526678
2549
没什么大问题的
09:05
We can combine shared use and folding and autonomy
188
529227
3994
我们能把共享使用和折叠还有自动化结合起来
09:09
and we get something like 28 times the land utilization
189
533221
2771
而且我们的土地使用率可以提高28倍
09:11
with that kind of strategy.
190
535992
2371
只要按照这种方式（就会有可能）
09:14
One of our graduate students then says, well,
191
538363
1836
我们的一个毕业生说，好吧
09:16
how does a driverless car communicate with pedestrians?
192
540199
4293
这个无人驾驶的车，怎样提防行人呢？
09:20
You have nobody to make eye contact with.
193
544492
2117
没有司机看着它啊
09:22
You don't know if it's going to run you over.
194
546609
1478
也不知道它是不是会把你碾过去
09:23
So he's developing strategies so the vehicle can
195
548087
2899
所以他在研究怎样让这辆车
09:26
communicate with pedestrians, so -- (Laughter)
196
550986
3535
留心我们的行人，所以——（笑声）
09:30
So the headlights are eyeballs, the pupils can dilate,
197
554521
2708
所以车头灯成了眼球，它的瞳孔会扩大的
09:33
we have directional audio, we can throw sound
198
557229
1961
我们有指导声频，所以可以在人们面前
09:35
directly at people.
199
559190
2450
直接发声
09:37
What I love about this project is he solved a problem
200
561640
2250
我之所以钟情这个项目，是因为他解决了一个问题
09:39
that hasn't, that doesn't exist yet, so -- (Laughter)
201
563890
3612
而这个问题，甚至还未存在，所以——（笑声）
09:43
(Laughter) (Applause)
202
567502
1690
（笑声）（掌声）
09:45
We also think that we can democratize access to bike lanes.
203
569192
4430
我们同时也觉得我们可以扩大范围到自行车道
09:49
You know, bike lanes are mostly used by young guys
204
573622
1375
自行车道大多是都是穿着弹性裤的年轻人在用
09:50
in stretchy pants, you know. So -- (Laughter)
205
574997
3847
所以，你懂的，所以——（笑声）
09:54
We think we can develop a vehicle that operates
206
578844
3049
我们觉得我们可以发明一种能在自行车道行驶
09:57
on bike lanes, accessible to elderly and disabled,
207
581893
2666
的交通工具，老年人和残疾人
10:00
women in skirts, businesspeople, and address the issues
208
584559
4135
穿裙妇女，商业人士都可以用
10:04
of energy congestion, mobility, aging and obesity
209
588694
2424
同时针对能源消耗，流动性，老年化和肥胖症这些问题
10:07
simultaneously. That's our challenge.
210
591118
2673
那就是我们的挑战
10:09
This is an early design for this little three-wheel,
211
593791
2647
这是我们早期设计的小三轮车
10:12
it's an electronic bike. You have to pedal
212
596438
2795
它是电动自行车，你得踩踏板
10:15
to operate it in a bike lane, but if you're an older person,
213
599233
4193
它才会在自行车道上行驶，但如果你是个上了年纪的人
10:19
that's a switch. If you're a healthy person,
214
603426
3173
那儿有个开关。如果你是个身体健康的人，
10:22
you might have to work really hard to go fast.
215
606599
1526
你可能得踩得很费劲它才会很快
10:24
You can dial in 40 calories going into work
216
608125
2260
骑着它去上班你可以消耗40卡路里
10:26
and 500 going home, when you can take a shower.
217
610385
2215
然后回家时消耗500卡路里，然后再洗个澡
10:28
We hope to have that built this fall.
218
612600
4083
我们期待它在今年秋天可以面世
10:32
Housing is another area where we can really improve.
219
616683
3645
住房是我们能改善的另一个方面
10:36
Mayor Menino in Boston says lack of affordable housing
220
620328
4207
波士顿的市长Menino说这个城市面临最大的问题的之一
10:40
for young people is one of the biggest problems
221
624535
2802
就是缺乏可以让年轻人
10:43
the city faces.
222
627337
1248
负担得起的住房
10:44
Developers say, okay, we'll build little teeny apartments.
223
628585
2735
开发商说，好吧，那我们就来建造小型的公寓
10:47
People say, we don't really want to live in a little teeny
224
631320
3061
但人们说，我们其实不想住进这些狭小的
10:50
conventional apartment.
225
634381
1194
传统型公寓
10:51
So we're saying let's build a standardized chassis,
226
635575
4458
所以我们说，得建造标准的“底盘”
10:55
much like our car. Let's bring advanced technology
227
640033
3401
就像我们的车一样，让我们把高科技
10:59
into the apartment, technology-enabled infill,
228
643434
5252
引进公寓，比如那些科技辅助的填充料
11:04
give people the tools within this open-loft chassis
229
648686
4697
在这个宽敞的阁楼“底架”内，让人们拿起工具
11:09
to go through a process of defining what their needs
230
653383
2614
自己动手去创造，去诠释他们的需求
11:11
and values and activities are, and then
231
655997
3370
价值观和行为，然后
11:15
a matching algorithm will match a unique assembly
232
659367
2848
会有一个对应的算法，对应整套独特的
11:18
of integrated infill components, furniture, and cabinetry,
233
662215
4163
填充物组件，家具，还有橱柜
11:22
that are personalized to that individual, and they give them
234
666378
3814
而且是为个人量身定做的，让他们有机会
11:26
the tools to go through the process and to refine it,
235
670192
2700
拿起工具完成整个过程并完善它
11:28
and it's something like working with an architect,
236
672892
2754
这就像和建筑师一起合作
11:31
where the dialogue starts when you give an alternative
237
675646
3536
而对话的内容往往是关于
11:35
to a person to react to.
238
679182
2792
这里我想选择这么做
11:37
Now, the most interesting implementation of that for us
239
681974
5611
现在，住进去最好玩的事情
11:43
is when you can begin to have robotic walls, so
240
687585
2153
就是当你拥有了机器墙
11:45
your space can convert from exercise to a workplace,
241
689738
3698
这样就就能调整空间，不管是变成运动室还是工作室
11:49
if you run a virtual company.
242
693436
1220
只要你开了公司（一切就都有可能）
11:50
You have guests over, you have two guestrooms
243
694656
3010
有客人拜访时，你就可以
11:53
that are developed.
244
697666
2118
扩展两间客房
11:55
You have a conventional one-bedroom arrangement
245
699784
4193
当你需要的时候，你可以变出一间传统卧室
11:59
when you need it. Maybe that's most of the time.
246
703977
1680
可能大部分时间都是这样
12:01
You have a dinner party. The table folds out
247
705657
2415
当你有宴会时，桌子会翻折开来
12:03
to fit 16 people in otherwise a conventional one-bedroom,
248
708072
3816
在其他时间都是传统卧室里的空间里容纳下16个人
12:07
or maybe you want a dance studio.
249
711888
1296
或者你想改造成舞蹈室也行
12:09
I mean, architects have been thinking about these ideas
250
713184
2185
我想，建筑师很长时间一直在思考这个问题
12:11
for a long time. What we need to do now,
251
715369
3335
我们现在需要去做的
12:14
develop things that can scale to those 300 million Chinese
252
718704
5153
是开发一些东西，使得3亿中国人
12:19
people that would like to live in the city,
253
723857
2858
能容纳进城市里
12:22
and very comfortably.
254
726715
2306
并且生活得安逸
12:24
We think we can make a very small apartment
255
729021
2300
我觉得我们能造出一套公寓出来
12:27
that functions as if it's twice as big
256
731321
2706
利用以上的那些策略，令房子的实际用途
12:29
by utilizing these strategies. I don't believe in smart homes.
257
734027
3680
可以达到它两倍大小的作用。我不信智能家居
12:33
That's sort of a bogus concept.
258
737707
2339
那是虚假的概念
12:35
I think you have to build dumb homes
259
740046
1865
我觉得应该建造愚笨家居
12:37
and put smart stuff in it. (Laughter)
260
741911
2793
然后放些智能的东西进去。（笑声）
12:40
And so we've been working on a chassis of the wall itself.
261
744704
6496
我们现在已经在研发机器墙的底架
12:47
You know, standardized platform with the motors
262
751200
2687
还有带着发动机和电池
12:49
and the battery when it operates, little solenoids
263
753887
2230
的标准平台，还有可以固定在一个地方
12:52
that will lock it in place and get low-voltage power.
264
756117
3908
收集低压电力的小螺丝管
12:55
We think this can all be standardized, and then people
265
760025
2432
我们觉得这可以标准化
12:58
can personalize the stuff that goes into that wall,
266
762457
3308
那样人们就可以个性化墙上的其他物品
13:01
and like the car, we can integrate all kinds of sensing
267
765765
2497
就像那辆车一样，我们能完善各种
13:04
to be aware of human activity, so if there's a baby or
268
768262
3768
感应人类活动的传感装置，所以
13:07
a puppy in the way, you won't have a problem. (Laughter)
269
772030
4570
哪怕有婴儿或小狗路中挡道，也不会出大乱子。（笑声）
13:12
So the developers say, well this is great. Okay,
270
776600
3182
开发商说也觉得这样很不错，很赞同
13:15
so if we have a conventional building,
271
779782
2074
所以如果我们有一栋传统的建筑
13:17
we have a fixed envelope, maybe we can put in 14 units.
272
781856
3380
有一个固定的底线，那么我们可能可以放14个单位进去
13:21
If they function as if they're twice as big,
273
785236
2024
如果他们能用起来像两倍的空间一样
13:23
we can get 28 units in.
274
787260
1858
那么我们就等于放进28个单位了
13:25
That means twice as much parking, though.
275
789118
1681
这就意味着有两倍的泊车空间
13:26
Parking's really expensive. It's about 70,000 dollars
276
790799
3440
泊车真的是很贵的，在一栋建筑物里
13:30
per space to build a conventional parking spot
277
794239
3353
建一个传统型的停车场，每个车位
13:33
inside a building.
278
797592
1136
大约要7万美金
13:34
So if you can have folding and autonomy,
279
798728
3621
所以如果能折叠，也有自动化
13:38
you can do that in one seventh of the space.
280
802349
2914
那么你只需七分之一个停车位
13:41
That goes down to 10,000 dollars per car,
281
805263
2060
每辆车就只需花1万美金而已
13:43
just for the cost of the parking.
282
807323
1598
就单停车这一项
13:44
You add shared use, and you can even go further.
283
808921
3982
如果加上共享使用，那么你行动范围就更大了
13:48
We can also integrate all kinds of advanced technology
284
812903
2958
我们能在这一个过程中加入各种高科技
13:51
through this process. There's a path to market
285
815861
2622
创新型公司把科技融入家居中
13:54
for innovative companies to bring technology into the home.
286
818483
3645
这方面的市场也是行得通的
13:58
In this case, a project we're doing with Siemens,
287
822128
2644
有这么个项目，我们正和西门子在合作
14:00
we have sensors on all the furniture, all the infill,
288
824772
2461
我们在所有的家具和填充物中加入传感器
14:03
that understands where people are and what they're doing.
289
827233
2157
能感知人们的位置和所做的事情
14:05
Blue light is very efficient, so we have these tunable
290
829390
3138
蓝光是很有效率的，所以我们做出了
14:08
24-bit LED lighting fixtures.
291
832528
2808
可调节的24位LED灯固定装置
14:11
It recognizes where the person is, what they're doing,
292
835336
4185
它能辨识人的位置，以及所做的事情
14:15
fills out the light when necessary to full spectrum white light,
293
839521
4017
需要的时候就变为全光谱的白灯
14:19
and saves maybe 30, 40 percent in energy consumption,
294
843538
6041
并节省下30%到40%的能源消耗
14:25
we think, over even conventional state-of-the-art
295
849579
3419
我们觉得，这比传统的最新型照明系统
14:28
lighting systems.
296
852998
2802
还要节能
14:31
This just shows you the data that comes from the sensors
297
855800
3286
这里的数据是来自那些传感器的
14:34
that are embedded in the furniture.
298
859086
1800
就安装在家具里面
14:36
We don't really believe in cameras to do things in homes.
299
860886
3189
我们不认为摄像机能在家里帮得上忙
14:39
We think these little wireless sensors are more effective.
300
864075
3822
我们觉得这些小型无线传感器更给力
14:43
We think we can also personalize sunlight.
301
867897
2499
我们也可以将日光个性化
14:46
That's sort of the ultimate personalization in some ways.
302
870396
2291
某种程度上，这算是一种终极的个性化了
14:48
So we, we've looked at articulating mirrors of the facade
303
872687
3329
我们现在看到的就是连接镜的正面
14:51
that can throw shafts of sunlight anywhere into the space,
304
876016
3871
它能往空中投射光束
14:55
therefore allowing you to shade most of the glass
305
879887
2250
这样就能在像今天一样热的天气里
14:58
on a hot day like today.
306
882137
2419
遮蔽掉大部分的光线
15:00
In this case, she picks up her phone, she can map
307
884556
2847
在这个例子中，她拿起手机，在准备食物时
15:03
food preparation at the kitchen island to a particular
308
887403
4504
在岛式厨房上指定位置映射出阳光
15:07
location of sunlight. An algorithm will keep it in that location
309
891907
3483
会有一个算法能记住这个映射位置
15:11
as long as she's engaged in that activity.
310
895390
2779
只要她还在这个活动的过程中
15:14
This can be combined with LED lighting as well.
311
898169
4568
这也能和LED照明结合起来
15:18
We think workplaces should be shared.
312
902737
2351
我们认为工作场所也应该共享
15:20
I mean, this is really the workplace of the future, I think.
313
905088
1932
我意思是，我觉得这真的就是未来的工作场所
15:22
This is Starbucks, you know. (Laughter)
314
907020
1769
其实，这是星巴克。（笑声）
15:24
Maybe a third — And you see everybody has their back
315
908789
2590
或许三分之一——你可以看到每个人
15:27
to the wall and they have food and coffee down the way
316
911379
2484
都背靠着墙，桌上有食物和咖啡
15:29
and they're in their own little personal bubble.
317
913863
3348
他们都融入到自己的小私人空间里
15:33
We need shared spaces for interaction and collaboration.
318
917211
2696
我们需要共享的空间进行互动和合作
15:35
We're not doing a very good job with that.
319
919907
2384
这方面，我们做得不是很好
15:38
At the Cambridge Innovation Center, you can have
320
922291
2500
在剑桥创新中心
15:40
shared desks. I've spent a lot of time in Finland
321
924791
3237
有能共享的桌子。我曾在芬兰阿尔托大学
15:43
at the design factory of Aalto University,
322
928028
2772
的设计工厂待过很长时间
15:46
where the they have a shared shop and shared Fablab,
323
930800
2994
那儿有共享的商店和私人实验室
15:49
shared quiet spaces,
324
933794
1619
共享安静的环境
15:51
electronics spaces,
325
935413
1784
电子设备环境
15:53
recreation places.
326
937197
2630
休闲场地
15:55
We think ultimately all of this stuff can come together,
327
939827
3416
我们相信这些最终都会结合在一起
15:59
a new model for mobility, a new model for housing,
328
943243
3803
成为新型的流动方式，新型的住宅方式
16:02
a new model for how we live and work,
329
947046
2434
新型的生活工作方式
16:05
a path to market for advanced technologies,
330
949480
2337
也为高科技市场打开门道
16:07
but in the end the main thing we need to focus on
331
951817
2621
但最终我们需要关注的
16:10
are people. Cities are all about people.
332
954438
2092
是人类。城市和人类是分不开的
16:12
They're places for people.
333
956530
2048
他们是人类的住所
16:14
There's no reason why we can't dramatically improve
334
958578
2363
所以没有理由不去大力提升
16:16
the livability and creativity of cities like they've done
335
960941
3048
城市的宜居性和创意性
16:19
in Melbourne with the laneways while
336
963989
3634
就像在墨尔本的巷道一样
16:23
at the same time dramatically reducing CO2 and energy.
337
967623
4384
同时也大规模地降低了CO2排放量和能源使用量
16:27
It's a global imperative. We have to get this right.
338
972007
3156
这个全球性问题迫在眉睫，刻不容缓
16:31
Thank you. (Applause)
339
975163
5579
谢谢。（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kent Larson - ArchitectKent Larson designs new technologies that solve the biggest questions facing our cities.
Why you should listen
Kent Larson has been the director of the MIT House_n research consortium in the School of Architecture and Planning since 1998 and is also the current director of the MIT Media Lab's Changing Places group. Both projects are dedicated to developing technologies that solve contemporary issues in the home, the workplace, and the city. Larson practiced architecture in New York City for 15 years and wrote for several architectural publications and the New York Times. In 2000, his book, Louis I. Kahn: Unbuilt Masterworks, was selected among the Ten Best Books in Architecture by the New York Times Review of Books. His current work has three focusses: responsive urban housing, ubiquitous technologies, and living lab experiments to test his group's designs in practical environments.
Kent Larson | Speaker | TED.com